Freedom and Child Rearing: Critic of Parenting Practices from a New Perspective

Migrant families who settle in host cultures may find themselves in situations of vulnerability which hinder the exercise of their parental responsibilities. While there are many support programs targeted at these families, they are n ot always sensitive to the acculturation process. This article compares beliefs about child-rearing and development in Spain and Peru, with the aim of enabling interventions to be adapted to the cultural characteristics of Peruvian families living in Spain. To this end, 43 Spanish and 39 Peruvian professionals and parents participated in a Delphi process, in which they ranked issues corresponding to four topics: child and adolescent needs, functions of the family context, functions of the school context, and the value of childhood and adolescence for society. The results revealed many similarities and some differences between the cultural parenting knowledge of Spanish and Peruvian families. The implications of these results for adapting parenting support programs to migrant Peruvian families are discussed. Specifically, the article concludes that Peruvian families require special support in two areas: establishing rules and limits for children and parental involvement in the school, both of which are key aspects for promoting parenting practices which are better adapted to the families’ new cultural context.

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Filipino Parenting in the USA

Psychology and Developing Societies ◽

10.1177/0971333617716848 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 264-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aileen S. Garcia ◽

Maria Rosario T. de Guzman

Keyword(s):

Parenting Practices ◽

Host Community ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Immigrant Parents ◽

Parenting Beliefs ◽

Beliefs And Practices ◽

Continuity And Change ◽

Qualitative Research Design ◽

The Usa ◽

Filipino Culture

Migration entails complex transformations in family functioning and dynamics, especially when traditional parenting beliefs and practices are not consistent with mainstream norms in the host country. Whereas some culturally embedded parenting beliefs might persist even after migration, others may acculturate or shift to align with child-rearing norms in the host community. Using a qualitative research design with elements of indigenous Filipino psychology ( Sikolohiyang Pilipino), this study explored parenting experiences and beliefs of Filipino immigrant parents in the USA, with a specific lens towards examining continuity and change in traditional parenting practices. Results suggest that participants strongly maintain many aspects of traditional Filipino parenting, including teaching Filipino culture and values, employing Filipino parenting practices, observing Filipino traditions, establishing the child’s identity and maintaining a Filipino household. Findings were situated in the context of the research site, the complexities of the acculturation process and the potential challenges of negotiating cultural differences in parenting beliefs and practices.

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Self-reported maternal expectations and child-rearing practices

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025412456145 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 35-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Elif S. Durgel ◽

Fons J. R. van de Vijver ◽

Bilge Yagmurlu

Keyword(s):

Parenting Practices ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Educational Background ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Child Centered ◽

Majority Groups ◽

Maternal Expectations ◽

Developmental Expectations ◽

Turkish Mothers

This study aimed at: (1) disentangling the associations between ethnicity, immigration, educational background, and mothers’ developmental expectations and (self-reported) child-rearing practices; and (2) identifying the cross-cultural differences and similarities in developmental expectations and child-rearing practices. Participants were 111 Dutch and 111 Turkish immigrant mothers in the Netherlands, and 242 Turkish mothers living in Turkey. Dutch and higher-educated mothers had a tendency to believe that children learn certain skills and behaviors at an earlier age than did Turkish and lower-educated mothers, respectively. Turkish mothers, majority group, and higher-educated mothers reported more child-centered parenting practices than Dutch mothers, immigrants, and mothers with less education, respectively. Parent-centered parenting practices were reported mainly by less educated mothers. The analyses on disentangling the associations between sociodemographic background variables and parenting pointed to the relative importance and consistency of maternal education as a predictor of parenting, compared to ethnic background and immigration history. It is concluded that disentangling variables that are often associated with studies comparing immigrant and majority groups is essential for a proper understanding of similarities and differences in developmental expectations and child-rearing practices.

