Osteochondrosis of the elbow joint in finishing pigs from three herds: Associations among different types of joint changes and between osteochondrosis and growth rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Erika Busch ◽  
Henrik Wachmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Different Types

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Vapor Condensation on Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donguk Suh ◽  
Kenji Yasuoka ◽  
Xiao Cheng Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Silicon Nanotubes ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Different Types

Vapor condensation on silicon nanotubes has been simulated by classical molecular dynamics to understand how the nucleation and condensation process for pores is affected. Two different nanotube aspect ratios were examined to see if there are growth rate changes. The rate for the two different types of nanotubes did not show significant variation meaning that the aspect ratio is an insignificant factor to enhance condensation. This result is consistent with previous nanorod studies. The supersaturated vapor gathered both inside and outside of the tube. Unlike the growth rate, however, the occurrence of homogeneous nucleation was hindered contrary to other basic geometries in previous studies.

scholarly journals Production Phase Affects the Bioaerosol Microbial Composition and Functional Potential in Swine Confinement Buildings

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglin Yan ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhendong Guo ◽  
Hongfu Zhang ◽  
Jingbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Swine Confinement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Swine Feces ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Bioaerosols from swine confinement buildings (SCBs) pose a challenge to public health,and microorganisms within the SCBs bioaerosols originate from swine feces, of which the microbialcomposition is associated with the production phase. The present study adopted the wholemetagenome shotgun sequencing approach, to assess the effects of the production phase on thecomposition and functional potential of microbial populations in SCBs bioaerosols. Most annotatedproteins were assigned into domain bacteria, within which the predominant phylum was Firmicutes.The taxonomical profiles of bioaerosols from different types of piggeries showed that buildingshousing weaning piglets (WP) exhibited higher abundances of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria thanbuildings housing finishing pigs (FP), gestating sows (GS), farrowing sows (FS), and breeding boars(BB). Regarding the functional potential, the WP bioaerosol had more genes involved in the proteinturnover and fewer genes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism than bioaerosols from othertypes of SCBs. Furthermore, production phase influenced the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)profile of the SCBs bioaerosols. Bioaerosol microbiome of BB, shared a high similarity with GS, andWP bioaerosol microbiome was more similar to FP than other types of SCBs. Our study suggeststhat the production phase plays a key role in the SCBs bioaerosol microbiome.

The nutritive value of extruded and raw peas for growing and finishing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.V. O’Doherty ◽  
U. Keady
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to determine the nutritive value of extruded or raw peas (Pisum sativum as an energy and protein supplement for pigs of 33 to 100 kg live weight. Experiment 1 determined the effects of extrusion on the nutrient apparent digestibility of peas when included at 200 g and 400 g/kg in the diet. In experiment 2, performance was determined in individually fed pigs (no. = 70) offered diets ad libitum including a control (no peas, T1), 200 g/kg raw peas (T2), 400 g/kg raw peas (T3), 200 g/kg extruded peas (T4), 400g/kg extruded peas (T5). The peas were extruded at 120°С for 30 s. All diets were formulated to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and total lysine. There was a significant interaction effect (P < 0·05) between level of peas and extrusion on the digestibility of the organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), energy and the DE content of the peas. The inclusion of 400 g/kg raw peas led to a lower estimated digestibility of OM (P < 0·001), N (P < 0·001), gross energy (P < 0·05) and DE content (P < 0·05) of the peas compared with the 200 g/kg peas. However, there was no difference (P > 0·05) between the digestibility of the 200 and 400 g/kg peas when the peas were extruded. In experiment 2, there was a significant interaction (P < 0·05) between the level of peas in the diet and extrusion. As the level of raw peas increased from 200 to 400g/kg, growth rate decreased (P < 0·01) and food conversion ratio (FCR) increased (P < 0·01). However, as the level of extruded peas was increased from 200 to 400g/ kg, there was no difference in either growth rate or FCR. It is concluded that extrusion of peas improved the nutrient digestibility and improved overall gain and FCR of the pigs.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Feasibility ofMicrocystis aeruginosaas a Feedstock for Bioethanol Production under the Influence of Various Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Moon Geon Lee ◽  
Hyo Jin Seo ◽  
Jin Hyuk Shin ◽  
Tai Sun Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Different Types

