Recovery efficiency of applied and residual nitrogen fertilizer in tomatoes grown on sandy soils using the 15N technique

The relative effectiveness of broadcasting compared with band-placement of phosphorus (P) fertilisers (0–480 kg P/ha) was compared using potatoes grown on P-deficient sandy soils over 2 seasons in Western Australia (Karrakatta sand in 1993, experiment 1; and Spearwood sand in 1996, experiment 2). The maximum yield of potatoes when P fertiliser was broadcast and incorporated to 20–25 cm before planting (broadcast) was 17 t/ha higher than when P was placed in 2 bands 5 cm to the side of and below seed piece level (banded) in experiment 1, and 13 t/ha higher in experiment 2. However, higher rates of applied P were required to reach 99% of maximum yield on the broadcast compared with the banded plots in both years (i.e. 174 v. 134 kg/ha in experiment 1, and 279 v. 125 kg/ha in experiment 2). Despite the lower levels of applied P required to achieve maximum yield in the banding treatment, banding P fertiliser for potatoes grown on Karrakatta and Spearwood sands would result in significant economic loss. The higher yield in the broadcast treatment corresponded with significantly (P<0.001) higher P concentrations (about 2-fold) in petioles of youngest fully expanded leaves from 56 to 131 days after sowing. When tubers were 10 mm long, the petiole P concentrations corresponding with 95 and 99% of maximum yield were 1.13 and 1.28%, respectively, for the broadcast P treatments in experiment 1, and 0.95 and 1.11% in experiment 2. The reduced yield in the banded treatments was assumed to be due to P fertiliser toxicity in the soil and not P toxicity in the plant tissue. Phosphorus uptake by tubers was significantly (P<0.001) higher (about 2-fold) when P was broadcast rather than banded, especially at high levels of applied P. Phosphorus recovery efficiency by tubers (P uptake by tubers/P applied, both in kg/ha) was higher when P was broadcast rather than banded, particularly at high levels of applied P (e.g. at 480 kg applied P/ha, recovery efficiency was 0.07 in the broadcast treatment compared with 0.03 in the banded treatment). These results show that, for growers to avoid significant economic loss, broadcast applications of P fertilisers should continue to be recommended for potatoes grown on the low P-fixing, sandy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain.

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Impact of Opened, Non Opened Pollination and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Sesame Production in the Reclaimed Lands, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/v10298-012-0093-7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 57-68

Author(s):

A.E.H. Blal ◽

S.M. Kamel ◽

H.M. Mahfouz ◽

M. Said

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Insect Pollination ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Pass Through ◽

Quantitative Indicators ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Levels

Abstract The research was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Suez Canal, during the sesame growing seasons of 2011 and 2012. For studying the impact of insect pollination and nitrogen fertilization on sesame production, the experiment was divided to 13 treatments of open pollination and non open pollination, with three different levels of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and one level of seryalin as biofertilizer. Non opened pollination treatments were covered before the start of flowering period with a perforated net bag, to allow the air to pass through and to prevent insects from approaching the plants. Quantitative and qualitative indicators, were measured as follows: rate of capsule per plant, capsule weight, rate of seeds in each capsule, weight of 1000 seeds, germination (%), seedlings vigour and oil content (%). Results clearly demonstrate that qualitative and quantitative indicators of sesame crop was significantly increased with opened pollination and with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level up to 40 kg N/feedan-1 plus or minus seryalin, in reclaimed sandy soils, in Ismailia, Egypt.

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Residual Nitrogen Contributions from Grain Legumes to the Growth and Development of Succeeding Maize Crop

ISRN Agronomy ◽

10.5402/2012/213729 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. A. Adeleke ◽

I. M. Haruna

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Residual Nitrogen ◽

Four Levels ◽

Growth Characters

Field experiment was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research Farm at Samaru, Nigeria in 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons to investigate the residual nitrogen contributions by four legume crops (soyabean, cowpea, lablab, and groundnut) to the growth and development of succeeding maize given four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha−1). In 2008, the treatments consisted of four legumes, maize and a fallow period. The six treatments were laid out using randomized complete block design replicated four times. In 2009, maize crop was planted on the previous crops’ plots and fallow. The experimental design used was split-plot with previous legumes, maize, or fallow as main plots, and the four nitrogen fertilizer treatments as subplots. Results obtained showed that nitrogen availability in the top soils of the previous legumes and fallow compared with that of maize plot was increased by 250, 200, 170, 107 and 157% after lablab, groundnut, cowpea, soyabean and fallow, respectively. Maize grown on previous lablab plot significantly recorded higher growth characters compared with maize following other legumes and fallow. Growth of maize was highest with the application of lower rates of nitrogen after lablab and groundnut compared with maize after maize.