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Emotional distress and its care in empowered indigenous women exposed to domestic violence and the demands of child rearing

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

Leticia Vega ◽

Rafael Gutiérrez ◽

Patricia Fuentes de Iturbe ◽

Eva Ma. Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Emotional Distress ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Effective Means ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Marital Violence ◽

Indigenous Women ◽

Gender Violence ◽

Child Rearing

Introduction. Indigenous girls and women in Mexico suffer emotional distress due to marital violence and adherence to gender roles. They are unlikely to denounce violence or treat their health in a timely manner. Women can cope with their distress by participating in empowerment processes. Objective. Describe in indigenous empowered women the emotional distress caused by domestic violence in their childhood and the current demands of raising their children and the actions they take to cope with them. Method. Qualitative and phenomenological qualitative research, in-depth interviews, and participant observation were conducted with nine migrant indigenous women to explore experiences during their upbringing, emotional reactions, and current mental health problems. Results. The software Atlas. ti V 7 was used to undertake a theoretical categorization of the data. Findings included exposure to violence, the influence of a good mother, and past and present emotional distress overcome through empowerment and professional care. Discussion and conclusion. Participating in urban empowerment activities enables participants to reflect on the violence experienced and the attendant distress, identify them as gender violence, and use them in their favor. They are strategic when coping with current distress due to the conflictive upbringing of their children, using psychological services and the urban upbringing prescriptions of children’s rights, and incorporating indigenous parenting practices, which encourage community commitment, responsibility, and early self-sufficiency in children. Empowerment is suggested as an effective means of improving the health of indigenous women in Mexico.

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Family upbringing styles and methods vs youth propensity for aggression

Education & Self Development ◽

10.26907/esd.16.3.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 375-397

Author(s):

Natalya Kalatskaya ◽

◽

Roza Valeeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Family Education ◽

Education Practice ◽

Cognitive Readiness ◽

Interpersonal Behaviors ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

College Educated

The study of the propensity of young people to react aggressively (readiness for aggression) is relevant because it affects everyone and is the cause of many disasters, crimes, and the growth of aggressive behavior of young people, which are reflected in the statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Scientists are trying to identify the reasons, factors contributing to the manifestation of aggressive forms of behavior among young people. However, no Russian research was found in which the influence of parenting practices (styles of education, methods of education) on the development of readiness for aggression among young people was studied in a comprehensive manner. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of family education practice on the development of readiness for aggression among young people. The experiment involved 237 people aged 18-24, who were randomly selected. Of these, 110 were girls and 127 were boys. All respondents were from complete families. The survey was carried out using the following methods: ‘The interpersonal behaviors inventory’, ‘Retrospective inventory of child rearing practices’, ‘Retrospective questionnaire of parenting styles’. The authors identified what forms of readiness for aggression are expressed among Russian youth, as well as gender characteristics. Emotional-Impulsive Readiness was found for girls and Habitual- Cognitive Readiness for boys. Mothers are perceived by young people as being more democratic while fathers, in the opinion of their children, used more often authoritarian and liberal (dismissive) parenting styles. The results of the study showed that mothers most often used positive and punitive parenting methods. College-educated fathers used positive parenting methods. The results obtained will be of interest for specialists working with families.

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Empowerment or alienation: Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers’ perception of mobile media in constructing their social role and facilitating parenting practices in the US

Mobile Media & Communication ◽

10.1177/2050157918763981 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 390-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoon-Joo Lee ◽

Huan Chen

Keyword(s):

Parenting Practices ◽

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽

Social Role ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Korean Immigrant ◽

Mobile Media ◽

Immigrant Mothers ◽

The Us ◽

Symbolic Meanings ◽

Korean Immigrant Mothers

Previous studies have investigated how Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers adjust to life in the US in order to understand their lives and help them to adapt to the new culture. Based on acculturation and mobile media theories, this study explores particularly how Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers’ child-rearing practices in the US are mediated by mobile media. Guided by the theoretical framework of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), we conducted 16 in-depth interviews with Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers. Findings reveal that while going through the acculturation process, Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers attempt to play the traditional social role of mother as defined in their home countries when utilizing mobile media in their new home. Mobile media have symbolic meanings of empowerment and can be used as tools to deal with prejudice in the host country. This study also suggests that mobile media may mediate Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers’ acculturation processes when adopting different types of acculturation strategies (e.g., integration or separation). Implications for practice and future studies are further discussed.

