A cross-sectional nationwide survey of osteosclerotic skeletal dysplasias in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Sawamura ◽  
Kenichi Mishima ◽  
Masaki Matsushita ◽  
Yasunari Kamiya ◽  
Hiroshi Kitoh
Keyword(s):  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasias

scholarly journals Is polycystic ovary syndrome appropriately diagnosed by obstetricians and gynaecologists across China: a nationwide survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Yan ◽  
Wang Yan-Fang ◽  
Zhu Shi-Yang ◽  
Ma Rui-Lin ◽  
Ding Xue-Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotterdam Criteria

Abstract Background To describe the diagnostic criteria used and their application accuracy in the practice of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) caring among obstetricians and gynaecologists across China. Methods This was an Online cross-sectional survey of Obstetricians and gynecologists involved in PCOS caring conducted via the largest continuing education platform of obstetrics and gynecology across China from September 2019 to November 2019. Results A total of 2,328 respondents were eligible for the final analysis. Of these, 94.5 % were general obstetricians and gynaecologists (Ge-ObGyn), and 5.5 % were reproductive endocrinologists (Re-ObGyn). Overall, the most frequently used criteria were the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society (AE-PCOS) criteria (48.2 %), followed by the Rotterdam criteria (35.7 %) and NIH criteria (12.1 %). Of the respondents, 31.3 % used their diagnostic criteria in their clinical practice. More respondents who chose the Rotterdam criteria could accurately apply the diagnostic criteria than those who chose the AE-PCOS criteria (41.2 % vs. 32.1 %, P < 0.001). Compared with Ge-ObGyn, Re-ObGyn were less likely to use the AE-PCOS criteria (adjusted odds ratio, 0.513; 95 % CI, 0.328–0.802; P < 0.05) and 1.492 times more likely to accurately use their criteria (95 % CI, 1.014–2.196; P < 0.05). Conclusions Less than one-third of obstetricians and gynaecologists across China could accurately use the diagnostic criteria they choose to diagnose PCOS. There is an urgent need to train obstetricians and gynaecologists on PCOS diagnosis in an effort to improve the medical care quality of patients with PCOS.

scholarly journals Adherence to treatment in paediatric patients – results of the nationwide survey in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Kardas ◽  
Marek Dabrowa ◽  
Konrad Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Due to high prevalence, non-adherence to prescribed treatment seriously undermines the effectiveness of evidence-based therapies in paediatric patients. In order to change this negative scenario, physicians need to be aware of adherence problem, as well as of possible solutions. Unfortunately, full potential of adherence-targeting interventions is still underused in Poland. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours toward non-adherence in Polish paediatricians. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional nationwide survey was conducted in the convenience sample of Polish doctors providing care to paediatric patients. The survey focused on the prevalence of non-adherence, its causes, and interventions employed. Primary studied parameter was perceived prevalence of non-adherence in paediatric patients. Reporting of this study adheres to STROBE guidelines. Results One thousand and thirty-three responses were eligible for analysis. Vast majority of respondents were female (85.9%), most of them worked in primary care (90.6%). The respondents represented all 16 Polish Voivodeships, with the biggest number coming from the Mazowieckie Voivodeship (n = 144, 13.9%). Survey participants believed that on average 28.9% of paediatric patients were non-adherent to medication. More than half of the respondents (n = 548, 53.0%) were convinced that their own patients were more adherent than average. Duration of the professional practice strongly correlated with a lower perceived prevalence of non-adherence. Professionals with more than 40 years of practice believed that the percentage of non-adherent patients was <=20% particularly often (OR = 3.82 (95% CI 2.11–6.93) versus those up to 10 years in practice). Out of all respondents, they were also most often convinced that their own patients were more adherent than the general population (P < 0.01). Consequently, they underestimated the need for training in this area. Conclusions Physicians taking care of Polish paediatric patients underestimated the prevalence of medication non-adherence and believed that this was a problem of other doctors. This optimistic bias was particularly pronounced in older doctors. These results identify important barriers toward improving patient adherence that are worth addressing in the pre- and post-graduate education of Polish physicians. They also put some light over the challenges that educational activities in this area may face.

scholarly journals Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda G Duarte ◽  
Sandra da Silva Moreira ◽  
Maria da Conceição C Almeida ◽  
Carlos A de Souza Teles ◽  
Carine S Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adherence To Diet

