Understanding the contributing factors to young driver crashes: a comparison of crash profiles of three age groups

Compared to other age groups, young novice drivers have a higher risk of being involved in road crashes. Recent research has indicated that, depending on certain passenger and driver characteristics, passengers can have either a positive or negative influence on driver behaviour and also that the principles of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training might be beneficial in addressing some of the problems associated with young driver behaviour when in the presence of passengers. This paper describes a program of research that was undertaken in order to investigate the potential application of CRM training principles within young driver training programs in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), a jurisdiction located in South-East Australia. The findings indicate that the application of CRM principles within young driver training is a viable concept to pursue, and that such interventions have the potential to significantly enhance the positive, and reduce the negative effects of passengers on young driver behaviour. In conclusion to this research, a set of recommendations for the development of an ACT-based trial young driver CRM training program are proposed, and recommendations for further research regarding CRM and driver training are discussed.

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A study on prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with overweight and obesity in adolescents and young adults, Nizamabad city

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3861

Author(s):

G. Chethan Raj ◽

Syam Sundar Junapudi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Age Group ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population

Background: The overall imbalance between unhealthy diet intake and physical activity leads to obesity which contributes to high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It is multi factorial disease and changes in the levels of blood pressure and blood lipids differ by age sex and race and are influenced by body fat and dietary patterns. These risk factors need to be monitored and evaluated in childhood and adolescents. So identifying and modifying the risk factors in early age reduces the incidence in adolescents and adult. Prevalence of hypertension varies across countries and states. The prevalence of hypertension in India is reported as ranging from 10 to 30.9%. The objective of the present study is to observe the prevalence hypertension among study population and to study contributing factors for hypertension among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study done on 100 adolescents and young adults of both sexes in the age group 17 to 25 years from 2 degree colleges randomly selected in Nizamabad city, Telangana, India.Results: In the present study population 52 were males and 48 were females, 22 students belongs to rural area and 78 belongs to urban area, pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 8% in both age groups. Overweight and obesity (>25) was found 7% in 17-19 age group and 9% in 20-25 age group. Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found among 10% of alcoholics.Conclusions: The result of our study concluded that there is increasing prevalence of hypertension with increase in age and is associated with overweight and obesity.

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Time spent being malnourished during the first five years of life! An unseen aspect of child malnutrition

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/0049475518786857 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 283-288

Author(s):

Pavan Pandey ◽

Sneha Jain ◽

Ashish Parihar ◽

Arushi Sharma

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Severe Malnutrition ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Growth Charts ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Community Based ◽

Comprehensive Strategy ◽

Development Scheme ◽

Study Participants

The burden of malnutrition is often estimated in terms of ‘prevalence’ without considering two important contributing factors: incidence and duration. To illustrate this, we conducted a community-based retrospective cohort study involving 24,278 children enrolled in an integrated child development scheme in India. Anthropometric data of study participants from birth to five years of age were collected from the growth charts maintained by Anganwadi workers. Of all the growth charts reviewed, 1460 (6.0%) children died before their fifth birthday and 4013 (16.5%) were excluded after initial screening because either the growth chart was incomplete (4.8%) or had missing entries (11.7%). Of the remaining 20,265 children included in the study, in the first five years of their life, 35.6% suffered from exclusive moderate malnourishment and 9.4% from severe malnourishment. The most common age groups for the onset of moderate and severe malnutrition were 9–11 months and 12–15 months, respectively. The mode, median and mean duration of time spent by children being severely underweight was 3, 7 and 8.4 months respectively, and being moderately underweight was 8, 11 and 15.1 months, respectively. Thus, a comprehensive strategy for preventing the onset of malnutrition (both moderate and severe) among children is urgently needed.

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The etiology of erectile dysfunction and contributing factors in different age groups in Turkey

International Journal of Urology ◽

10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00837.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 525-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

TURHAN CASKURLU ◽

ALI IHSAN TASCI ◽

SEFA RESIM ◽

TAYFUN SAHINKANAT ◽

ERBIL ERGENEKON

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Age Groups ◽

Contributing Factors

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Dental caries and its association with present day dietary patterns: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181737 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 2138

Author(s):

