Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by Streptomyces sp. biofilms: Chemical composition and anticancer properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 126877
Author(s):  
Urrutia Homero ◽  
Gonzalo Tortella ◽  
E. Sandoval ◽  
Sergio A. Cuozzo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Anticancer Properties

scholarly journals Medicinally Important Herbal Flowers in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. A. Gunawardana ◽  
W. J. A. B. N. Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Medical Issues

Background. The plant kingdom is rich with a numerous number of plants with various medical properties which can be used to treat various medical issues. Sri Lanka is a country full of biodiversity which is gifted with many plant resources. It has a rich history of traditional medicine systems consisting of Ayurveda, Unani, and Deshiya Chikitsa, where these plant resources are used as remedies for the diseases. In the traditional medicine system, various plant parts such as leaves, roots, fruits, flowers, and bark are used to treat disease conditions. Although less attention is paid to the medicinal importance of the flowers, some of them have been used to treat many diseases from the ancient time. Some properties of the flowers may differ from the properties of the other plant parts. For example, Sesbania grandiflora (Katuru murunga) flowers have shown anticancer properties against various cell models whereas some flowers have shown antispermatogenic properties. Flowers of Woodfordia floribunda (Militta) are added as fermenting agents in the preparation of Arishtas in Ayurveda. Also the most popular Clove oil is obtained from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (Karabu-neti) which is used to treat toothaches since it has antibiotic and antiseptic properties. This article gives an overview of herbal flowers used in the traditional medicine system of Sri Lanka and their pharmacological importance. Method. A comprehensive literature survey was done on the medicinally important flowers in Sri Lanka. Data was collected from Libraries of Ayurveda in Sri Lanka and from scientific databases. Results. According to the survey many flowers are used as astringent, cardiac tonic, and febrifuge. Also some flowers are used to treat dysentery, diarrhoea, and indigestion. Some flowers are useful in the treatment of bleeding piles while some are useful in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. Conclusion. It was revealed that there are many flowers with valuable therapeutic effects. Traditional medicine systems prevailing in Sri Lanka have made use of these flowers with therapeutic effects to cure so many diseases. The review of medicinally important herbal flowers provides knowledge and pharmacological leads which will help for the wellbeing of the human beings. Although there are phytochemical studies done to identify the chemical compounds on some flowers, chemical composition of many flowers remains unrevealed. So further studies need to be done to identify the chemical composition of these flowers.

The role of eDNA in the formation of biofilm streamers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Secchi ◽  
Giovanna Savorana ◽  
Alessandra Vitale ◽  
Leo Eberl ◽  
Roberto Rusconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Structural Role ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

