A standardized hybrid microcircuit design cycle

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Keyword(s):  
Design Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Hybrid Microelectronics

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
S. Khadpe ◽  
R. Faryniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is an important tool in Thick Film Hybrid Microcircuits Manufacturing because of its large depth of focus and three dimensional capability. This paper discusses some of the important areas in which the SEM is used to monitor process control and component failure modes during the various stages of manufacture of a typical hybrid microcircuit.Figure 1 shows a thick film hybrid microcircuit used in a Motorola Paging Receiver. The circuit consists of thick film resistors and conductors screened and fired on a ceramic (aluminum oxide) substrate. Two integrated circuit dice are bonded to the conductors by means of conductive epoxy and electrical connections from each integrated circuit to the substrate are made by ultrasonically bonding 1 mil aluminum wires from the die pads to appropriate conductor pads on the substrate. In addition to the integrated circuits and the resistors, the circuit includes seven chip capacitors soldered onto the substrate. Some of the important considerations involved in the selection and reliability aspects of the hybrid circuit components are: (a) the quality of the substrate; (b) the surface structure of the thick film conductors; (c) the metallization characteristics of the integrated circuit; and (d) the quality of the wire bond interconnections.

Application research of automobile modeling optimization design based on virtual reality technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jingfeng Shao ◽  
Zhigang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Automobile Design ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Long Time

Automobile styling design is an important part of the design chain. In the traditional automobile modeling evaluation, the process of project evaluation is more in-depth, and designers exchange ideas. Different designers have different evaluations of automobile styling. The evaluation process lasts a long time, which leads to the design cycle being too long and the efficiency of automobile modeling evaluation is greatly reduced. The introduction of virtual reality in automobile modeling evaluation can effectively optimize the evaluation process and promote the rapid adjustment of the model on the basis of development. From the virtual reality system based on mechanical engineering, we only need the parameters of the car model to observe the actual situation through VR technology, and use the measurement tools to directly and accurately evaluate the driver’s field of vision. Through the application of virtual reality technology in the automobile design stage, the interactive and network-based remote research on automobile modeling will also make the automobile design process more convenient, easier to communicate with designers, and reduce the development cycle and cost of automobile design.

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical investigation of heat dissipation from an electronic component in a closed enclosure

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Bobin Saji George ◽  
M. Ajmal ◽  
S. R. Deepu ◽  
M. Aswin ◽  
D. Ribin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Electronic Component ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Design Cycle

Intensifying electronic component power dissipation levels, shortening product design cycle times, and greater than before requirement for more compact and reliable electronic systems with greater functionality, has heightened the need for thermal design tools that enable accurate solutions to be generated and quickly assessed. The present numerical study aims at developing a computational tool in OpenFOAM that can predict the heat dissipation rate and temperature profile of any electronic component in operation. A suitable computational domain with defined aspect ratio is chosen. For analyzing, “buoyant Boussinesq Simple Foam“ solver available with OpenFOAM is used. It was modified for adapting to the investigation with specified initial and boundary conditions. The experimental setup was made with the dimensions taken up for numerical study. Thermocouples were calibrated and placed in specified locations. For different heat input, the temperatures are noted down at steady state and compared with results from the numerical study.

Test Method of Current Leakage for Dielectric Paste

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 1573-1576
Author(s):  
Zhi Hong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Conducting Layer ◽  
Current Leakage ◽  
Test Circuit ◽  
Conductive Line ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Sintering Processes

A test method of current leakage for dielectric paste was proposed by simulating the application processes of dielectric paste for manufacturing the dielectric layer in the multilayer thick film hybrid microcircuit. That is, by screen printing and sintering processes, the sliver conducting layer was fabricated on the surface of glass substrate, and then dielectric layer, finally the glass substrate sample with conducting layer and dielectric layer was dipped in 5 Wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The conductive line was soldered on the silver conducting layer to form the test circuit, and powered with 5 volts direct power, the current in the test circuit was taken as the current leakage of the dielectric paste. The method may be used to evaluate the current leakage of dielectric paste.

scholarly journals Formal Codesign Methodology with Multistep Partitioning

VLSI Design ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Carchiolo ◽  
Michele Malgeri ◽  
Giuseppe Mangioni
Keyword(s):  
Formal Description ◽  
Formal Description Technique ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Target Architecture ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Formal Basis ◽  
Step Algorithm ◽  
Description Technique ◽  
Hardware Performance

A codesign methodology is proposed which is suitable for control-dominated systems but can also be extended to more complex ones. Its main purpose is to optimize the trade-off between hardware performance and software reprogrammability and reconfigurability. The methodology proposed intends to cover the development of the whole system. It deals in greater detail with the steps that can be made without the need for any particular assumption regarding the target architecture. These steps concern splitting up the specification of the system into a set of individually synthesizable elements, and then grouping them for the subsequent mapping stage. In order to decrease the complexity of each partitioning attempt, a two step algorithm is proposed, thus permitting a wide exploration of possible solutions. The methodology is based on the TTL language, an extension of the T-LOTOS Formal Description Technique which provides a large amount of operators as well as a formal basis. Finally, an example pointing out the complete design cycle, excepting the allocation stage is provided.