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Parenting Styles Influencing Personality Development of Catering Students

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0401.099 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arulsubila, M ◽

Dr. Subasree, R

Keyword(s):

Parenting Style ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Parental Attitudes ◽

Personality Development ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Parent Child Relationship ◽

The Relationship ◽

Adolescent Personality

Family is the main pillar of child’s personality development. Elements of family life such as parenting style and parental attitudes profoundly affect the psychosocial and personality development of adolescents. Parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in child rearing. The quality of the relationship between parents and children are considered as the determining factor of adjustment, interpersonal interaction. Psychological and emotional atmosphere dominant on the family form the behavioral and personality characteristics of children. (Sarmast, 2006). Identity and personality formation during adolescence is profoundly influenced by the dyadic parent–child relationship. When parenting is dysfunctional, internalization and continuity of parental values become problematic. Various studies indicate that one of the most effective factors on the development and formation of adolescent personality is their parent’s parenting practices. (Belsky & Barrendz 2008; Prinzich et. al. 2004). The present study investigates two dimensions of parental style, “Care & overprotection” on adolescent personality. Personality development Index by K.V. Kaliappan & S. Karithikeyan and parental bonding instrument by Gordon Parker, Hilary Tupling are the tools used. The relationship and outcome of each dimension of parenting style will be discussed with personality of adolescent. SPSS package will be used for statistical analysis.

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PRESCHOOL CHILD’S MOTHER’S PARENTING PRACTICES AND ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT WITH CHILD’S DIGITALLY-BASED ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO CHILD’S PROSOCIAL OR PROBLEMATIC BEHAVIOR

SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference ◽

10.17770/sie2018vol1.3237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 163-173

Author(s):

Anika Miltuze ◽

Sandra Beatrice Sebre ◽

Veronika Vedeņejeva

Keyword(s):

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Behavior Ratings ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Strengths And Difficulties ◽

Parent Child Relationships

The aim of this research was to examine preschool children’s prosocial behavior as well as internalizing and externalizing problems in relation to their mothers’ parenting practices and active involvement with their child in the use of various digital technologies (television, computer, telephone, play stations), time spent and content of the child’s activities. Participating in the research were the mothers of 120 preschool children, aged 5 – 6 years old, 50 girls and 70 boys. Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), prosocial behavior scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997), Block‘s Child Rearing Practices Report (Block, 1981), as adapted by Aunolo and Nurmi (Aunola & Nurmi, 2004) and also answered questions regarding the child’s time spent with digital technologies, the content of their activity (drawing, puzzles, games, etc.), and the mother’s degree of active involvement with her child during these activities. Results showed that mother’s active involvement with child’s digitally-based activity was associated with emotionally warm parenting, as well as with higher child’s prosocial behavior ratings. Regression analysis showed that lover mother’s involvement and punishment orientation in parenting was predictive of externalizing behavior ratings for boys. Results are discussed in relation to practical implications for parent-child relationships.

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Authoritative and Authoritarian Parenting Practices and Social and School Performance in Chinese Children

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1080/016502597384703 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 855-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 231

Author(s):

Xinyin Chen ◽

Qi Dong ◽

Hong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Social Competence ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Peer Acceptance ◽

Peer Assessment ◽

School Adjustment ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Authoritarian Parenting

The purpose of the study was to examine the relations between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles and social and school adjustment in Chinese children. A sample of second grade children, aged eight years, and their parents in Beijing, People’s Republic of China, participated in this study. The children were group administered a peer assessment measure of social behaviour and a sociometric nomination measure. Teachers completed a rating scale on school-related social competence and problems for each child. Data concerning child-rearing practices were obtained from parents. In addition, information on children’s academic and social competence was obtained from school records. It was found that authoritarian parenting was associated positively with aggression and negatively with peer acceptance, sociability-competence, distinguished studentship and school academic achievement. In contrast, parental authoritative style was associated positively with indices of social and school adjustment and negatively with adjustment problems. The results indicated that, inconsistent with the argument in the literature (e.g. Steinberg, Dornbusch, & Brown, 1992), authoritative and authoritarian parenting practices were relevant to social and academic performance in Chinese children.

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Maternal Drug Use, Personality, Child-Rearing Practices, and Toddlers' Sadness

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3.912 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 912-914 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Judith S. Brook ◽

Li-Jung Tseng

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Maternal Alcohol ◽

Maternal Parenting ◽

Maternal Drug Use ◽

Interpersonal Difficulty

We investigated the influence of maternal drug use/personality attributes and child-rearing on 2-yr.-olds' sadness. The sample consisted of 62 girls and 53 boys and their mothers. Analysis showed maternal parenting practices served as a mediator for the effect of the mothers' personalities on the children's feelings of sadness. Moreover, the mothers' personality traits of low interpersonal difficulty, anxiety, and depression were important in enhancing low maternal alcohol or illegal drug use, leading to less sadness in the children.

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