ObjectiveExamine whether glycaemic control varies according to sex and whether the latter plays a role in modifying factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Brazil and Venezuela.Design, setting and participantsThis was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil and Venezuela from February 2006 to June 2007 to obtain information about glycaemic control and its determinants in patients with diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics.Main outcome measuresHaemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured by liquid chromatography, and patients with HbA1c ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have inadequate glycaemic control. The association of selected variables with glycaemic control was analysed by multivariate linear regression, using HbA1c as the dependent variable.ResultsA total of 9418 patients with T2D were enrolled in Brazil (n=5692) and in Venezuela (n=3726). They included 6214 (66%) women and 3204 (34%) men. On average, HbA1c levels in women were 0.13 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24; p=0.015) higher than in men, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, race, country, body mass index, duration of disease, complications, type of healthcare, adherence to diet, adherence to treatment and previous measurement of HbA1c. Sex modified the effect of some factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with T2D in our study, but had no noteworthy effect in others.ConclusionsWomen with T2D had worse glycaemic control than men. Possible causes for poorer glycaemic control in women compared with men include differences in glucose homeostasis, treatment response and psychological factors. In addition, sex modified factors associated with glycaemic control, suggesting the need to develop specific treatment guidelines for men and women.

MODEST OVERWEIGHT AND HEALTHY DIETARY HABITS REDUCE RISK OF DEMENTIA: A NATIONWIDE SURVEY IN TAIWAN

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Lee ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
H.-J. Lee ◽  
T.-F. Chen ◽  
P.-N. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Evidence of the associations of dietary habits and body mass index with dementia is inconsistent and limited in East Asian countries. Objective: We aim to explore the associations of dietary habits and body mass index with the odds of dementia. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: A nationwide, population-based, door-to-door, in-person survey. Participants: Selected by computerized random sampling from all 19 counties in Taiwan. Measurement: Diagnosis of dementia using the criteria recommended by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association. Lifestyle factors, dietary habits and demographic data were compared between normal subjects and participants with dementia. Results: A total of 10432 residents were assessed, among whom 2049 were classified as having a mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 929 were diagnosed with dementia, and 7035 were without dementia or MCI. After adjustment for age, gender, education, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, habitual exercises and co-morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular diseases, we found inverse associations of dementia with the consumption of fish (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.94), vegetables (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13-0.95), coffee (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.97), green tea (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.75) and other types of tea (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.28-0.60). There was no association between dementia and fruit consumption. Compared with people who had a normal BMI (18 < BMI <= 24), older overweight people (24 < BMI <=30) had a reduced risk of dementia with an adjusted OR of 0.77 (95% CI 0.61-0.96). Conclusions: Our study provides preliminary evidence that suggests that the consumption of fish, vegetables, tea, and coffee has potential benefits against dementia in East Asian population. Being modestly overweight (nadir risk at BMI = 25) in late life was associated with decreased odds of dementia. The benefit of fruits may be offset by their high sugar content.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Experiences and Attitudes towards Clinical Audit of Farm Animal Veterinary Surgeons in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Katie Waine ◽  
Rachel S. Dean ◽  
Chris Hudson ◽  
Jonathan Huxley ◽  
Marnie L. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protected Time ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
The Uk

Clinical audit is a quality improvement tool used to assess and improve the clinical services provided to patients. This is the first study to investigate the extent to which clinical audit is understood and utilised in farm animal veterinary practice. A cross-sectional study to collect experiences and attitudes of farm animal veterinary surgeons in the UK towards clinical audit was conducted using an online nationwide survey. The survey revealed that whilst just under three-quarters (n = 237/325; 73%) of responding veterinary surgeons had heard of clinical audit, nearly 50% (n = 148/301) had never been involved in a clinical audit of any species. The participants’ knowledge of what a clinical audit was varied substantially, with many respondents reporting not receiving training on clinical audit at the undergraduate or postgraduate level. Respondents that had participated in a clinical audit suggested that protected time away from clinical work was required for the process to be completed successfully. This novel study suggests that clinical audit is undertaken to some extent in farm animal practice and that practitioner perception is that it can bring benefits, but was felt that more resources and support were needed for it to be implemented successfully on a wider scale.

scholarly journals Household food unavailability due to financial constraints affects the nutrient intake of children

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-820
Author(s):  
Hitomi Suga
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Statistical Trends

