scholarly journals Physico-chemical Characterization and Identification of Wood Species in Benin with High Bio-thermal Conversion for Carbonization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Adéniyi Fagbemi ◽  
Gaston Ganhoun ◽  
David Gildas F. Adamon ◽  
Evrard Karol Ekouedjen
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical characteristics of ten tropical wood species in Benin were determined to identify the species with high bio-thermal conversion for carbonization (charcoal production).  The wood species were obtained from Dassa-Zoume, Dan, and Djidja localities in Central region, where charcoal production is a major economic activity.  The physico-chemical properties determined were elemental composition, fixed carbon content, volatile matter content, ash content, and calorific value.  The species selection criteria was quantified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical method implemented by R-software package. The three wood species identified as most suitable for bio-thermal conversion were Burkea africana (Wild Syringa), Prosopis africana (Mesquite Iron Tree) and Bridelia ferruginea (Bridelia Yellow Cassia), which exhibited high calorific values, high fixed carbon levels and relatively low proportions of ash and volatile matter.

scholarly journals Carbonization techniques and wood species influence quality attributes of charcoals produced from industrial sawmill residues in Eastern Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Joseph ◽  
Achille Bernard BIWOLÉ ◽  
Evariste FEDOUNG FONGZOSSIE ◽  
Gilbert Tsoh EKASSI ◽  
Didier HUBERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Eastern Cameroon ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Cameroon harvests a considerable volume of round wood each year, only a small part of which is used for manufactured products. In recent decades, various charcoal-making initiatives have emerged around industrial timber-processing units, particularly in the eastern region, in order to develop a market for residual biomass. However, the undifferentiated use of these residues obtained from different species often results in products with varying energy potential that are not always appreciated by consumers. Moreover, the physical and chemical characteristics of the charcoal produced are unknown, as are the factors that influence its quality. The aim of this study was to assess the variability of the physical and chemical properties of charcoal produced from industrial sawmill residues in the eastern region of Cameroon using different carbonisation techniques. Three wood species, Ayous, Frake and Movingui, and three types of kilns (traditional, improved traditional and Casamance system) were used. For each species, three bundles of five pieces of wood each were prepared, with an initial moisture content ranging from 28% to 36%. The physical and chemical properties determined were moisture content, apparent density, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, ash content and Higher Heating Value (HHV). Our results showed that the charcoal properties varied depending on the wood species and types of kilns used. Movingui, with the highest density (0.73 g/cm3), produced charcoal with the lowest moisture content (4.03%) and the highest apparent density (0.42 g/cm3). The lowest volatile matter content (20.32%), the lowest ash content (1.27%) and the highest fixed carbon content (74.95%) were also obtained with this species. All these values were obtained with Movingui charcoal produced with the Casamance system. However, the highest HHV (32.51 MJ/kg) was obtained with charcoal from Ayous, also produced with the Casamance system. On comparing the three charcoaling systems used, the Casamance model yielded the best physical and chemical charcoal properties. All the charcoals studied complied with FAO standards for cooking fuel. The highest HHV obtained with charcoal from Ayous hardwood shows its ability to release large amounts of thermal energy during combustion.   Keywords: Charcoal, carbonization technologies, eastern Cameroon, physicochemical properties, industrial sawmills wastes.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF THYME (SATUREJA HORTENSIS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONA GHINITA CONSTANTIN ◽  
MIRELA PRAISLER ◽  
GABRIELA IORDĂCHESCU
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Physico Chemical

<p>Thyme (<em>Satureja hortensis</em>) is a popular spice for food, which is also often used as a medicine for various ailments. This paper presents an artificial intelligence method applied for the objective determination of the most important physico-chemical variables affecting the quality of thyme, i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that the main properties which significantly influence the nutritional value of thyme are moisture (MOIST), dry matter content (DRYM), protein content (PROT) and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrate content (CARB). Humidity is strongly and negatively correlated with the latter three variables. The main variable that ensures the similarity between the thyme samples having the same geographical origin is the monosodium glutamate content, which generates its delicious (umami) taste.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Charcoal Briquette with Composition Types of Gerunggang (Cratoxylon Arborescens) and Tumih (Combretocarpus Rotundatus) Wood from Tropical Peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Alpian ◽  
Raynold Panjaitan ◽  
Adi Jaya ◽  
Yanciluk ◽  
Wahyu Supriyati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pioneer Plants

Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.

