Nanopore structures, surface morphology, and adsorption capacity of tabah bamboo-activated carbons

Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) regression, a generalization of multiple linear regression, is used to model two datasets (40 observed data points each) of adsorption removal of three pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), of different therapeutic classes and physical–chemical properties (carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole), from six real secondary effluents collected from wastewater treatment plants onto different powdered activated carbons (PACs). For the PLS regression, 25 descriptors were considered: 7 descriptors related to the PhCs properties, 10 descriptors related to the wastewaters properties (8 related to the organic matrix and 2 to the inorganic matrix), and 8 descriptors related to the PACs properties. This modelling approach showed good descriptive capability, showing that hydrophobic PhC-PAC interactions play the major role in the adsorption process, with the solvation energy and log Kow being the most suitable descriptors. The results also stress the importance of the competition effects of water dissolved organic matter (DOM), namely of its slightly hydrophobic compounds impacting the adsorption capacity or its charged hydrophilic compounds impacting the short-term adsorption, while the water inorganic matrix only appears to impact PAC adsorption capacity and not the short-term adsorption. For the pool of PACs tested, the results point to the BET area as a good descriptor of the PAC capacity, while the short-term adsorption kinetics appears to be better related to its supermicropore volume and density. The improvement in these PAC properties should be regarded as a way of refining their performance. The correlations obtained, involving the impact of water, PhC and PAC-related descriptors, show the existence of complex interactions that a univariate analysis is not sufficient to describe.

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Dysprosium Removal from Water Using Active Carbons Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground

10.20944/preprints201908.0076.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lorena Alcaraz ◽

María Esther Escudero ◽

Francisco J. Alguacil ◽

Irene Llorente ◽

Ana Urbieta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Chemical Study ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Microporous Material ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Spent Coffee Ground ◽

Coffee Ground

This paper describes the physico-chemical study of the adsorption of dysprosium (Dy3+) in aqueous solution onto two types of activated carbons synthesized from spent coffee ground. KOH activated carbon is a microporous material with a specific BET surface area of 2330 m2·g-1 and pores with a diameter of 3.2 nm. Carbon activated with water vapor and N2 is a solid mesoporous, with pores of 5.7 nm in diameter and a specific surface of 982 m2·g-1. A significant dependence of the adsorption capacity on the solution pH was found, while it does not depend significantly neither on the dysprosium concentration nor on the temperature. A maximum adsorption capacity of 31.26 mg·g-1 and 33.52 mg·g-1 for the chemically and physically activated carbons, respectively, were found. In both cases, the results obtained from adsorption isotherms and kinetic study were better fit to a Langmuir model and a pseudo-second-order kinetics. In addition, thermodynamic results indicate that dysprosium adsorption onto both activated carbons is an exothermic, spontaneous and favorable process.

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Optimization of Production Conditions for Activated Carbons from Rice Husk by Potassium Carbonate Using Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.303 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1053 ◽

pp. 303-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mian Wu Meng ◽

Cong Liang Qi ◽

Qing Ye Liu ◽

Liang Lv ◽

Hao Ai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Response Surface ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Average Pore ◽

Activation Temperature ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherm

A three-factor-three-level experiment was developed by the central composite design (CCD) and Response surface methodology to discuss the effects of concentration of K2CO3, activation temperature and time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) derived from the rice husk and to identify the key preparation parameters. The performance of the AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The optimal parameters were obtained: Rice husk was soaked in K2CO3 solution (2.32 mol/L) with an impregnation ratio (rice husk: K2CO3=1:3) (wt. %), activated at 1239 K for 0.48 h. The results showed that iodine adsorption capacity of the AC was 1268.52 mg/g, the error between the models predicted (1356.98 mg/g) was only 6.2%. The AC has a large apparent surface area (SBET = 1312 m2/g), total pore volume (0.78 cm3/g) and average pore diameter (11.92 Å).