Abstract Background A household’s food unavailability due to financial constraints may act as a barrier to a healthy diet for children. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between food unavailability due to financial constraints and the nutrient intake of children aged 1–15 years using data of a nationwide survey among the Japanese population. Methods Datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Survey and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan, 2014 were used for this study. The dietary intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated using a one-day dietary record. Participants were categorized into four subgroups, according to their households’ frequency of food unavailability due to financial constraints. The adjusted means and 95% confidential intervals of the energy and nutrient intakes in each subgroup were calculated using analysis of covariance. The statistical trends across the subgroups were examined using analysis of covariance. Results Of the 895 children included in the analysis, 202 (22.6%) were classified into subgroups with frequent food unavailability due to financial constraints. Significant decreases in the mean intakes of carbohydrate, calcium, retinol activity equivalents, riboflavin, folate and vitamin C were observed with increases in the frequency of households’ food unavailability. In contrast, frequent food unavailability was associated with higher total fat and vitamin B12 intake. Conclusion A substantial proportion of children in Japan experienced food unavailability due to financial constraints, and this affected their nutrient intake. Adopting a population approach may help overcome this problem.

scholarly journals A Nationwide Survey on the Effectiveness of Training on Endoscope Reprocessing Within the National Cancer Screening Program 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Young Shin ◽  
Da Hun Jang ◽  
Jae Kwan Jun
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
National Level ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Cancer Screening Program ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training

Abstract Background: Training on endoscope reprocessing has been annually implemented for health practitioners working in endoscopy units of hospitals performing national gastric or colorectal cancer screening across the country, as part of the endoscopy quality improvement project. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of endoscope reprocessing training. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, education on endoscope reprocessing was implemented 18 times across the country, from June 2019 to November 2019. A total of 1,186 participants were included and 1,132 of them answered the survey questionnaire (response rate, 95.4%). Results: Of the study participants, 45.8% had previous experience in training on endoscope reprocessing, and 87.6% of them have adhered to the endoscope reprocessing guidelines. Experience of participation in endoscope reprocessing training was significantly associated with practical adherence to endoscope reprocessing guidelines (aOR, 6.55; 95% CI, 3.93 to 10.91). The satisfaction with and need for endoscope reprocessing training were 92.7% and 95.7%, respectively. The level of knowledge and intention to adhere to endoscope reprocessing guidelines were both high (4.65 [1-5]). Conclusions: Training on endoscope reprocessing currently provided at the national level could be effective for obtaining quality control for endoscopy. However, completion of the training by actual practitioners in charge of endoscope reprocessing within the national cancer screening system remains low; thus, strategies for more aggressive training participation for them should be developed at a national level.

Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Papua New Guinea: a nationwide survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Lee ◽  
Fabrizio D'Esposito ◽  
Jambi Garap ◽  
Geoffrey Wabulembo ◽  
Samuel Peter Koim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and main causes of blindness and vision impairment in people aged 50 years and older in Papua New Guinea (PNG).DesignNational cross-sectional population-based survey in National Capital District (NCD), Highlands, Coastal and Islands regions.MethodsAdults aged 50 years and above were recruited from 100 randomly selected clusters. Each participant underwent monocular presenting and pinhole visual acuity (VA) assessment and lens examination. Those with pinhole VA<6/12 in either eye had a dilated fundus examination to determine the primary cause of reduced vision. Those with obvious lens opacity were interviewed on barriers to cataract surgery.ResultsA total of 4818 adults were examined. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness (VA <3/60), severe vision impairment (SVI, VA <6/60 but ≥3/60), moderate vision impairment (MVI, VA <6/18 but ≥6/60) and early vision impairment (EVI, VA <6/12 but ≥6/18) was 5.6% (95% CI 4.9% to 6.3%), 2.9% (95% CI 2.5% to 3.4%), 10.9% (95% CI 9.9% to 11.9%) and 7.3% (95% CI 6.6% to 8.0%), respectively. The main cause of blindness, SVI and MVI was cataract, while uncorrected refractive error was the main cause of EVI. A significantly higher prevalence of blindness, SVI and MVI occurred in the Highlands compared with NCD. Across all regions, women had lower cataract surgical coverage and spectacle coverage than men.ConclusionsPNG has one of the highest reported prevalence of blindness globally. Cataract and uncorrected refractive error are the main causes, suggesting a need for increased accessible services with improved resources and advocacy for enhancing eye health literacy.