scholarly journals Proposals on establishing a methodology for the systematic analysis of energy coal mixtures in judicial practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00059
Author(s):  
Csaba Lorinţ ◽  
Eugen Traistă ◽  
Adrian Florea
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coal Mixtures

There are several situations in which it is necessary to clarify the types of coal that enter into the composition of mixtures: technical expertise and/or establishing the nature of some coal wastes, often from old stockpiles, in order to eliminate them. The proposed method is based on the identification and description of those mineralogical-petrographic and physico-chemical properties whose pursuit can lead to a diagnosis in differentiation of coal types. Systematic analysis involves in the first stage the identification of the different types of coal present in the sample by mineralogical analysis. From the sample subjected to mineralogical analysis, granules are extracted from the different types of coal present in the sample and the characteristics defining them are determined: moisture and hygroscopic moisture content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, agglutination characteristics, etc. Further, the characteristics of the mixtures are determined on another part of the sample and their structure is determined by algebraic methods.

scholarly journals Changes in physico-chemical properties and flavour compounds during fermentation of different obushera (sorghum and millet) beverages

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 6665-6685
Author(s):  
IM Mukisa ◽  
◽  
CMBK Muyanja ◽  
YB Byaruhanga ◽  
T Langsrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flavour Compounds ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Highperformance Liquid Chromatography

Four types of Obushera, a fermented millet or sorghum beverage: Ekitiribita, Obuteire, Obutoko and Enturire were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties, sugars, organic acids and volatile compounds during fermentation. Standard chemical methods were used to determine the physico-chemical properties of Obushera. The organic acids, carbohydrates, glucose, fructose and maltose were analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography. The pH of all Obushera varied between 4.00±0.10 and 4.42±0.11 after 4 days of fermentation. The pH of Obuteire, Obutoko and Enturire dropped below 4.5 within one day of fermentation. Acidity ranged between 0.13% (Ekitiribita) to 1.33% (Enturire) after 4 days of fermentation. Dry matter decreased and varied between 5.4 and 22% after 4 days of fermentation. Fermentation resulted into a 20–40% reduction of dry matter in Obutoko, Obuteire and Enturire. Enturire had the highest dry matter content and decreased from 22% to 13%. Fermentation resulted in an apparent increase in protein concentration (5.7– 12.3%). Flavour compounds identified included sugars, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters. Enturire contained the highest (p < 0.05) concentrations of most flavor compounds. Sugars (maltose, glucose and fructose) were reduced during fermentation. The predominant organic acids detected were lactate, acetate and succinate and increased with fermentation time. Alcohols identified in Obushera were ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol and increased during fermentation. Ethanol was the predominating alcohol reaching a maximum of 0.8–1.0% (Obuteire and Obutoko) and 4.5% in Enturire during fermentation. The aldehydes detected in Obushera were acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-1- propanal, 2-methyl-1-butanal and 3-methyl-1-butanal and varied from 0.1 mg kg-1 to 6.8 ± 1.2 mg kg-1. Diacetyl, acetoin and 2,3 pentanedione were the ketones identified in Obushera. Esters detected in Obushera included ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and isobutyl acetate. Significantly higher (p <0.05) amounts of esters were detected in Enturire than in the other types of Obushera. Principal Component analysis, grouped Obushera into three categories (Ekitiribita, Obuteire/Obutoko and Enturire) based on flavour profile differences.

scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

Soil fertility and leaf nutrient status of litchi orchard sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Tasnim Zannat ◽  
Farhana Firoz Meem ◽  
Rubaiat Sharmin Promi ◽  
Umme Qulsum Poppy ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Dominant Soil ◽  
Physico Chemical