Microcystis aeruginosa, a freshwater microalga, is capable of producing and accumulating different types of sugars in its biomass which make it a good feedstock for bioethanol production. Present study aims to investigate the effect of different factors increasing growth rate and carbohydrates productivity ofM. aeruginosa. MF media (modified BG11 media) and additional ingredients such as aminolevulinic acid (2 mM), lysine (2.28 mM), alanine (1 mM), and Naphthalene acetic acid (1 mM) as cytokine promotedM. aeruginosagrowth and sugar contents.Salmonellashowed growth-assisting effect onM. aeruginosa. Enhanced growth rate and carbohydrates contents were observed inM. aeruginosaculture grown at 25°C under red LED light of 90 μmolm−2s−1intensity. More greenish and carbohydrates richM. aeruginosabiomass was prepared (final OD660 nm= 2.21 and sugar contents 10.39 mM/mL) as compared to control (maximum OD660 nm= 1.4 and sugar contents 3 mM/mL). The final algae biomass was converted to algae juice through a specific pretreatment method. The resulted algae Juice was used as a substrate in fermentation process. Highest yield of bioethanol (50 mM/mL) was detected whenBrettanomyces custersainus,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, andPichia stipitiswere used in combinations for fermentation process as compared to their individual fermentation. The results indicated the influence of different factors on the growth rate and carbohydrates productivity ofM. aeruginosaand its feasibility as a feedstock for fermentative ethanol production.

Aspects of Estimating Zooplankton Production from Phytoplankton Production

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth Rate ◽  
Zooplankton Production

Primary productivity and zooplankton data from Ocean Station P are used to compare estimates of phytoplankton and herbivore production calculated on the assumption of continuous grazing by the animals with estimates obtained on the assumption of three different types of nocturnal grazing. Effective plant production, that corrected for the effects of grazing on the size of the phytoplankton stock and hence on the magnitude of the plant respiratory loss, was less than the measured production and was least under the assumption of continuous grazing. The small differences in effective production resulting from the choice of different grazing schemes resulted in large differences in estimates of secondary production. The relative effect of assuming different grazing schemes on the estimate of secondary production varied markedly with zooplankton respiration and with the phytoplankton growth rate.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

CANADIAN WILTSHIRE BACON: VI. QUANTITATIVE BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PRODUCT

1940 ◽  
Vol 18d (5) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Initial Load ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visible Growth ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Surface counts of bacteria on the ribs of bacon showed that nutrient agar containing 4% salt incubated at 20 °C. gave the maximum number. In sampling the surface of a side of bacon, it was found that the removal of the surface layer of tissue yielded more accurate values than methods based on the removal of organisms by swabs or filter paper impressions.On the average, the bacterial load on the anterior ribs was greater than on the posterior ribs. Although there were significant differences in the number of bacteria on sides from the same plant, the greatest variation was between sides from different plants.A visible growth of bacteria or "slime" becomes evident on the average when the logarithm of the number of organisms per sq. cm. exceeds 7.2. Nevertheless, certain sides may appear slimy at log 6.7 per sq. cm., while others will not show this condition at log 8.0 per sq. cm. This variation in the number of organisms present at the visible slime level may result from differences in the flora, different types of growth of the same organism, or variability in the method of detection.The number of bacteria on the side was found to be correlated with the age of the sides from cure or from packing. The growth rate is slow during the first 8 to 10 days from packing, after which it increases. Sides having an initial load of 100,000 organisms per sq. cm. at packing may be expected to remain free from slime for 20 to 25 days, if stored at 1.1 °C. No correlation was obtained between the number of bacteria in the curing pickle and the number on the product.

