scholarly journals Cold emission optimization of a diesel- and alternative fuel-driven CI engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Nenning ◽  
Helmut Eichlseder ◽  
Michael Egert
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Cold Charge ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Main Equation ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Nozzle Geometries ◽  
Swept Volume

AbstractThis paper deals with the emission optimization of a compression ignition (CI) engine during cold ambient operation. Hence, in the present study, the effect of different injector nozzle geometries and pilot injection strategies, but also the influence of intake swirl, rail pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) as well as EGR cooling on the emission behavior during cold run are investigated. Therefore, test bed experiments under steady-state cold conditions are conducted on a state-of-the-art CI single cylinder research engine (SCRE) with approximately 0.5 l swept volume representing the typical passenger car (PC) cylinder size. The cold charge air temperature of down to −8 $$^{\circ }\hbox { C}$$ ∘ C and a low engine coolant and lube oil temperature represent a cold run close to reality. For emulating the higher friction of a typical 4-cylinder PC engine during cold run, the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) is increased according to a specifically developed equation and the turbocharger main equation is solved permanently to adjust the gas exchange loss. To take account of a potential future tightening of emission legislation, in addition to limited exhaust gas emissions, non-limited emissions such as carbonyls are measured as well. Since alternative fuels are able to make a significant contribution to the defossilisation of transportation, an oxygen-containing fuel, consisting of 100 % renewable blend components (HVO, ethers and alcohols) and fulfilling the EN 590 legislation is investigated under the same cold conditions in addition to the research on conventional diesel fuel.

Emission Characteristics of Water in Diesel Nanoemulsions in Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
B.S. Bidita ◽  
Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽  
Azni B. Idris ◽  
Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Nanoemulsions are a class of nanomaterials which play an increasingly important role in commercial and environmental aspects. Water-in-diesel (W/D) nanoemulsion is considered one of the environmental friendly alternative fuels for reducing the emission pollution of internal combustion engine such as diesel engines. In this context, a study has been made to evaluate the combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. A wide range of surfactant concentration (0.25% to 0.40% v/v) with varying amount of water percentage (0.5% to 0.8% v/v) was used in the preparation of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. The high energy emulsification method was applied to prepare W/D nanoemulsions. The combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsions are presented in terms of different formulating compositions. An engine test bed was used to combust the W/D nanoemulsions for measuring the exhaust emission concentrations such as CO, CO2 and NH3. A reduction in the concentrations of exhaust gas emissions was notified.

scholarly journals Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110209
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines

Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.

Effects of Natural Gas Compositions on Engine In-Cylinder Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
La Xiang ◽  
Yu Ding
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Lower Maximum

Natural gas (NG) is one of the most promising alternative fuels of diesel and petrol because of its economics and environmental protection. Generally the NG engine share the similar structure profile with diesel or petrol engine but the combustion characteristics of NG is varied from the fuels, so the investigation of NG engine combustion process receive more attentions from the researchers. In this paper, a zero-dimensional model on the basis of Vibe function is built in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The model provides the prediction of combustion process in natural gas engines, which has been verified by the experimental data in the NG test bed. Furthermore, the influence of NG composition on engine performance is investigated, in which the in-cylinder maximum pressure and temperature and mean indicated pressure are compared using different type NG. It is shown in the results that NG with higher composition of methane results in lower maximum temperature and mean indicated pressure as well as higher maximum pressure.

scholarly journals Performance and Emission Test on a CI Engine By using Algae Oil as an Alternative Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1169
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Smoke Detector ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sulphur Oxides ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Algae Oil

Currently the Biggest threat to environment and public health is Air Pollution which is caused by emissions of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and sulphur oxides by burning of fossil fuels. In recent years consumption of fossil fuels by various factories has rapidly increased that has let for the search of alternative fuels. These fuels are also known as non-conventional fuels which can be used as a substitute for conventional fuels Algae oil is one of the promising potential sources of bio-fuels generated from microbes. It is generally preferred because it is sustainable and environment-friendly oil which have numerous advantages. So the algae oil has used for performance and emission test on a diesel engine. The blends have been made for testing B5, B10. In which 5% of methanol has mixed and others are raw algae oil (5% for B5 and 10% for B10) and Diesel (90% for B5 and 85% for B10). The Kirlosker Engine with 6.97 HP (5.2KW)@1500rpm is used for Performance analyzing. Parallels AVL emission analyzer and smoke detector were connected with the exhaust of the engine. All values of gases were displayed and compared.