Twelve soil and twelve leaf samples were collected from twelve litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards from different locations of Dinajpur to evaluate some physico-chemical properties and nutrient status of soil, and concentration of nutrients in litchi leaf. The pH of the soil varied from very strong acidic to medium acidic (4.8 - 5.7), organic matter content varied from 0.84 - 1.88%, EC varied from 302.4 - 310.2 μS/cm. The dominant soil textural class was clay loam. The average particle density was 2.49g/cm3. Total N, P, K and S in soils were 0.053 - 0.180%, 0.02 - 0.07%, 0.046 - 0.370 meq/100 g, and 0.015 - 0.028%, respectively. Available N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and B in soils 30.40 - 57.8 mg/kg, 10.53 - 14.33 mg/kg, 0.03 - 0.32 meq/100 g, 20.03-34.80 mg/kg, 0.68-1.50 μg/g, 31.8 - 41.5 μg/g, 6.75 - 7.39 μg/g and 0.25-0.51 μg/g, respectively. The concentration of total N, P, K, S, Zn and Mn in the leaf were 1.74 - 2.20%, 0.11 - 0.188%, 0.104- 0.198%, 0.129 - 0.430%, 12 - 14 μg/g and 30 - 74 μg/g, respectively. The overall results indicated that the fertility status of the soils under the litchi plantation in the Dinajpur area are medium fertile. So, farmers could be advised to grow litchi plants after applying amendments to the soils to improve the physico-chemical properties in the Dinajpur area of Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 141-149, 2021 (July)

scholarly journals Biochar of distillers’ grains anaerobic digestion residue: Influence of pyrolysis conditions on its characteristics and ammonium adsorptive optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 86-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebo Zheng ◽  
Ting Shi ◽  
Wenjing Song ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Jianxin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Maximal Amount

To promote the sustainable development of the liquor/ethanol industry and environment protection, alternative ways to dispose of anaerobic digestion residue (ADR) are urgently required. This research aims at studying the effects of different residence times (RTs) (30, 60 and 120 min) and heating rates (HR) (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0°C min-1) under 700°C on characteristics of ADR biochar as well as the optimization of ammonium (NH4+) adsorption. Results showed that, with the increasing RT and HR, the aromaticity as well as the content of fixed carbon and elemental carbon of ADR biochar increased, but the pyrolysis yield, volatile matter content, elemental hydrogen, oxygen and polarity decreased. Biochar prepared at 60 min and 5.0°C min-1 under 700°C presented the best development of orderly and honeycomb shape structures, highest specific surface area and maximal amount of NH4+ adsorption (3.15 mg N g-1). The multilayer heterogeneous adsorption process dominated the NH4+ adsorption behaviour. And the maximal amount of NH4+ adsorption was achieved with 4 g biochar L-1 at pH 11.0 along with the order of the competitive effect of K+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+. Furthermore, NH4+ adsorption was exothermic. Thus, the present study demonstrated that ADR biochar has potential to adsorb NH4+ from NH4+ polluted water to meet environmental standards.

scholarly journals Energy Potential Study of Some Tropical Wood Species from Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Asibor ◽  
E. P. Akhator ◽  
A. I. Obanor
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Afzelia Africana

Aims: To carry out experimental study of the energy potential of some tropical wood species. Study Design: It involved sample collection, experimental analysis and numerical validation of the obtained calorific values. Place and Duration of Study: National Centre for Energy Research and Development (NCERD), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria between November 2016 and September 2018. Methodology: Wood waste (saw dust) from ten (10) selected tropical wood species sourced from sawmills in Benin City, Nigeria were subjected to proximate analysis, ultimate analysis as well as energy content study. Results: Thermal conversion characteristics of low ash content (0.2 – 2.76%), very high volatile matter (87.51 – 90.94%), low moisture content (8.62 – 10.53%.), relatively high carbon, hydogen and oxygen contents as well as low nitrogen and sulphur contents were observed. Obtained calorific values were validated using three already existing correlations. Conclusion: Among the 10 species studied, Afzelia africana (Apa) was found to be best suited for energy generation while Triplocyton scleroxylon (Obeche) was found to be least suited.

scholarly journals Habitat conditions of astatic pools and differentiation of vegetation connected with them

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nieckuła ◽  
Wiesław Podyma
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical

In 12 astatic pools, each of which was characterised by the dominance of phytocenoses of one of three plant associations, investigations were performed on the physico-chemical properties of the water and bottom sediments, in order to establish the relations between the habitat conditions and vegetation. The criterion of the degree of saltiness of the bottom sediments and the specific conductivity of water in these water bodies allows to order them according to their decreasing fertility as follows: 1) water bodies with dominant phytocenoses of the association <em>Equisetetum limosi</em>, 2) with <em>Caricetum elatae</em>, 3) with <em>Typhetum latifoliae</em>. The type of vegetation indicates also connections with other properties of the water (hardness, oxidability, pH, chloride content) and of the bottom sediment (organic matter content, chlorides, magnesium and various forms of nitrogen). Correlation between the chemical composition of the water and depostis has only been demonstrated in the case of chlorides.

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