Vaibhav Munjal ◽

Puneet Singh Talwar ◽

Jagjit Singh ◽

Mandeep Kumar ◽

Ramandeep Gambhir

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Age Groups ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with diet being one of the contributing factors. The influence of vegetarianism on the development of caries has scarcely been investigated in the past. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the association of dental caries with frequency of sugar exposures and vegetarian / mixed diet.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 2500 school children of 12 and 15 years age groups selected on the basis of simple random sampling from different schools of the city. Dental caries was recorded using Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth index (WHO modification, 1997) and correlated with the different dietary variables. Subjects were also segregated on the basis of diet: vegetarian and mixed. Statistical analysis was done using Student t-test and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient.Results: The prevalence of dental caries in the 12 and 15 year age group of subjects consuming mixed diet was 83.36% and 86.47% respectively. It was lower in case of subjects on vegetarian diet. The correlation between DMFS and TSE, FSE and AMSE was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) in the 12 year age-group. In the 15 year age-group the correlation of DMFS with TSE and LSE was also found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in dental caries status among subjects in both the groups (vegetarian and mixed). However, there was significant association between sugar exposures and dental caries among subjects of both the age-groups.

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Lifetime Prevalence of Upper-body Musculoskeletal Problems in a Professional-level Symphony Orchestra: Age, Gender, and Instrument-specific Results

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2007.3022 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

Antonio M Abréu-Ramos ◽

William F Micheo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Symphony Orchestra ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Gender ◽

Upper Body ◽

Left Shoulder ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Symphonic Orchestra ◽

Musculoskeletal Problems ◽

History Of

Instrumentalists are at risk to develop upper-body musculoskeletal problems (MSKPs). Identified risk factors include age, gender, instrument played, joint laxity, and poor technique or posture. In this study, we established the prevalence of MSKPs that affect the ability to play an instrument in the population of a professional-level symphonic orchestra and the relation of these problems to gender, age, and instrument. The members of the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra were recruited voluntarily. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographics, instrument played, and history of MSKP severe enough to affect their playing ability. Questions also covered alleviating and aggravating factors, upper-body areas involved, type of symptoms, and type of treatment sought. After the questionnaire was completed, all players underwent a neuromusculoskeletal upper-body examination. Of the 75 musicians participating, 81.3% reported having had an MSKP that affected their ability to play. Of these, 83.6% reported their MSKP was directly associated to playing. Females were more commonly affected, 87.5% vs. 79.7% for males. Lower-body strings (cello, bass) players and percussionists (93.3% and 100%, respectively) and younger (22-29 yrs) and older (50-61 yrs) populations (83.3% and 90.9%, respectively) reported more MSKPs. These age groups played more hours per week (28.7 and 32.0 hrs, respectively). In all groups, low back pain was the most common complaint, present in 75.4% of those with MSKPs. Upper-body strings (violin, viola) players also reported neck and left shoulder problems. Contributing factors include hours of exposure and technical expertise. Female gender, age, and instrument played were found to be risk factors for developing MSKPs in this population.

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Identifying Fatality Risk Factors for the Commercial Vehicle Driver Population

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119843479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (9) ◽

pp. 297-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mouyid Islam ◽

Seckin Ozkul

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Heavy Vehicles ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Fatal Crash ◽

Fatal Crashes ◽

System Data ◽

The U.S

Commercial/large-truck fatal crash involvement by drivers of different age groups is a critical issue for the trucking industry. Escalating safety concerns related to these heavy vehicles serving the freight economy in the U.S. have an impact national freight reliability and economic growth. This study identifies major contributing factors leading to large-truck fatal crashes for four age groups of driver: <30, 30–49, 50–65, and 65+. The analysis in this study is based on five years (2012–2016) of Fatality Analysis Reporting System data and provides an overall picture of risk factors in large-truck fatal crashes. In total, 30 variables were found to be significant in the logit models, indicating varying risks associated with large-truck drivers of these four age groups. Model results indicate different risk factors associated with driver characteristics, spatial and temporal characteristics, vehicle and vehicle maneuvering characteristics, and environmental conditions at the time of the crashes. Identifying the risk factors for different age groups of drivers is important so proper countermeasures can be implemented from the perspective of human factors (e.g., safe speed choice, fatigue), roadway engineering (e.g., design of roadside barriers, radius of ramps), enforcement (e.g., presence of law enforcement personnel at critical locations), and emergency medical attention in remote areas. Considering the aging of the truck driver population in the U.S. and around the world, the findings of this study are vital to understand better the importance of safety in relation to large-truck fatal crashes.