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Pinecone-Derived Activated Carbons as an Effective Medium for Hydrogen Storage

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13092237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2237

Author(s):

Sara Stelitano ◽

Giuseppe Conte ◽

Alfonso Policicchio ◽

Alfredo Aloise ◽

Giovanni Desiderio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Hydrogen Adsorption ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry

Pinecones, a common biomass waste, has an interesting composition in terms of cellulose and lignine content that makes them excellent precursors in various activated carbon production processes. The synthesized, nanostructured, activated carbon materials show textural properties, a high specific surface area, and a large volume of micropores, which are all features that make them suitable for various applications ranging from the purification of water to energy storage. Amongst them, a very interesting application is hydrogen storage. For this purpose, activated carbon from pinecones were prepared using chemical activation with different KOH/precursor ratios, and their hydrogen adsorption capacity was evaluated at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) at pressures of up to 80 bar using a Sievert’s type volumetric apparatus. Regarding the comprehensive characterization of the samples’ textural properties, the measurement of the surface area was carried out using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, the chemical composition was investigated using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, and the topography and long-range order was estimated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The hydrogen adsorption properties of the activated carbon samples were measured and then fitted using the Langmuir/ Töth isotherm model to estimate the adsorption capacity at higher pressures. The results showed that chemical activation induced the formation of an optimal pore size distribution for hydrogen adsorption centered at about 0.5 nm and the proportion of micropore volume was higher than 50%, which resulted in an adsorption capacity of 5.5 wt% at 77 K and 80 bar; this was an increase of as much as 150% relative to the one predicted by the Chahine rule.

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Influence of doping nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus on activated carbons for gas adsorption of H2, CH4 and CO2

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra06620h ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (55) ◽

pp. 50138-50143 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. Li ◽

W. B. Li ◽

J. S. Shi ◽

F. W. Xin

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Gas Adsorption ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Porous Carbons

Heteroatoms doped porous carbons were synthesized with different acids as catalysts and heteroatoms source. Heteroatoms doping enhances gas adsorption capacity.

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Adsorption of Soluble Metal Ions from Red Mud by Modified Activated Carbon

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1541 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 368-372 ◽

pp. 1541-1544 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hua Lei Zhou ◽

Dong Yan Li ◽

Guo Zhuo Gong ◽

Ya Jun Tian ◽

Yun Fa Chen

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Red Mud ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Valuable Metal ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Alumina Industry ◽

Modified Activated Carbons ◽

Almost All

Activated carbon was employed as the adsorption carrier for the metal ions in HCl solution of red mud, a solid waste produced in alumina industry. To improve the adsorption capacity to valuable metal ions, the activated carbon was modified by chemicals including HNO3, H2O2, H2SO4, H3PO4, NH3, Na2CO3, and tri-butyl phosphate (TBP). It was found that the modifications contributed the high adsorption capacity to almost all metal ions we focused on. In the case of TBP, remarkably higher adsorption capacity and selectivity of Sc3+ was observed. The correlation between the surface areas, IR spectra of those chemically modified activated carbons and adsorption was schemed.

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Oxygen-Functionalized Mesoporous Activated Carbons Derived from Casein and Their Superior CO2 Adsorption Capacity at Both Low- and High-Pressure Regimes

ACS Applied Nano Materials ◽

10.1021/acsanm.9b00059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 1604-1613 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gurwinder Singh ◽

Kripal S. Lakhi ◽

CI Sathish ◽

Kavitha Ramadass ◽

Jae-Hun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Co2 Adsorption ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Co2 Adsorption Capacity

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Electiveness of agro-pulping process in the sustainable production of black liquor-based activated carbons

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.190173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 190173

Author(s):