A 3D CAD model input pipeline for REFMUL3 full-wave FDTD 3D simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. C11013
Author(s):  
J.M. Santos ◽  
E. Ricardo ◽  
F.J. da Silva ◽  
T. Ribeiro ◽  
S. Heuraux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Interface Problem ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Fusion Plasma ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Cad Models

Abstract The use of advanced simulation has become increasingly more important in the planning, design, and assessment phases of future fusion plasma diagnostics, and in the interpretation of experimental data from existing ones. The design cycle of complex reflectometry systems, such as the ones being planned for next generation machines (IDTT and DEMO), relies heavily on the results produced by synthetic diagnostics, used for system performance evaluation and prediction, both crucial in the design process decision making. These synthetic diagnostics need realistic representations of all system components to incorporate the main effects that shape their behavior. Some of the most important elements that are required to be well modelled and integrated in simulations are the wave launcher structures, such as the waveguides, tapers, and antennas, as well as the vessel wall structures and access to the plasma. The latter are of paramount importance and are often neglected in this type of studies. Faithfully modelling them is not an easy task, especially in 3D simulations. The procedure herein proposed consists in using CAD models of a given machine, together with parameterizable models of the launcher, to produce a description suited for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) 3D simulation, combining the capabilities of real-world CAD design with the power of simulation. However, CAD model geometric descriptions are incompatible with the ones used by standard FDTD codes. CAD software usually outputs models in a tessellated mesh while FDTD simulators use Volumetric Pixel (VOXEL) descriptions. To solve this interface problem, we implemented a pipeline to automatically convert complex CAD models of tokamak vessel components and wave launcher structures to the VOXEL input required by REFMUL3, a full wave 3D Maxwell FDTD parallel code. To illustrate the full procedure, a complex reflectometry synthetic diagnostic for IDTT was setup, converted and simulated. This setup includes 3 antennas recessed into the vessel wall, for thermal protection, one for transmission and reception, and two just for reception.

scholarly journals The New Mirror: Reflecting on inhabitant behaviour in VR and VR visualisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Wang ◽  
Tane Moleta ◽  
Marc Aurel Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Software Development ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Digital Representations ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Immersive Systems ◽  
Modern Era

Technology inevitably evolves and develops rapidly in the modern era, industries and professions continue to strive in integrating, adapting and utilising these advancements to improve, optimise and improve the process of design to manufacture to the user experience. One such system that fits into this category is the advent of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. The numerous possibilities to which these visually and spatially immersive systems opportunities for immense innovation often lacks direction or an ultimate goal thus rendering this piece of software to often be little more than a visualisation tool.This paper recognises the unique position that VR allows and seeks to interrogate and deconstruct current, traditional design processes to better utilise VR in aiding and reinforcing the idea of partial testing of ideas and concepts throughout the design cycle. Different sciences such as psychology, processes and automation from computational design and considerations within software development will be employed and injected into the broader architectural context in which this research presides. In addition to the VR headset, eye tracking external hardware are integrated to develop a seamless tool and workflow that allows us, as designers to better interrogate clients behaviour within our designed digital representations which leads to validations, evaluations and criticisms of our actions within the architectural realm.

scholarly journals Machine-learning-guided library design cycle for directed evolution of enzymes: the effects of training data composition on sequence space exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Saito ◽  
Misaki Oikawa ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Hikaru Nakazawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Sequence Space ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Sortase A ◽  
Library Design ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
High Enzyme ◽  
Evolution Study

Machine learning (ML) is becoming an attractive tool in mutagenesis-based protein engineering because of its ability to design a variant library containing proteins with a desired function. However, it remains unclear how ML guides directed evolution in sequence space depending on the composition of training data. Here, we present a ML-guided directed evolution study of an enzyme to investigate the effects of a known "highly positive" variant (i.e., variant known to have high enzyme activity) in training data. We performed two separate series of ML-guided directed evolution of Sortase A with and without a known highly positive variant called 5M in training data. In each series, two rounds of ML were conducted: variants predicted by the first round were experimentally evaluated, and used as additional training data for the second-round prediction. The improvements in enzyme activity were comparable between the two series, both achieving enzyme activity 2.2-2.5 times higher than 5M. Intriguingly, the sequences of the improved variants were largely different between the two series, indicating that ML guided the directed evolution to the distinct regions of sequence space depending on the presence/absence of the highly positive variant in the training data. This suggests that the sequence diversity of improved variants can be expanded not only by conventional ML using the whole training data, but also by ML using a subset of the training data even when it lacks highly positive variants. In summary, this study demonstrates the importance of regulating the composition of training data in ML-guided directed evolution.

Parameter assessment for virtual Stackelberg game in aerodynamic shape optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12n13) ◽  
pp. 1840044
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Fangfang Xie ◽  
Yao Zheng ◽  
Jifa Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization ◽  
Aerodynamic Optimization ◽  
Aerodynamic Shape ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, parametric studies of virtual Stackelberg game (VSG) are conducted to assess the impact of critical parameters on aerodynamic shape optimization, including design cycle, split of design variables and role assignment. Typical numerical cases, including the inverse design and drag reduction design of airfoil, have been carried out. The numerical results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of VSG. Furthermore, the most significant parameters are identified, e.g. the increase of design cycle can improve the optimization results but it will also add computational burden. These studies will maximize the productivity of the effort in aerodynamic optimization for more complicated engineering problems, such as the multi-element airfoil and wing-body configurations.

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