<p>Across many different habitats, bacteria are often found as sessile communities embedded in a self-secreted matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)  [1]. The biofilm matrix enhances bacterial resistance to harsh environmental conditions and antimicrobial treatments, and thus hinders our ability to remove detrimental biofilms in medical and industrial applications. Depending on the environmental conditions, biofilms can be found as tethered filaments suspended in flow, known as streamers [2], or surface-attached communities. Despite the importance of the matrix to biofilm survival, little is known about how environmental features shape its microstructure and chemical composition.</p> <p>Here, we show that a laminar flow of a diluted suspension of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> PA14 around a pillar can trigger the formation of suspended filamentous biofilm structures known as streamers and that extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays a fundamental structural role in streamer formation  [3]. We have developed a microfluidic setup that allows real time visualization of the formation of biofilm streamers and the investigation of their biochemical composition by means of lectins staining. Our experiments confirmed that this phenomenon is dominated by the interplay between the viscoelastic nature of EPS, which is extruded by local flow shear, and the secondary flow around the pillar, which promotes the growth of the filaments due to a filtration mechanism. By varying the composition of the biofilm matrix using mutant strains of PA14 and by applying targeted treatment with the enzyme DNase I, we could shed light on the structural role of the different biochemical components: eDNA is essential for streamers formation, while Pel, a positively charged exopolysaccharide which binds to eDNA  [4], affects the filament morphology. In addition, since in this geometry we can study freestanding biofilm filaments  [5], we could probe the shear-induced deformation of streamers to investigate their material properties and reveal that eDNA affects the elastic behaviour of the biofilm matrix, while the viscous behaviour is determine by the quantity of Pel. Finally, thanks to our mechanistic understanding of the interplay between streamers composition and microstructure, we could surprisingly promote streamers formation by adding sublethal concentration of an antibiotic commonly used to treat <em>P. aeruginosa</em> infections. In summary, using the experimental toolbox from biophysics to characterize the biofilm matrix, we could elucidate the relation between chemical composition and microstructure, use our understanding to control streamers formation and gain an insight on this biological system that could make an impact in the medical sector.</p> <p> </p> <p>[1]      H.-C. Flemming et al., Nat. Rev. Microbiol. <strong>14</strong>, 563 (2016).</p> <p>[2]      R. Rusconi, S. Lecuyer, L. Guglielmini, and H. A. Stone, J. R. Soc. Interface <strong>7</strong>, 1293 (2010).</p> <p>[3]      E. Secchi, G. Savorana, A. Vitale, L. Eberl, R. Rusconi, and R. Stocker, paper in preparation.</p> <p>[4]      L. K. Jennings et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. <strong>112</strong>, 11353 (2015).</p> <p>[5]      G. Savorana, R. Rusconi, A. Sartori, L. Heltai, R. Stocker, and E. Secchi, paper in preparation.</p>

Composition and molar mass characterisation of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances by using chemical, spectroscopic and fractionation techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Alasonati ◽  
Vera I. Slaveykova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Molar Mass Distribution ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Environmental contextExtracellular polymeric substances (EPS) released by microorganisms are an important component of organic matter in the environment. EPS play an essential role in cell adhesion to surfaces, biofilm and floc formation, soil aggregation and stability and in the activated sludge of waste water treatment plants. EPS are complex mixtures containing components of different chemical nature and molecular size, which make their characterisation difficult. The present work explores the link between chemical composition and molar-mass distribution of the EPS released by the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti by using a combination of chemical, spectroscopic and fractionation techniques. AbstractThe chemical composition and molar-mass distribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti have been characterised by combining asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AFlFFF), chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The relationship between the EPS composition and molar-mass distribution has been studied by comparing the characteristics of EPS excreted by the wild type S. meliloti and by a mutant deficient in the production of high-molar-mass EPS, as well as by the analysis of total protein content in the collected AFlFFF fractions. Total organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide contents of the EPS were also determined. Obtained results demonstrate the existence of two major populations with weight-average molar masses of 1.40 × 105 and 4.57 × 105 g mol–1 respectively. The lower molar-mass population contained predominantly protein-like substances, detectable by UV-VIS spectroscopy, whereas the higher molar-mass population was rich in exopolysaccharides and exoproteins. These findings are in general agreement with the size distributions and chemical heterogeneity observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the characterisation of the composition of all the EPS by different analytical techniques.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedicine: Recent Progress in Drug Delivery and Local Controlled Release

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rasouli ◽  
Seyedeh Farnaz Darghiasi ◽  
Seyed Morteza Naghib ◽  
Mehdi Rahmanian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Osteogenic Activity ◽  
Nano Structures

: As calcium phosphate micro/nano-structures (CPMNS) have been suggested, many protocols have been exploited to design new formulations. CPMNS are similar to bone mineral from the point of view of structure and chemical composition. Some of them such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) have been commercialized, and they demonstrated sufficient efficiency as hard tissue replacements for various purposes. Due to their biocompatibility, bioaccumulation, bioactivity, osteogenic activity, and anticancer properties as well as great resemblance to body organs such as bones, these substances are suitable options for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, recent advances of HAp applications in drug delivery for various diseases, such as cancer, bone disease, and tooth inflammation are reviewed. Also, their implementation for several kinds of drugs including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, growth factors and analgesics are investigated.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Potential Use of Propolis as a Multitarget Therapeutic Product: Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Composition, and Immunomodulatory, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Touzani ◽  
Walaa Embaslat ◽  
Hamada Imtara ◽  
Abdalsalam Kmail ◽  
Sleman Kadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Therapeutic Product ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Potential Use

