Using the modified mayfly algorithm for optimizing the component size and operation strategy of a high temperature PEMFC-powered CCHP

New sensor and sensor manufacturing technologies are identified as a key factor for a successful digitalisation and are therefore economically important for manufacturers and industry. To address various requirements, a new sputter coating system has been invented at the Institute of Micro Production Technology. It enables the deposition of sensor systems directly onto technical surfaces. Compared to commercially available systems, it has no spatial limitations concerning the maximum coatable component size. Moreover, it enables a simultaneous structuring of deposited layers. Within this paper, characterisation techniques, results and challenges concerning directly deposited thin film strain gauges with the new sputter coating system are presented. Constantan (CuNiMn 54/45/1) and NiCr 80/20 are used as sensor materials. The initial resistance, temperature coefficient of resistance and gauge factor/k-factor of quarter-bridge strain gauges are characterised. The influence of a protective layer on sensor behaviour and layer adhesion is investigated as well. Moreover, the temperature compensation quality of directly deposited half-bridge strain gauges is evaluated, optimised with an external trimming technology and benchmarked against commercial strain gauges. Finally, the suitability for high-temperature strain measurement is investigated. Results show a maximum operation temperature of at least 400 °C, which is above the current state-of-the-art of commercial foil-based metal strain gauges.

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Real-Time Simulation Platform for the Design and Verification of the Operation Strategy of the HTR-PM

Volume 5: Fuel Cycle, Radioactive Waste Management and Decommissioning; Reactor Physics and Transport Theory; Nuclear Education, Public Acceptance and Related Issues; Instrumentation and Controls; Fusion Engineering ◽

10.1115/icone21-16025 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Zhe Dong ◽

Xiaojin Huang

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Real Time ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Simulation Platform ◽

Operation Strategy ◽

Real Time Simulation ◽

Time Simulation ◽

Successful Design ◽

High Temperature Gas

Because of the inherent safety feature, the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTGR) has been seen as one of the best candidates for the next generation of nuclear power plants. Power-regulation is a key technique to provide safe, stable and efficient plant operation for the multi-reactor-module power plants. Based on the successful design and operation of Chinese test high temperature gas-cooled reactor HTR-10, the high temperature gas cooled reactor pebble-bed module (HTR-PM) project is proposed. Since the HTR-PM is composed of two interconnected nuclear steam supply system (NSSS), the operation strategy of the multi-reactor-modular HTR-PM is different from that of those one-reactor-modular high temperature reactors such as HTR-10. In order to design and verify the operation strategy for HTR-PM, it is necessary to establish a real-time simulation platform. The design and development of this platform is presented in this paper.

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Influence of Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Microstructure of Beryllia Dispersed Nickel Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071363 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 184-185

Author(s):

M.S. Grewal ◽

S.A. Sastri ◽

N.J. Grant

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Nickel Alloys ◽

Thermomechanical Processing ◽

Cold Work ◽

High Temperature Strength ◽

Strengthening Effect ◽

Mechanical Processing ◽

Uniform Dispersion ◽

Oxide Particles ◽

Nickel Base

Currently there is a great interest in developing nickel base alloys with fine and uniform dispersion of stable oxide particles, for high temperature applications. It is well known that the high temperature strength and stability of an oxide dispersed alloy can be greatly improved by appropriate thermomechanical processing, but the mechanism of this strengthening effect is not well understood. This investigation was undertaken to study the dislocation substructures formed in beryllia dispersed nickel alloys as a function of cold work both with and without intermediate anneals. Two alloys, one Ni-lv/oBeo and other Ni-4.5Mo-30Co-2v/oBeo were investigated. The influence of the substructures produced by Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) on the high temperature creep properties of these alloys was also evaluated.