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Study of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adolescent Females (10-18 years old) In Cairo

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa052.049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

R M Botros ◽

Y M Eid ◽

B M Mostafa ◽

Y H E Elmeligy

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Large Scale ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Adolescent Females ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Deficient Group

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem among Egyptian females across all age groups, for whom contributing factors include inadequate sun exposure possibly related to cultural/social factors, and insufficient dietary calcium, wearing a sunscreen reduces vitamin D synthesis in the skin by more than 95%. Not only environmental factors, such as sun exposure and nutrition, but also genetic and possibly also epigenetic factors are determinants of serum 25(OH) D. Aim We sought to determine the frequency of occurrence of vit D deficiency in Egyptian adolescent females aged 10-18 years in Cairo. Methods Study was conducted on 90 healthy adult females aged (10-18) years and classified them into: Sufficient group: with vitamin D level >30ng/ml, (40%) of participants. Mild deficient group: with vitamin D level between 21-29ng/ml (14.44%) of participants. Moderate deficient group: with vitamin D level between 10-20ng/ml (11.11%) of participants. Severe deficient group: with vitamin D level <10ng/ml (34.44%) of participants. Results Our study showed a high prevalence of low vitamin D level among healthy adolescent females aged (10-18) years old. There were a significant difference On comparing vitamin D status groups as regard vitamin D rich food intake, duration of sun exposure and height for age (p < 0.001), (p < 0.001) and (p = 0.012) respectively. There were significant difference on comparing vit D status groups with s.Ca, PTH and Alk.Ph (p < 0.001). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency became endemic in Egypt. Large-scale studies are needed to properly evaluate the size of the problem.

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A syphilis outbreak in remote Australia: epidemiology and strategies for control

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268804002882 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 132 (5) ◽

pp. 805-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. B. MAK ◽

G. H. JOHNSON ◽

A. J. PLANT

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Age Groups ◽

Health Service Delivery ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Indigenous Australians ◽

Health Staff ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Community Knowledge ◽

Sexually Transmitted

This paper describes the epidemiology of a syphilis outbreak in remote Australia, and explores contributing factors and control strategies. Between 1 August 2000 and 31 January 2002, 74 cases of early syphilis (42 female, 32 male) were identified in 73 Kimberley residents. Syphilis rates in age groups 10–19 and 20–29 years were 583 and 439 per 100000 person years respectively. Factors contributing to the outbreak included incompleteness of sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinical management, untimely contact tracing, staffing and management issues, and poor community knowledge about STIs. Outbreak control strategies addressed factors that could be influenced by changes in health service delivery, and focused on providing education and support to health staff, and efforts to increase community knowledge about sexual health. Although some improvements have occurred, the outbreak is still continuing. Until open and honest discussion and a collaborative approach is taken toward STI problems affecting Indigenous Australians, outbreaks such as this will continue to occur.

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Opportunities and challenges for enhancing of preconception health care among reproductive age groups of women in Mekele, Tigray Ethiopia 2018/9.

10.21203/rs.2.14904/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

abera haftu melkamu ◽

brhane G/her G/mikael ◽

hadgay hagos adanu ◽

mhiret-ab mehari reda ◽

kahsay zenebe G/selasie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preconception Care ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Health Extension Workers ◽

Future Health ◽

Care Services

Abstract Background Preconception care involves in preventing and detecting of early disease before pregnancy occurred and has potential benefit both for the mother and her fetus. It prevents plenty of perinatal complications and now a days well organized and systematic preconception care services is mandatory for all reproductive age groups.Objective To explore opportunities and challenges for enhancing preconception care in Mekele, Tigray Ethiopia 2018/9.Method s: Phenomenology study design was employed and sample size was determined by saturation of data. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit study participants and method of data collection was in-depth interview. Thematic analysis was applied and it was done by atlas ti 7 software. Audios were transcribed first and translated to English version, then after codes and families were given and finally themes were developed.Result In this study a total of ten reproductive age group females were interviewed and their minimum and maximum age were 24&43 years respectively. Opportunities and challenges were explored from the participants’ perception; they explained that health extension workers, previous experience, family planning (condom) and friend’s incident were among contributing factors for enhancing of preconception care and in the counterpart carelessness, less awareness, unplanned pregnancy, unwillingness and poor paternal coordination were the challenges mentioned by the respondents which were recognized as obstacles not to attend preconception care. They explained that again failure to attend preconception care may end up with complicated perinatal outcome like anemia, abortion, hypertension, neural tube defect, preterm labor and low birth weight.Conclusion and recommendation overall the participants had poor awareness and little experience of preconception care. Preconception is overlooked and less attention is given based on the respondents thought, though it has invaluable contribution in future health of both the mother and fetus. The health system should gave emphasis to prevent those maternal and neonatal complication by mobilizing both the community members and health professionals.

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