scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of Minthostachys verticillata essential oil and limonene against Streptococcus uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana D. Montironi ◽  
Laura N. Cariddi ◽  
Elina B. Reinoso
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

scholarly journals Influence of nutrient availability on in vitro growth of major bovine mastitis pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Remo Stürmlin ◽  
Josef J. Gross ◽  
Olga Wellnitz ◽  
Lea A. Wagner ◽  
Camille Monney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of milk composition changes on the in vitro growth of bovine mastitis pathogens. Nutritional requirements of three major bovine mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) were investigated in vitro. We used ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk with different contents of fat, protein, and carbohydrates to test the influence of the availability of various milk constituents on pathogen growth characteristics. Additionally, the bacterial growth was investigated under experimentally modified nutrient availability by dilution and subsequent supplementation with individual nutrients (carbohydrates, different nitrogen sources, minerals, and different types of B vitamins) either to milk or to a conventional medium (thioglycolate broth, TB). Varying contents of fat, protein or lactose did not affect bacterial growth with the exception of growth of S. uberis being promoted in protein-enriched milk. The addition of nutrients to diluted whole milk and TB partly revealed different effects, indicating that there are media-specific growth limiting factors after dilution. Supplementation of minerals to diluted milk did not affect growth rates of all studied bacteria. Bacterial growth in diluted whole milk was decreased by the addition of high concentrations of amino acids in S. aureus, and by urea and additional B vitamins in E. coli and S. aureus. The growth rate of S. uberis was increased by the addition of B vitamins to diluted whole milk. The present results demonstrate that growth-limiting nutrients differ among pathogen types. Because reduced bacterial growth was only shown in diluted milk or TB, it is unlikely that alterations in nutrient availability occurring as a consequence of physiological changes of milk composition in the cow's udder would directly affect the susceptibility or course of bovine mastitis.

Antimicrobial Essential Oil Combinations to Combat Foot Odour

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (09/10) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ané Orchard ◽  
Alvaro Viljoen ◽  
Sandy van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

AbstractFoot odour (bromodosis) is an embarrassing and perplexing condition mostly caused by bacteria of the Brevibacterium species. Essential oils are a credible option as an affordable treatment of odour and contribute towards antimicrobial efficacy. Therefore, this study sets out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil combinations against odour-causing bacteria. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 119 essential oil combinations, and the fractional inhibitory index was calculated to determine the interactive profile. Combinations that resulted in synergy in 1 : 1 ratios were further evaluated in different concentrations, and isobolograms were plotted to determine the influence of the ratio on overall activity. Numerous combinations could be identified as having synergistic interactions against the Brevibacterium spp. and no antagonism was observed. The combination of Juniperus virginiana (juniper) and Styrax benzoin (benzoin) demonstrated synergy against all three Brevibacterium spp. tested and J. virginiana was the essential oil responsible for the majority of the synergistic interactions. The results reported here confirm the promising potential of the majority of these oils and selected combinations in treating and controlling bromodosis.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and virulence genes in Streptococcus uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ambrósio Loures ◽  
Ulisses De Pádua Pereira ◽  
Glei Dos Anjos de Carvalho-Castro ◽  
Gláucia Frasnelli Mian ◽  
Dircéia Aparecida da Costa Custódio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Intensively Managed

Mastitis is one of the most common and costly infectious diseases in dairy cattle worldwide. This is a multifactorial illness caused by different microorganisms, including virus, yeasts, algae, parasites, and several species of bacteria. Among these bacteria, Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen that is responsible for a large range of clinical and subclinical mammary infections, especially in intensively managed herds. Despite the increasing importance of this pathogen in the etiology of bovine mastitis, data on its virulence and diversity in Brazilian dairy herds are scarce. The aims of the present study were to investigate the virulence characteristics of S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis and to assess the molecular epidemiology of the Brazilian isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In this work, 46 strains of S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis from 26 Brazilian dairy herds were evaluated regarding their genetic diversity by PFGE using with the SmaI enzyme. Additionally, the presence of the virulence genes skc and pauA, which encode plasminogen activators, and the gene sua, which encodes an adhesion molecule in mammary epithelial cells, were assessed by PCR. Our results showed a high genetic diversity in the population, displaying many different patterns in the PFGE analysis. A high proportion of strains was positive for virulence genes in the sampled population (sua [100%], pauA [91%], and skc [91%]). The high frequency of skc, pauA, and sua genes among the studied strains suggests the importance of these virulence factors, possibly helping S. uberis in the colonization of the bovine mammary gland. Surveys of the genetic and molecular characteristics of this pathogen can improve our knowledge of bacterial activity and identify molecules that have roles in the establishment of the infection. This might help in the development of more effective measures to control and prevent bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial effect of palm oils rich in medium-chain fatty acids against mastitis-causing Gram-positive bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Klára Laloučková ◽  
Lucie Malá ◽  
Paula Slaničková ◽  
Eva Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Various pathogens causing mastitis in dairy cattle are of serious concern due to their increasing antibacterial resistance and potential transmission to other cows, calves, and the environment, especially through the milking process. Therefore, alternative approaches to antimicrobial usage in the treatment or control of mastitis in dairy cattle are severely needed. The antibacterial effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) is known to be significant for various pathogens, but there is only limited information about the activity of MCFAs on mastitis-causing pathogens. Moreover, no evidence about the antimicrobial effects of palm oils rich in MCFAs, such as coconut, palm kernel, and tucuma oil, can be found in the current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of palm oils rich in MCFAs, after cleavage by an exogenous lipase from Mucor javanicus, on bovine mastitis-causing strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis) by the broth microdilution method. All tested palm oils exerted antibacterial activity against eight tested bacterial strains in the range of 64–8192 µl/ml with Str. agalactiae being the most sensitive and S. aureus being the most resistant species. The results of the present study demonstrate that palm oils rich in MCFAs can serve as an alternative to the predominantly used predip and postdip procedures in bovine mastitis control, but further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the findings for their possible applications.