Vivian F. Lotfy ◽

Altaf H. Basta

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Black Liquor ◽

Paper Pulp ◽

Scanning Electron Micrograph ◽

Pulp Fibres ◽

Ft Ir ◽

By Products ◽

Mb Adsorption

During the production of paper pulp, the waste water loaded with organic materials from pulping process is discharged. Therefore, water treatment should be performed before disposing of such effluent. The use of such effluent for production of activated carbon will be effective in omitting the wastewater treatment and in obtaining the product required in many industries. In this respect, this paper deals with evaluating the performance of activated carbons (ACs) produced from black liquors (BLs) as by-products from three pulping processes of rice straw (RS) and sugar-cane bagasse (SCB), namely: alkaline, sulfite and neutral sulfite, which are coded SP, SSP and NSP, respectively. Elemental analysis and thermal analysis (TGA and DTGA) are carried out on the BLs, while the surface area ( S BET ), micro-/mesoporous distribution, adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I 2 -value), as well as Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) are studied on synthesizing ACs. The optimal pulping approach for achieving BL-based AC, with the following characteristics: specific surface area ( S BET ) ∼ 921 and 545 m 2 g −1 , MB adsorption capacity 238 and 370 mg g −1 , and I 2 -value 928 and 1255 mg g −1 of BL-based ACs, are from neutral sulfite pulping of SCB (B-NSP) and RS (RS-NSP), respectively. These finding data are ascribed to the carbon content of BL, as well as greatest total volume ( V T 0.786 and 0.701 cm 3 g −1 ) together with decreasing the volume of micropores/total (38 and 48%) of BL-NSP-ACs. It is interesting to note that the AC provided from RS-NSP has greater adsorption capacity for I 2 and MB than the AC produced from RS-pulp fibres.

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Characterization and comparison of walnut shells-based activated carbons and their adsorptive properties

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1177/0263617420946524 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (9-10) ◽

pp. 450-463

Author(s):

Xiya Li ◽

Jieqiong Qiu ◽

Yiqi Hu ◽

Xiaoyuan Ren ◽

Lu He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Low Cost ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Activation Process ◽

Walnut Shells ◽

Adsorption Desorption

The production of low-cost biologically activated carbons (BACs) is urgent need of environmental protection and ecological sustainability. Hence, walnut shells were treated by traditional pyrolysis, direct KOH impregnation and combined activation composed of hydrothermal carbonization and two-step H3PO4- and pyrolysis-activation process to obtain porous carbon with high adsorption capacity. It was found that the best adsorption capacity for iodine and organic dye methylene blue (MB) can be obtained using the KOH impregnation at impregnation ratio of 1:1 or combined activation comprising of 2 h H3PO4 activation and 1 h pyrolysis activation at 1000°C. The produced KOH, H3PO4/pyrolysis activated BACs at the optimum conditions are superior to that of commercial ACs, 9.4 and 1.3 times for MB removal, 4 and 4.5 times for iodine number respectively. Characterization results demonstrated their porous structure with very good textural properties such as high BET surface area (1689.1 m2/g, 1545.3 m2/g) and high total pore volume (0.94 cm3/g, 0.96 cm3/g). The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of H3PO4/pyrolysis activated hydrochar suggested the co-existence of micro and meso-pores. Moreover, they are more effective for the removal of Fe(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution than the commercial AC, suggesting a promising application in the field of water treatment.

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Dysprosium Removal from Water Using Active Carbons Obtained from Spent Coffee Ground

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9101372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lorena Alcaraz ◽

María Esther Escudero ◽

Francisco José Alguacil ◽

Irene Llorente ◽

Ana Urbieta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Microporous Material ◽

Spent Coffee Ground ◽

Coffee Ground ◽

Pseudo Second Order

This paper describes the physicochemical study of the adsorption of dysprosium (Dy3+) in aqueous solution onto two types of activated carbons synthesized from spent coffee ground. Potassium hydroxide (KOH)-activated carbon is a microporous material with a specific Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 2330 m2·g−1 and pores with a diameter of 3.2 nm. Carbon activated with water vapor and N2 is a solid mesoporous, with pores of 5.7 nm in diameter and a specific surface of 982 m2·g−1. A significant dependence of the adsorption capacity on the solution pH was found, but it does not significantly depend on the dysprosium concentration nor on the temperature. A maximum adsorption capacity of 31.26 mg·g−1 and 33.52 mg·g−1 for the chemically and physically activated carbons, respectively, were found. In both cases, the results obtained from adsorption isotherms and kinetic study were better a fit to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. In addition, thermodynamic results indicate that dysprosium adsorption onto both activated carbons is an exothermic, spontaneous, and favorable process.

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