scholarly journals The pulsed ultrasound strategy effectively decreases the S. aureus population of chronic rhinosinusitis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjes Feizabadi ◽  
Javad Sarrafzadeh ◽  
Mojtaba Fathali ◽  
Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki ◽  
Mahdi Dadgoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound

Abstract Objective Staphylococcus aureus with the ability of biofilm formation and the drug resistance acquisition is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens from chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Ultrasound as an alternative therapy is effectively able to kill the bacteria by cavitation in or on the bacterial cells and peroxide generation and hence improving antibiotic treatment efficacy. Results Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 4 and 6 out of 14 patients by phenotypic and qPCR assays, respectively. Four patients were completely resolved after pulsed ultrasound treatment. However, presence of the S. aureus was confirmed in three healthy controls by bacterial cultivation. Pulsed ultrasound have been quantitatively decreased the S. aureus population in chronic rhinosinusitis patients (p < 0.05). Further studies need to be investigated the effectiveness of pulsed ultrasound as an alternative course of CRS patient’s treatment.

scholarly journals Modulation of drug resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the oral cavity of Tunisian children

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Zmantar ◽  
Rihab Ben Slama ◽  
Kais Fdhila ◽  
Bochra Kouidhi ◽  
Amina Bakhrouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biofilm Formation

scholarly journals Evolution of microbial etiology in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and its role in the current management of antibiotic treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Iulia Sabaru ◽  
Codrut Sarafoleanu ◽  
Alina Maria Borcan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Microbial Etiology ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract BACKGROUND. Acute and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are common conditions worldwide. In most cases, the etiology of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is viral, but there can be cases complicated by bacterial infection. The bacterial pathogens responsible for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) in most cases are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis. In recent years, some changes regarding this issue have been communicated. Also, the pathophysiology of CRS becomes a problem due to the increasing percentage of resistant or recurrent cases. OBJECTIVE. To identify the bacterial spectrum in patients diagnosed with ABRS and CRS and to establish the actual resistance rates of the most prescribed antibiotics for these affections in order to initiate the correct antibiotic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We performed a prospective study on 40 adult patients with ABRS and 70 patients with CRS. The standard microbiological procedures were performed in order to identify the involved microorganisms. The Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of the clinical isolates was performed to routinely used antibiotics according to EUCAST. RESULT. ABRS: A total of 21 types of pathogenic bacteria were isolated. The results indicated changes in the percentages of the traditionally involved bacteria, other species of streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus representing important pathogens. Almost half of the samples were polymicrobial. CRS: 12 bacteria were incriminated for CRS, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequently identified pathogens. Regarding the antibiotic treatment, we established that in our country the resistance rates are higher than the ones communicated by WHO (especially for macrolides) and the fluoroquinolones seem to be the class with the highest safety profile. CONCLUSION. Study results demonstrate some changes of the bacteriologic spectrum in ABRS in this geographic area. The pathogens responsible for CRS are found in approximately the same percentage as presented in other studies. Antibiotic treatment demands attention considering the increasing trend of antibiotic resistance of the bacteria causing ABRS and CRS.

scholarly journals Piperine Exhibits Promising Antibiofilm Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus by Accumulating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmistha Das ◽  
Payel Paul ◽  
Sudipta Chatterjee ◽  
Poulomi Chakraborty ◽  
Ranojit K. Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Area Of Concern

Abstract Biofilm, an aggregated form of microbial existence has been a major area of concern in the healthcare units. These sessile microbes not only protect themselves from the host immune system but also exhibit high resistance against several antimicrobials. One such widely reported Gram-positive pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. This human commensal is known to cause severe harmful diseases like bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, etc. Thus, strategies need to be undertaken to deal with such biofilm challenges. In this respect, we aimed to inhibit microbial biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus under the influence of a natural compound, piperine. Our study revealed that the higher concentrations of piperine exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Hence, lower concentrations of piperine were tested to examine its antibiofilm activity. Several experiments like crystal violet (CV) assay, total biofilm protein assay, and fluorescence microscopy observation established that lower concentrations (8 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL) of piperine showed efficient antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. It was also noticed that the lower concentrations of piperine did not compromise the microbial growth of Staphylococcus aureus while exhibiting antibiofilm activity. In this connection, we also noticed that the lower concentrations of piperine showed a considerable reduction in microbial metabolic activity. Furthermore, we observed that the compound was found to accumulate reactive oxygen species in the bacterial cells that could play an important role in the inhibition of biofilm formation. Thus, piperine could be considered as a potential antibiofilm agent against the biofilm formation caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Fungal Extract of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 Inhibits the Growth of Skin Pathogenic Bacterium and Attenuates Biofilms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Mohd Taufiq Mat Jalil ◽  
Darah Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Fungal Extract

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens associated with biofilm formation can cause life-threatening infections to humans. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of the fungal extract of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (L. pseudotheobromae) Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory (IBRL) OS-64 on bacterial cells and the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods: Broth microdilution and semi-quantitative adherence assays were conducted to determine the anti-biofilm activity of the fungal extract. Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to observe the effect of the fungal extract on biofilm formation by MRSA. Results: The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) microphotographs showed that the bacterial cells were severely damaged upon 24 h exposure to the extract and displayed several symptoms such as cell shrinkage and breakage. Meanwhile, results from the antibiofilm study indicated the extract attenuated the initial and preformed biofilms of MRSA by 80.82% and 61.39%, respectively. The initial biofilm was more sensitive to the extract compared to the pre-formed biofilm, as evidenced by the light microscopy and SEM observations that demonstrated more severe bacterial cell damage on the initial biofilms compared to pre-formed biofilms. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of L. pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 significantly inhibited bacterial cells growth and eliminated biofilm formation by MRSA.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Biofilm Producing and Non-Producing Community Acquired-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Potential Risk Population of Dharan, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenish Shakya ◽  
Bijay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Prince Subba ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Golden Yellow