Propolis is a resin that honeybees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from botanical sources. The present in vitro study investigated the potential use of propolis as a multitarget therapeutic product and the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of a propolis extract from the northern Morocco region (PNM). Pinocembrin, chrysin, and quercetin were the main phenolic compounds of PNM as measured in HPLC. The PNM showed significant inhibitory effects against all tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and showed high antioxidant activities by scavenging free radicals with IC50 (DPPH = 0.02, ABTS = 0.04, and FRAP = 0.04 mg/ml). In addition, PNM induced a dose-dependent cytostatic effect in MCF-7, HCT, and THP-1 cell lines at noncytotoxic concentrations with IC50 values of 479.22, 108.88, and 50.54 μg/ml, respectively. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was decreased in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), whereas the production of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased in a dose-dependent manner reaching 15-fold compared to the levels measured in untreated PBMNCs. Overall, the results showed that the traditionally known multitarget therapeutic properties of the PNM seem to be mediated, at least in part, through cytostatic, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects.

The EPS of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans - a model for structure-function relationships of attached bacteria and their physiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gehrke ◽  
R. Hallmann ◽  
K. Kinzler ◽  
W. Sand
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electrostatic Interaction ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Pyrite Surface ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Primary Attachment ◽  
Leaching Bacteria

To dissolve pyrite or sulphur, leaching bacteria like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans attach to these substrata by extracellular polymeric substances (specifically, lipopolysaccharides). The primary attachment to pyrite at pH 2 is mediated by exopolymer-complexed iron(III) ions in an electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged pyrite surface. Cells grown on sulphur exhibit a different composition of the extracellular lipopolysaccharides, namely with increased hydrophobic properties, and do not attach to pyrite. Thus, the cells adapt the chemical composition of their exopolymers to the substrate/substratum. It is concluded that the mechanism of bacterial pyrite oxidation is basically indirect. The actual corrosive agents are iron(III) ions. Preliminary data indicate that active strains complex more iron(III) ions in their EPS than less active ones. Obviously, the exopolymeric layer comprises a reaction space for the regeneration of these ions by the activity of the iron oxidising bacteria.

scholarly journals Composition and Corrosivity of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from The Hydrocarbon-Degrading Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens ALDC

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Irene A. Davidova ◽  
Tiffany R. Lenhart ◽  
Mark A. Nanny ◽  
Joseph M. Suflita
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pyranose Ring ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Hydrocarbon Substrates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) often exist as cell aggregates and in biofilms surrounded by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The chemical composition of EPSs may facilitate hydrophobic substrate biodegradation and promote microbial influenced corrosion (MIC). Although EPSs from non-hydrocarbon-degrading SRB have been studied; the chemical composition of EPSs from hydrocarbon-degrading SRBs has not been reported. The isolated EPSs from the sulfate-reducing alkane-degrading bacterium Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens ALDC was characterized with scanning and fluorescent microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and by colorimetric chemical assays. Specific fluorescent staining and 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the fundamental chemical structure of the EPS produced by D. alkanexedens is composed of pyranose polysaccharide and cyclopentanone in a 2:1 ratio. NMR analyses indicated that the pyranose ring structure is bonded by 1,4 connections with the cyclopentanone directly bonded to one pyranose ring. The presence of cyclopentanone presumably increases the hydrophobicity of the EPS that may facilitate the accessibility of hydrocarbon substrates to aggregating cells or cells in a biofilm. Weight loss and iron dissolution experiments demonstrated that the EPS did not contribute to the corrosivity of D. alkanexedens cells.

scholarly journals Biological soil crusts on initial soils: organic carbon dynamics and chemistry under temperate climatic conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 851-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dümig ◽  
M. Veste ◽  
F. Hagedorn ◽  
T. Fischer ◽  
P. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Northeastern Germany