Comparisons of Tracheostomy Incisions in a Pediatric Model

1985 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Fry ◽  
Newton D. Fischer ◽  
Raleigh O. Jones ◽  
Harold C. Pillsbury
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vertical Slit ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tracheal Disease ◽  
Different Response

Tracheostomy in children causes approximately twice the mortality and morbidity as in the adult. The occurrence of complications correlates closely with the severity of the preoperative tracheal disease, the length of time the tracheostomy is needed, and the age of the patient. Morbidity documented in the postoperative period includes tracheal stenosis and collapsible anterior tracheal wall. The increased incidence of these problems in the pediatric patient may be related to the less rigid nature of the younger cartilage or to partial arrest of the normal tracheal growth rate, and may be aggravated by the style of tracheal incision used. Our study utilized weanling male ferrets in an effort to evaluate the possibly different response of growing, less resilient cartilage to different types of tracheal incision. Animals were randomized into three groups based on the type of incision used: inferiorly based trapdoor, vertical slit, or horizontal H. Endoscopic, radiographic, and airflow studies, as well as cross-sectional areas, were compared on all animals surviving tracheal cannulation for eight days and subsequent decannulation for seven days. Recommendations for pediatric tracheal incision are made on the basis of these studies.

FEATURES OF THE GROWTH DYNAMICS, EXTERIOR, AND FEED PAYMENT OF ABERDEEN-ANGUS CALVES OF DIFFERENT BODY TYPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
A.F. SHEVKHUZHEV ◽  
◽  
V.A. POGODAEV
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Young Calf ◽  
Large Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Meat Productivity

The purpose of this work was to establish the features of growth, appearance, and feed costs as related to the increase in live weight in Aberdeen-Angus calves obtained from bulls of different body types. To conduct the experiment in the company LLC “Hammer” of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, 14 calf bulls were selected in each group from the offspring of 4 large calf bulls and 3 small calf bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed. The fathers of the first group of young calf bulls had a higher level of live weight as compared to the fathers of the second group of calf bulls (by 80 kg). Their differed from their counterparts as being high-legged, less broad-bodied and having different massive characteristics. The mothers of the calf bulls of the first group also had a higher live weight (by 49 kg) as compared to the mothers of the calf bulls of the second group. The differences in constitution between them were nsignificant. The results of research on intensive rearing of different types from weaning to 18 months of age showed that calves originating from large-type bulls surpassed their counterparts obtained from the bulls of a small type of meat productivity. This distinction is primarily expressed in a greater growth rate and better feed gain in live weight. At the age of 18, calа bulls from large-type parents reached a mass of 442 kg, and those obtained from the small-type ones – 413 kg. These differences are statistically significant (P > 0.99) for the period from weaning to one and a half years of age. Calа bulls originating from large-type bulls spent 8.1 ECU per 1 kg of gain, and those originating from small-type bulls – 8.4 ECU.

Welfare of finishing pigs after mixing in kennelled or unkennelled accommodation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
H.A.M. Spoolder ◽  
S. Corning ◽  
S.A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Different Types

The Codes of Recommendation for the Welfare of Livestock (pigs) recommends “Pigs should be kept in stable groups with as little mixing as possible”. In practice, mixing can not always be avoided, particularly towards the end of the finishing period. The present study investigated welfare aspects of mixing finishing pigs in two different types of accommodation.A total of 240 finishing pigs (weight: 29.0 kg, SD=2.6 kg), housed in groups of ten, were subjected to a 2 x 4 factorial designed study. The factors were housing (two treatments) and mixing / moving (four treatments). The mixing treatments were applied at 55 and 75 kg average group weight, by either mixing half the group with half the pigs from another group in a pen unknown to both groups (MIX), or moving the pigs to a new pen (MOVE). The four mixing treatments therefore were: A (control). MOVE at 55 and 75 kg, B: MIX at 55 and MOVE at 75 kg, C: MOVE at 55 and MIX at 75 kg and D: MIX at 55 and 75 kg. The housing treatments were: scrape-through dunging area with strawed kennel (KEN) and strawed sloping floor without kennel (NO). Agonistic behaviour was recorded during the first two hours after MIX or MOVE, of four focal pigs in each group.

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