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1029 PREDICTING IN-SEASON NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRIGATED POTATOES USING NITRATE SAPTESTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.575g ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 575g-576

Author(s):

Carl J. Rosen ◽

Mohamed Errebhi

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Management Practice ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Growing Season ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Nitrate Losses ◽

Important Concern ◽

Final Yield ◽

Nitrogen Rates

Applying appropriate rates of nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season for potatoes on irrigated sandy soils is an important concern from both a production and environmental standpoint. Although potatoes on sandy soils are responsive to nitrogen fertilizer, high rates of nitrogen applied early in the growing season have been associated with nitrate leaching due to unpredictable rainfall. Use of lower nitrogen rates applied more frequently through the season is one strategy to minimize nitrate losses and improve nitrogen use efficiency. Portable nitrate electrodes were used to measure nitrate concentrations in petiole sap. Diagnostic criteria based on final yield and nitrate sap concentrations at various growth stages were developed over a three year period. This rapid test can now be used to make an immediate assessment of nitrogen status of the plant and a prediction for whether supplemental nitrogen will be needed. On-farm trials are currently being carried out to demonstrate the use of the saptest as a best management practice.

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Evaluation of winter wheat management practices under semi-arid conditions

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-001 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. P. Lafond

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Growing Season ◽

Late Season ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Residual Nitrogen ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Growing Season Precipitation

A study was conducted to evaluate European cereal management techniques in winter wheat under semi-arid growing conditions. Combinations of rates and split applications of ammonium nitrate fertilizer with a plant growth regulator and/or a late season fungicide application were investigated using no-till "stubbled-in" production practices in two winter wheat cultivars, Norwin and Norstar at two locations over 3 yr. Nitrogen fertilizer gave the maximum yield when it was applied in mid-April. Split applications of nitrogen did not improve grain yields or grain protein concentration. A height reduction was observed with the use of plant growth regulators in both cultivars but no benefits were incurred due to the lack of lodging. The late season fungicide application had some effect on increasing kernel weight in both cultivars but rarely translated into a higher yield. Nitrogen and growing conditions had the largest effects on yield and the dilemma faced by producers is to correctly match nitrogen rates with environmental conditions given that the nitrogen has to be applied early in the spring. Available spring soil moisture and soil residual nitrogen provided little help in determining the rate of nitrogen giving the maximum economic yield because assumptions on growing season precipitation have to be made. It is suggested that nitrogen management be based on a risk analysis which would involve determining the probability of different levels of growing season precipitation for various climatic zones and soil types and the corresponding yield levels expected. Rates of nitrogen fertilizer would then be adjusted according to soil residual nitrogen levels and the risk the producer is willing to assume. This will require more extensive research and development of crop production models.Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Triticum aestivum L., intensive cereal management, propiconazole, chlormequat chloride, ethephon

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CHANGES AND SIGNIFICANCE IN NATURAL 15N ABUNDANCE IN RESIDUAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER STUDIES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss81-064 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 553-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. E. KARAMANOS ◽

D. A. RENNIE

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Plant Material ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Isotopic Dilution ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Soil Columns ◽

Residual Nitrogen ◽

Quantitative Estimates ◽

Fertilizer Material ◽

15N Abundance

The systematic decline in δa15N (per mill 15N excess) of plant material with application of fertilizer under field conditions was verified in a growth chamber experiment with soil columns. The δa15N of NO3−-N in the zones of the high NO3−-N accululation was lower than that of the soil-derived NO3−-N but not necessarily lower than the δa15N of the fertilizer material as was the case in previously reported field experiments. Calculation of the fate of the fertilizer N based on the principle of isotopic dilution provided semi-quantitative estimates of the added N found in the plant, the soil, and the leachate.

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