Abstract. Numerous studies have been carried out on the community structure and diversity of biological soil crusts (BSCs) as well as their important functions on ecosystem processes. However, the amount of BSC-derived organic carbon (OC) input into soils and its chemical composition under natural conditions has rarely been investigated. In this study, different development stages of algae- and moss-dominated BSCs were investigated on a~natural (<17 yr old BSCs) and experimental sand dune (<4 yr old BSCs) in northeastern Germany. We determined the OC accumulation in BSC-layers and the BSC-derived OC input into the underlying substrates for bulk materials and fractions <63 μm. The chemical composition of OC was characterized by applying solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and analysis of the carbohydrate-C signature.14C contents were used to assess the origin and dynamic of OC in BSCs and underlying substrates. Our results indicated a rapid BSC establishment and development from algae- to moss-dominated BSCs within only 4 yr under this temperate climate. The distribution of BSC types was presumably controlled by the surface stability according to the position in the slope. We found no evidence that soil properties influenced the BSC distribution on both sand dunes. 14C contents clearly indicated the existence of two OC pools in BSCs and substrates, recent BSC-derived OC and lignite-derived "old" OC (biologically refractory). The input of recent BSC-derived OC strongly decreased the mean residence time of total OC. The downward translocation of OC into the underlying substrates was only found for moss-dominated BSCs at the natural sand dune which may accelerate soil formation at these spots. BSC-derived OC mainly comprised O-alkyl C (carbohydrate-C) and to a lesser extent also alkyl C and N-alkyl C in varying compositions. Accumulation of alkyl C was only detected in BSCs at the experimental dune which may induce a~lower water solubility of BSC-derived extracellular polymeric substances when compared to BSCs at the natural sand dune indicating that hydrological effects of BSCs on soils depend on the chemical composition of the extracellular polymeric substances.

scholarly journals Study of Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties of bioAgNPs Synthesized Using Streptomyces sp. PBD-311B and the Application of bioAgNP-CNC/Alg as an Antibacterial Hydrogel Film against P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 and MRSA

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6414
Author(s):  
Hemalatha Murugaiah ◽  
Chow Lun Teh ◽  
Kai Chew Loh ◽  
Ahmad Ramli Mohamad Yahya ◽  
Nur Asshifa Md Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Hydrogel Film ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Here, we report the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and determination of their antibacterial and anticancer properties. We also explore the efficacy of bioAgNPs incorporated in cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and alginate (Alg) for the formation of an antibacterial hydrogel film. Streptomyces sp. PBD-311B was used for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized bioAgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Then, the bioAgNPs’ antibacterial and anticancer properties were determined using TEMA and cytotoxicity analysis. To form the antibacterial hydrogel film, bioAgNPs were mixed with a CNC and Alg solution and further characterized using FTIR analysis and a disc diffusion test. The average size of the synthesized bioAgNPs is around 69 ± 2 nm with a spherical shape. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of silver nanocrystals. FTIR analysis showed the presence of protein capping at the bioAgNP surface and could be attributed to the extracellular protein binding to bioAgNPs. The MIC value of bioAgNPs against P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 and MRSA was 6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the bioAgNPs displayed cytotoxicity effects against cancer cells (DBTRG-0.5MG and MCF-7) and showed minimal effects against normal cells (SVG-p12 and MCF-10A), conferring selective toxicity. Interestingly, the bioAgNPs still exhibited inhibition activity when incorporated into CNC/Alg, which implies that the hydrogel film has antibacterial properties. It was also found that bioAgNP-CNC/Alg displayed a minimal or slow release of bioAgNPs owing to the intermolecular interaction and the hydrogel’s properties. Overall, bioAgNP-CNC/Alg is a promising antibacterial hydrogel film that showed inhibition against the pathogenic bacteria P. aeruginosa and MRSA and its application can be further evaluated for the inhibition of cancer cells. It showed benefits for surgical resection of a tumor to avoid post-operative wound infection and tumor recurrence at the surgical site.

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