scholarly journals Sequence Types and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Streptococcus uberis Isolated From Bovine Mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Käppeli ◽  
Marina Morach ◽  
Katrin Zurfluh ◽  
Sabrina Corti ◽  
Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Sequence Types

Evaluating the Antimicrobial Efficacy of White Mustard Essential Oil Alone and in Combination with Thymol and Carvacrol Against Salmonella

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2038-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN ADAM PORTER ◽  
EMEFA ANGELICA MONU
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Mustard Essential Oil

ABSTRACT It is estimated that nontyphoidal Salmonella causes approximately 1 million illnesses and 378 deaths per year in the United States. Reduction of Salmonella-related foodborne infections can be achieved through application of food antimicrobials. Essential oils in combination with other antimicrobials can be added to food products to reduce the levels of the organism below the infectious dose for healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of white mustard essential oil (WMEO) against serovars of Salmonella and its potential to be used with carvacrol or thymol to control Salmonella. Results showed that WMEO at the highest concentration of 0.84% (v/v) compared with the positive control had approximately a 6- to 7-log reduction for all serovars. It was found that no difference in susceptibility existed among the serovars tested (P > 0.05). In addition, the MICs were determined to be 0.5, 0.02, and 0.02% for WMEO, carvacrol, and thymol, respectively, against Salmonella Typhimurium. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was calculated. A score of 1 indicated an additive effect occurred when WMEO was combined with thymol or carvacrol. Combining WMEO with carvacrol or thymol indicated that the concentration of individual essential oils needed to inhibit Salmonella can be reduced using these combinations and warrants further study to determine potential use in controlling Salmonella in commercial food products. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Technical note: Development of multiplex PCR assays for the molecular characterization of Streptococcus uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 915-921
Author(s):  
Dario Calonzi ◽  
Alicia Romano ◽  
Valentina Monistero ◽  
Paolo Moroni ◽  
Mario Vittorio Luini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Pcr Assays

scholarly journals Characterization of the Bacteriophage-Derived Endolysins PlySs2 and PlySs9 with In Vitro Lytic Activity against Bovine Mastitis Streptococcus uberis

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Niels Vander Elst ◽  
Sara B. Linden ◽  
Rob Lavigne ◽  
Evelyne Meyer ◽  
Yves Briers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Therapeutic Measure ◽  
Cell Wall Binding ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Major Loss

Bovine mastitis, an infection of the cow’s mammary gland, is frequently caused by Streptococcus uberis and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. The intramammary administration of antibiotics currently remains the predominant preventive and therapeutic measure. These antimicrobial compounds, of which some are considered critical in human health care, are frequently applied as dry therapy resulting in their consistent overuse. Therefore, the use of antibiotics in the dairy sector is being questioned. We here identified two endolysins, i.e., PlySs2 and PlySs9, respectively derived from Streptococcus suis serotype-2 and -9 prophages, with lytic activity against S. uberis in an in vitro setting. Both endolysins gave clear lysis zones in spot-on-plate assays and caused a reduction of the optical density in a turbidity reduction assay. In depth characterization identified PlySs9 as the more potent endolysin over PlySs2 with a lower MIC value and about one additional log of killing. PlySs2 and PlySs9 were challenged to a panel of subclinical and clinical S. uberis milk isolates and were both able to lyse all strains tested. Molecular dissection of these endolysins in catalytic and cell wall binding subdomains resulted in major loss of killing and binding activity, respectively. Taken together, we here propose PlySs2 and PlySs9 as candidate compounds to the current antimicrobial arsenal known against bovine mastitis-causing S. uberis as future add-on or replacement strategy to the currently used intramammary antibiotics.

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