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common cause of hospital acquired infection and community acquired infections. Nowadays these organisms became resistant towards variety of drugs. MRSA is the emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria that are resistant to methicillin antibiotic and known to be the infectious pathogen causing severe infection and a cause of fatal mortality.Materials and methodology Altogether 200 nasal swabs and 200 hand swabs were obtained from participants and transported to microbiology lab in cold chain. The samples were swabbed in mannitol salt agar (MSA) containing oxacillin powder of 6mg/L and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Staphylococcus aureus colonies were identified based on growth characteristics on MSA plates (golden yellow colonies), Gram stain and positive results for coagulase tube test and catalase test. The pure isolated MRSA were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests and biofilm formation assays.Results From our study the overall prevalence of CA-MRSA was 61.5%. Higher frequency of multi-drug resistant MRSA was isolated. The biofilm producing CA-MRSA were 51.2% which showed high drug resistance and rest (48.7%) were non-biofilm producers. There was significant association in biofilm production with multi-drug resistance (p<0.05). Ciprofloxacin was most sensitive drug against the isolates which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The resistant pattern of biofilm producers reported high ability of multi-drug resistance compared to non-biofilm producers (p<0.05). Microtitre plate method was found to be gold standard over tube and congo red agar method for screening biofilm formation. Surprisingly the emergence of VISA and VRSA strains were significantly reported from our study. The prevalence of VISA and VRSA among CA-MRSA was found to be 49.5% and 40.6% respectively among the isolates which indicates the failure of Vancomycin drug in clinical therapy.Conclusions The prevalence of CA-MRSA was found more in barbers followed by beauticians and municipal waste workers in comparison to healthy controls. This study reported the higher carriage of CA-MRSA in potential risk population along with emergence of VISA and VRSA strains. Improvement in personal hygiene and formulation of appropriate health policy helps to prevent CA-MRSA infection. This study concludes that CA-MRSA is still emerging with multi-drug resistance.

Staphylococcus aureus: biofilm formation and strategies against it

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nasser ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
Shiva Jahanbakhshi ◽  
Taher Azimi ◽  
Leila Nikouei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibitors ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Biofilm Inhibitor

: The formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm causes significant infections in the human body. Biofilm forms through the aggregation of bacterial species and brings about many complications. It mediates drug resistance and persistence and facilitates the recurrence of infection at the end of antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm formation goes through a series of steps to complete, and any interference in these steps can disrupt its formation. Such interference may occur at any stage of biofilm production, including attachment, monolayer formation, and accumulation. Interfering agents can act as quorum sensing inhibitors and interfere in the functionality of quorum sensing receptors, attachment inhibitors and affect the cell hydrophobicity. Among these inhibiting strategies, attachment inhibitors could serve as the best agents against biofilm formation. If pathogens abort the attachment, the following stages of biofilm formation, e.g., accumulation and dispersion, will fail to materialize. Inhibition at this stage leads to suppression of virulence factors and invasion. One of the best-known inhibitors is a chelator that collects metal, Fe+, Zn+, and magnesium critical for biofilm formation. These influential factors in the binding and formation of biofilm are investigated, and the coping strategy is discussed. This review examines the stages of biofilm formation and determines what factors interfere in the continuity of these steps. Finally, the inhibition strategies are investigated, reviewed, and discussed. Keywords: Biofilm, Staphylococcus, Biofilm inhibitor, Dispersion, Antibiofilm agent, EPS, PIA.

scholarly journals Induction of Different Sensitization Patterns of MRSA to Antibiotics Using Electroporation

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalij Novickij ◽  
Jurgita Švedienė ◽  
Algimantas Paškevičius ◽  
Svetlana Markovskaja ◽  
Eglė Lastauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Physical Methods

Treatment of bacteria-associated infections is complicated and antibiotic treatment alone is often inadequate to overcome biofilm infections. Physical methods allow overcoming this problem and propose solutions that are non-dependent on drug resistance. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of pulsed electric fields for sensitization of MRSA to common antibiotics. We analyzed the efficacy of inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 5–20 kV/cm electric field separately and in combination with gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. Combined treatment allowed using up to 1000-fold smaller concentrations of antibiotics to induce the same inactivation of S. aureus.

scholarly journals Anti-Biofilm Properties Exhibited by Different Types of Monofloral Honey

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Filomena Nazzaro ◽  
Florinda Fratianni ◽  
Antonio d’Acierno ◽  
Maria Neve Ombra ◽  
Lucia Caputo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Different Types

Our aim was to evaluate the susceptibility of bacterial biofilm formation and the metabolic changes occurring in the bacterial cells by the action of ivy, strawberry tree, lavender, sulla and tree of heaven monofloral honeys. Listeria monocytogenes was the most sensitive bacteria with percentages of biofilm inhibition up to 72.20%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was less sensitive, but tree of heaven and sulla honey caused an inhibition of biofilm up to 40.41% and 35.85%, respectively. The tree of heaven honey acted on the P. aeruginosa metabolism (75.24%). Staphylococcus aureus, majorly resistant to the biofilm-inhibitory action of the honey, was more sensitive at the metabolic level (61.63% inhibition in the presence of the tree of heaven honey).

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