Effect of X-Ray and UV irradiation of the C60 fullerene aqueous solution on biological samples

Carbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Scharff ◽  
L. Carta-Abelmann ◽  
C. Siegmund ◽  
O.P. Matyshevska ◽  
S.V. Prylutska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Red Mud

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Ma ◽  
Guanyu Wang ◽  
Zhengpeng Yang ◽  
Shanxiu Huang ◽  
Weijie Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Solid waste red mud was modified by HCl leaching. The structure property and composition of modified red mud were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Under UV irradiation, methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution was photodegraded by modified red mud. The obtained results showed that the specific surface area of modified red mud was 317.14 m2/g, which was about 40 times higher than that of the normal red mud. After UV irradiation for 50 min, the removal percentage of MO reached 94.2%. The study provided a novel way for the application of red mud to the photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes.

Artefacts in the x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated biological samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Fracture Face ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Appearance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Freeze Dried

A number of papers have appeared recently which purport to have carried out x-ray microanalysis on fully frozen hydrated samples. It is important to establish reliable criteria to be certain that a sample is in a fully hydrated state. The morphological appearance of the sample is an obvious parameter because fully hydrated samples lack the detailed structure seen in their freeze dried counterparts. The electron scattering by ice within a frozen-hydrated section and from the surface of a frozen-hydrated fracture face obscures cellular detail. (Fig. 1G and 1H.) However, the morphological appearance alone can be quite deceptive for as Figures 1E and 1F show, parts of frozen-dried samples may also have the poor morphology normally associated with fully hydrated samples. It is only when one examines the x-ray spectra that an assurance can be given that the sample is fully hydrated.

Structural Study of a new Compound Based on Acid 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic (1,4-CDC)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Manel Halouani ◽  
M. Dammak ◽  
N. Audebrand ◽  
L. Ktari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid

One nickel 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate coordination polymers, Ni2 [(O10C6H4)(COO)2].2H2O  (I), was hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of Ni (NO3)2.6H2O, (1,4-CDC) (1,4-CDC = 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) and tetramethylammonium nitrate. Compound (I) crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the C2/m space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 20.1160 (16) Å, b = 9.9387 (10) Å, c = 6.3672 (6) Å, β = 97.007 (3) (°), V= 1263.5 (2) (Å3) and Dx= 1.751g/cm3. The refinement converged into R= 0.036 and RW = 0.092. The structure, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, consists of two nickel atoms Ni (1) and Ni (2). Lots of ways of which is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, a carboxyl group and two water molecules.

Heterogeneous Fenton Catalytic Removal of Organic Pollutant in Aqueous Solution by using Coal Gangue as a Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Jiwei Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Shuaixia Liu ◽  
Baoxiang Gu ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray

Background: Coal gangue was used as a catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton process for the degradation of azo dye and phenol. The influencing factors, such as solution pH gangue concentration and hydrogen peroxide dosage were investigated, and the reaction mechanism between coal gangue and hydrogen peroxide was also discussed. Methods: Experimental results showed that coal gangue has the ability to activate hydrogen peroxide to degrade environmental pollutants in aqueous solution. Under optimal conditions, after 60 minutes of treatment, more than 90.57% of reactive red dye was removed, and the removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) up to 72.83%. Results: Both hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical anion participated in the degradation of organic pollutant but hydroxyl radical predominated. Stability tests for coal gangue were also carried out via the continuous degradation experiment and ion leakage analysis. After five times continuous degradation, dye removal rate decreased slightly and the leached Fe was still at very low level (2.24-3.02 mg L-1). The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) indicated that coal gangue catalyst is stable after five times continuous reuse. Conclusion: The progress in this research suggested that coal gangue is a potential nature catalyst for the efficient degradation of organic pollutant in water and wastewater via the Fenton reaction.

Über den Mechanismus der Bildung von Polyanionen in wäßriger Lösung. Zum Bildungsmechanismus eines Polytetramolybdations [Mo4O144-]n / On the Mechanism of Formation of Polyanions in Aqueous Solution. Concerning the Mechanism of Formation of a Polytetramolybdate Ion [Mo4O144-]n

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Tytko
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Coordination Sphere ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Possible structures and the pertinent reaction pathways for the polymetalate ion present in a slightly soluble polymetalate having the analytical formula A2O · 2 MOs have been derived on the basis of theoretical considerations. Structure and kind of combination of the tetrameric units of one of the possibilities are in agreement with the results of X-ray structure analyses. First the previously proposed planar tetrametalate ion [M4O12(OH)4]4--is formed by stepwise aggregation according to an addition mechanism. This species undergoes a rearrangement of the coordination sphere of two of the M atoms and is then subject to a polycondensation resulting in a polytetrametalate chain, [M4O144-]n.

scholarly journals Principles of Different X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2971
Author(s):  
Siwei Tao ◽  
Congxiao He ◽  
Xiang Hao ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Made In

Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.

scholarly journals Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Internal Microelectrolysis with Fe-Cu: Optimization and Application on Real Coking Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Do Tra Huong ◽  
Nguyen Van Tu ◽  
Duong Thi Tu Anh ◽  
Nguyen Anh Tien ◽  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Plating ◽  
Internal Electrolysis ◽  
Phenol Decomposition

Fe-Cu materials were synthesized using the chemical plating method from Fe powder and CuSO4 5% solution and then characterized for surface morphology, composition and structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The as-synthesized Fe-Cu material was used for removal of phenol from aqueous solution by internal microelectrolysis. The internal electrolysis-induced phenol decomposition was then studied with respect to various parameters such as pH, time, Fe-Cu material weight, phenol concentration and shaking speed. The optimal phenol decomposition (92.7%) was achieved under the conditions of (1) a pH value of phenol solution of 3, (2) 12 h of shaking at the speed of 200 rpm, (3) Fe-Cu material weight of 10 g/L, (4) initial phenol concentration of 100.98 mg/L and (5) at room temperature (25 ± 0.5 °C). The degradation of phenol using Fe-Cu materials obeyed the second-order apparent kinetics equation with a reaction rate constant of k of 0.009 h−1L mg−1. The optimal process was then tested against real coking wastewater samples, resulting in treated wastewater with favorable water indicators. Current findings justify the use of Fe-Cu materials in practical internal electrolysis processes.

scholarly journals Leaching Titaniferous Magnetite Concentrate by Alkaline Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Guo ◽  
Shaoyan Wang ◽  
Renfeng Song ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Concentrate ◽  
Titaniferous Magnetite ◽  
Magnetite Concentrate ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractLeaching titaniferous magnetite concentrate with alkali solution of high concentration under high temperature and high pressure was utilized to improve the grade of iron in iron concentrate and the grade of TiO2 in titanium tailings. The titaniferous magnetite concentrate in use contained 12.67% TiO2 and 54.01% Fe. The thermodynamics of the possible reactions and the kinetics of leaching process were analyzed. It was found that decomposing FeTiO3 with NaOH aqueous solution could be carried out spontaneously and the reaction rate was mainly controlled by internal diffusion. The effects of water usage, alkali concentration, reaction time, and temperature on the leaching procedure were inspected, and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. After NaOH leaching and magnetic separation, the concentrate, with Fe purity of 65.98% and Fe recovery of 82.46%, and the tailings, with TiO2 purity of 32.09% and TiO2 recovery of 80.79%, were obtained, respectively.

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