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Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052377 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 472-473

Author(s):

B. J. Hockey

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

High Temperature ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Brittle Materials ◽

High Temperature Strength ◽

Wide Range ◽

Corrosive Environments ◽

Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

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Lattice Imaging of Grain Boundaries in Ceramics

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078171 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 114-115

Author(s):

D. R. Clarke ◽

G. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Temperature ◽

Silicon Nitride ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

High Temperature Strength ◽

Current Interest ◽

Lattice Imaging ◽

Special Significance ◽

Structural Applications ◽

Refractory Ceramics

Grain boundaries have long held a special significance to ceramicists. In part, this has been because it has been impossible until now to actually observe the boundaries themselves. Just as important, however, is the fact that the grain boundaries and their environs have a determing influence on both the mechanisms by which powder compaction occurs during fabrication, and on the overall mechanical properties of the material. One area where the grain boundary plays a particularly important role is in the high temperature strength of hot-pressed ceramics. This is a subject of current interest as extensive efforts are being made to develop ceramics, such as silicon nitride alloys, for high temperature structural applications. In this presentation we describe how the techniques of lattice fringe imaging have made it possible to study the grain boundaries in a number of refractory ceramics, and illustrate some of the findings.

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Effect of Improved ThO2 Particle Dispersion in Nickel on High-Temperature Strength

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069211 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 444-445

Author(s):

E. R. Kimmel ◽

H. L. Anthony ◽

W. Scheithauer

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Metal Matrix ◽

Oxide Particle ◽

Oxide Phase ◽

Dislocation Motion ◽

Particle Dispersion ◽

High Temperature Strength ◽

Strengthening Effect ◽

Oxide Particles ◽

The Stability

The strengthening effect at high temperature produced by a dispersed oxide phase in a metal matrix is seemingly dependent on at least two major contributors: oxide particle size and spatial distribution, and stability of the worked microstructure. These two are strongly interrelated. The stability of the microstructure is produced by polygonization of the worked structure forming low angle cell boundaries which become anchored by the dispersed oxide particles. The effect of the particles on strength is therefore twofold, in that they stabilize the worked microstructure and also hinder dislocation motion during loading.

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The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069193 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 440-441

Author(s):

Shiro Fujishiro ◽

Harold L. Gegel

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

High Temperature ◽

Titanium Alloys ◽

Growth Kinetics ◽

Stoichiometric Composition ◽

Good Potential ◽

Alpha Titanium ◽

Cold Rolled ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

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Albumins as Embedding Media for Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100064025 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 422-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. L. Farrant ◽

J. D. McLean

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

High Temperature ◽

Biological Material ◽

Globular Proteins ◽

The Past ◽

Antibody Staining ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Embedding Medium

For electron microscope techniques such as ferritin-labeled antibody staining it would be advantageous to have available a simple means of thin sectioning biological material without subjecting it to lipid solvents, impregnation with plastic monomers and their subsequent polymerization. With this aim in view we have re-examined the use of protein as an embedding medium. Gelatin which has been used in the past is not very satisfactory both because of its fibrous nature and the high temperature necessary to keep its solutions fluid. We have found that globular proteins such as the serum and egg albumins can be cross-linked so as to yield blocks which are suitable for ultrathin sectioning.

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An Environmental Wet Cell For High Voltage Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100070539 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 18-19

Author(s):

N.J. Tighe ◽

H.M. Flower ◽

P.R. Swann

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Temperature ◽

Image Quality ◽

Inelastic Scattering ◽

High Voltage ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Environmental Cell ◽

Water Saturated ◽

High Temperature Gas

A differentially pumped environmental cell has been developed for use in the AEI EM7 million volt microscope. In the initial version the column of gas traversed by the beam was 5.5mm. This permited inclusion of a tilting hot stage in the cell for investigating high temperature gas-specimen reactions. In order to examine specimens in the wet state it was found that a pressure of approximately 400 torr of water saturated helium was needed around the specimen to prevent dehydration. Inelastic scattering by the water resulted in a sharp loss of image quality. Therefore a modified cell with an ‘airgap’ of only 1.5mm has been constructed. The shorter electron path through the gas permits examination of specimens at the necessary pressure of moist helium; the specimen can still be tilted about the side entry rod axis by ±7°C to obtain stereopairs.

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