Hesitancy and malignancy: Vaccine hesitancy among individuals with cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
Stacey A. Ingram ◽  
Nicole E. Caston ◽  
Courtney J. Andrews ◽  
Rebecca England ◽  
Courtney Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The Media

148 Background: The World Health Organization cited vaccine hesitancy as one of 2019’s top ten threats to global health, a threat that has been further exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic. Existing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy research focuses on the general population, but less is known about the specific concerns of medically vulnerable populations, including individuals with cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data that assessed likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination (likely vs unlikely/unsure) among past or current patients with cancer from a nationwide survey administered in December 2020 by the Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF), a non-profit organization that provides case management and financial aid to patients diagnosed with a chronic illness. Inclusion criteria included previous or current cancer treatment, aged ≥ 19, and a valid e-mail address. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and urban/rural residence were abstracted from the PAF database. Respondents self-reported education level, employment status, trust in media regarding COVID-19 pandemic, and media viewership on COVID-19 vaccine development. The Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale assessed respondents’ level of mistrust in medical providers based on ethnicity. Likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was evaluated using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance. All variables were included in our model. Results: Of 429 respondents, 48% were unlikely/unsure about accepting the COVID-19 vaccine, primarily due to concerns about vaccine safety (32%) and worry about health conditions (12%). When compared to those likely to accept COVID-19 vaccine, respondents who were unlikely/unsure were more often Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (40% vs. 23%), aged 36-55 (40% vs. 29%), and female (80% vs. 65%). In adjusted analysis, Black respondents were 55% less likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, when compared to White respondents (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.4-0.8). When compared to those who did not follow the media regarding COVID-19 vaccine development, those who followed the media very closely were 4.5 times more likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine (RR 4.5; 95% CI 1.6-13.2). Respondents who reported below average trust in the media were 60% less likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine (RR 0.6; 95% CI 0.5-0.8), compared to those who reported above average trust in the media. Conclusions: Despite being at high risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, a substantial proportion of under-resourced individuals with cancer were unlikely/unsure about vaccination, exposing a significant disconnect between risk of severe disease and vaccine acceptance. Our analysis also reveals a need to assess for and debunk misinformation to increase vaccine enthusiasm among medically vulnerable populations.

190 Changing national trends in sleep and related features among Korean adults between 2009 and 2018

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A76-A77
Author(s):  
Jee-Eun Yoon ◽  
Daeyoung Kim ◽  
Kwang Ik Yang ◽  
Min Kyung Chu ◽  
Chang-Ho Yun
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Korean Adults

Abstract Introduction Sleep patterns have been linked to various heath disease. Evaluating population-level trend of sleep could provide a comprehensive population health-forecasting model that has the potential to inform targeted interventions. Therefore, we aimed to examine the cross-sectional differences in sleep characteristics among Korean adults during a 9-year period of 2009-2018. Methods The data in this study were derived from two nationwide survey regarding sleep and headache in the representative sample of Korean adult population, namely the Korean Sleep Headache Study phase I (2009) and II (2018). The survey was conducted through door-to-door visit and face-to-face interview by using structured questionnaires. Total of 2,836 participants from Phase I (47.9±16.4 years old; female, 50.2%) and 2,501 participants (47.9±16.4 years old; female, 50.3%) from Phase II gave informed consents and completed the survey. For this study, we excluded those who worked as shift workers and missing data. From the MCTQ, we collected participants’ sleep schedule during workdays and free days over the past four weeks. Average sleep duration was a weighted mean of sleep duration on workdays and free days. Poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI &gt;5. Excessive daytime sleepiness and Depression are performed with ESS and PHQ-9, respectively. Results During the 9 years, average sleep duration decreased by 21 minutes, especially more reduction on free days (workday: 7:17±1:58 vs. 7:06±1:06, p &lt;0.001; free days 8:04±2:32 vs. 7:49±1:23, p &lt;0.001). People go to sleep and wake up earlier on workday (workday 23:39±1:50 vs. 23:25±1:30, p &lt;0.001; free days 23:51±2:11 vs. 23:25±2:11, p &lt;0.001), whereas they go to bed earlier and wake up later on free days compared to past (workday 6:52±1:36 vs. 6:37±1:11, p &lt;0.001; 7:42±2:04 vs. 7:49±1:42 p =0.023). Social jetlag was increased by 5 minutes (0:46±1:35 vs. 0:51±0:52, p =0.028). There was the difference of age on the habitual sleep-wake rhythm and sleep related symptoms. Also, short or long sleep duration was associated with a significant increase in each health outcomes. Conclusion Decreased sleep duration seems to be on the rise in the general adult population, which lead to a poor health status. Interventions to promote adequate sleep is urgently needed. Support (if any):

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