scholarly journals 1D–3D Coupling Algorithm of Gas Flow for the Valve System in a Compression Ignition Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Ju Kong
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Valve System ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Coupling Algorithm

Emission control devices such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and scrubbers were installed in the compression ignition (CI) engine, and flow analysis of intake air and exhaust gas was required to predict the performance of the CI engine and emission control devices. In order to analyze such gas flow, it was inefficient to comprehensively analyze the engine’s cylinder and intake/exhaust systems because it takes a lot of computation time. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can quickly calculate the gas flow of the CI engine in order to shorten the development process of emission control devices. It can be efficient and quickly calculated if only the parts that require detailed observation among the intake/exhaust gas flow of the CI engine are analyzed in a 3D approach and the rest are analyzed in a 1D approach. In this study, an algorithm for gas flow analysis was developed by coupling 1D and 3D in the valve systems and comparing with experimental results for validation. Analyzing the intake/exhaust gas flow of the CI engine in a 3D approach took about 7 days for computation, but using the developed 1D–3D coupling algorithm, it could be computed within 30 min. Compared with the experimental results, the exhaust pipe pressure occurred an error within 1.80%, confirming the accuracy and it was possible to observe the detailed flow by showing the contour results for the part analyzed in the 3D zone. As a result, it was possible to accurately and quickly calculate the gas flow of the CI engine using the 1D–3D coupling algorithm applied to the valve system, and it was expected that it can be used to shorten the process for analyzing emission control devices, including predicting the performance of the CI engine.

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ СУДНОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УТИЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ТЕПЛОТИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ГАЗІВ ЕЖЕКТОРНОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Андрій Адольфович Андреєв ◽  
Вікторія Сергіївна Корнієнко
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problem of air basin pollution of the World Ocean with harmful emissions from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is primarily associated with the creation of highly efficient technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx on exhaust gases from a diesel engine. Emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of marine fuels are limited by international atmospheric protection programs and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The requirements relate to almost all groups of harmful emissions in marine engines and the more stringent of them are primarily related to nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world engine leaders use and suggest various methods for reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. The implementation of new standards in the areas of further improvement of the working process, the use of alternative fuels, fuel, and air additives, as well as selective catalytic reduction systems do not preclude further development of scientific research in the field of exhaust gas cleaning. One of the promising ways in environmentalizing marine internal combustion engines is the neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases through particular gas recirculation (EGR-technology). However, the use of such techniques conflicts with the engine's energy efficiency. In the work presented, the scheme-design solution of the exhaust gas recirculation system with using the heat of recirculation gases by an ejector refrigeration machine for cooling the air at the intake of ship's main engine is proposed. The effect of using the heat of recirculation gases for cooling the air at the intake of the engine is analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions for a particular vessel's route line. It is shown that the use of an ejector refrigeration machine reduces the air temperature at the entrance of the main engine by 5…15 ° С, which reduces the specific fuel consumption. This reduces emissions of harmful substances when the engine is running with recirculation of gases.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on performance, smoke and exhaust gas analysis of four stroke diesel engine using pongomia/neem oil biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar Konada ◽  
K.N.S. Suma ◽  
B.B. Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Ci Engines

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led to the discovery of alternative fuels forinternal combustion engines. Many alternative fuels like alcohols, petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas have been alreadycommercialized in the transport sector. In the present work, Pongomia oil and Neem oil are blended with diesel and used as analternate fuel for CI engines. The Pongomia oil and Neem oil can be converted into bio diesel using a chemical process of trans- esterification.Different proportions of fuel blends have been produced by the process of blending bio diesel consisting of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% (B10, B15, B20, B25, B30). The fuel properties of each blend are determined. The load test along with smoke and exhaust gas analysis of 4- Stroke Diesel engine using the blends of Pongomia oil and Neem oil with diesel are done in this study. The performance parameters of an engine are calculated for different blends. The sustainability of using alternate fuels in Diesel engines, especially the potential use of Pongomia oil and Neem oil as biodiesel have been brought to the fore through this work and suitable blends of bio diesel is suggested from the results. Keywords: 4-Stroke Diesel Engine, Pongomia and Neem oil Bo diesel, Performance, Smoke and exhaust gas analysis.

scholarly journals Correction to: The Analysis of Exhaust Gas Thermal Energy Recovery Through a TEG Generator in City Traffic Conditions Reproduced on a Dynamic Engine Test Bed

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 3059-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Pawel Fuc ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Andrzej Ziolkowski ◽  
Krzysztof T. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Traffic Conditions
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