Relationships between ruminal dry matter and starch disappearance and apparent digestibility of barley grain

AbstractThe effect of intake level during the milk-feeding period and dietary protein content during the post-weaning period on performance, weight of components of the digestive tract and carcass and non-carcass chemical composition was investigated in 28 Churra lambs. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used with two intake levels during the milk-feeding period (Lmilk: 0·9 and Hmilk: 1·5 MJ gross energy per kg M0·75 daily) and two concentrate supplements (Lprotein:barley grain and Hprotein: barley grain plus 200 g/kg fish meal) during the post-weaningperiod. After selecting an initial slaughter group of four 2-day-old lambs, 12 lambs were assigned randomly to each of two intake levels during a 4-week milk-feeding period and given food individually. Four lambs from each intake level were slaughtered at weaning (30 days old) and the remaining 16 were weaned between 30 and 49 days old (weaning period). Eight lambs from each nutritional regimen during the milk-feeding period were further divided into two equal groups and given food individually ad libitum with hay and the post-weaning concentrate, according to the experimental design until thefinal slaughter weight (20 kg) (post-weaning period). Lmitk lambs showed a capacity to grow as well as the Hmilk during the weaning and post-weaning period and there were no differences (P > 0·05) in dry-matter intake and food conversion ratio among treatments. Before weaning, the weight of the reticulo-rumen was not affected by the intake level during the milk-feeding period. The most affected component of the gastrointestinal tract was the small intestine as proportion of the digestive tract which was lower in Lmilk lambs (P < 0·05). At 20 kg live weight, the relative size of the reticulo-rumen was greater (P < 0·01) and the abomasum (P < 0·05) and large intestine (P < 0·01) were smaller in lambs which were given the Hprotein concentrate after weaning. The organic matter apparent digestibility (OMD, P < 0·05) and crude protein apparent digestibility (CPD, P < 0·05) of the post-weaning diets was greater in Lmilk lambs and the Hprotein post-weaning diet was associated with a greater dry-matter apparent digestibility, OMD and CPD when lambs were close to final slaughter weight. At 20 kg live weight, the proportion of protein in the carcass of Lmilk lambs was greater (P < 0·05) than in Hmilk lambs. The greater growth of the reticulo-rumen of the Lmilk lambs might have increased solid food intake after the milk-feeding period, led to greater CPD of post-weaning diets and had consequences in terms of carcass composition.

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In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620000288x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 133-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B M L McLean ◽

J J Hyslop ◽

A C Longland ◽

D Cuddeford ◽

T Hollands

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Design Experiment ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Physical Processing ◽

Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

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Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽

Mikael Neumann ◽

Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽

Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽

Sandra Galbeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Average Weight ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

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EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-088 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 787-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

V. GIRARD ◽

G. DUPUIS

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Optimum Number ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Cool Season ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

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The use of titanium dioxide for determining apparent digestibility in mature domestic fowls (Gallus domesticus)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960005526x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 233-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

J. Peddie ◽

W. A. Dewar ◽

A. B. Gilbert ◽

D. Waddington

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Gallus Domesticus ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Reference Substance ◽

Collection Method ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Suitable Reference

The apparent digestibility of a diet can be calculated from the amounts of food eaten and excreta voided. This ‘total collection’ method is laborious because it requires a period lasting several days. It can be circumvented by the inclusion in the diet of a suitable reference substance (Kotb & Luckey, 1972). From the concentration of the reference substance (marker) in the diet and in the droppings, apparent dry-matter digestibility can be calculated.

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Nutritional evaluation of wheat 1. Effects of preparation on digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen in pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100022935 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. Ivan ◽

L. R. Giles ◽

A. R. Alimon ◽

D. J. Farrell

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Matter Energy ◽

Plot Design

SUMMARY1. A split-plot design was used to study apparent digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen of a whole grain wheat diet and processed (hammermilled, rolled or hammermilled and then steam-pelleted) wheat diets by eight small (33·9 ± 0·1 kg) and eight large (70±1·7 kg) pigs. Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention were also studied with the small pigs.2. The processed wheat diets were superior to the whole grain wheat diet in all the parameters measured.3. There were no significant differences between the performance of pigs given the differently processed wheat diets.4. Apparent digestibility of dietary components particularly in the whole wheat diet was significantly higher when diets were given to small pigs than when given to large pigs.

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Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 942

Author(s):

Mariana Almeida ◽

Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽

Ana Nunes ◽

Sara Rito ◽

Jorge Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

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PSX-B-10 Effect of undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration and forage inclusion rate on ruminal pH, reticular motility, and total tract permeability for finishing beef heifers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 457-458

Author(s):

Murillo C Pereira ◽

Karen A Beauchemin ◽

Tim A McAllister ◽

Wenzhu Yang ◽

Joyce Van Donkersgoed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Fiber Concentration ◽

Eating Time ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Contraction Duration ◽

Gastrointestinal Permeability

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentration and forage inclusion (FI) rate on dry matter (DM) intake, ruminal pH, reticular contractions, and gastrointestinal permeability for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated Hereford′Simmental heifers (699±69.1 kg) were used in an incomplete 6×6 Latin square (26-d periods) with a 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement. Barley grain-based diets were formulated using barley silage or wheat straw to provide low or high uNDF (7.1 vs. 8.5% DM) with forage proportions of 5, 10, or 15% of dietary DM. Dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.10) and eating time (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by uNDF, FI, or uNDF′FI. With low uNDF diets, increasing FI numerically (P = 0.02) increased rumination time (min/d); while, with high uNDF diets, rumination time increased with 5 to 10% FI, but not thereafter (P = 0.03). Mean ruminal pH was not affected by uNDF (6.17 vs. 6.19; P = 0.08), but increased with increasing FI (6.04b, 6.23a, and 6.28a; P = 0.02). Duration of ruminal pH < 5.5 was not affected by uNDF but tended (P = 0.07) to be reduced with increasing FI. High uNDF diet tended to increase the frequency of reticular contractions (1.43 vs. 1.51 contractions/min; P = 0.07) but decreased the contraction duration (13.2 vs. 14.1 sec; P = 0.04). Increasing FI increased contraction frequency (1.39b, 1.50a, and 1.53a contractions/min; P = 0.03) and tended to reduce contraction duration as forage increased from 5 to 10 and 15% (14.3, 13.1, and 13.6 sec; P = 0.07). Feeding high uNDF decreased (P = 0.05) permeability of the gastrointestinal tract based on the appearance of Cr-EDTA in urine following an intra-ruminal dose. Increasing FI tended to reduce gastrointestinal tract permeability (P = 0.06). Limited interactions indicate that uNDF and FI act independently suggesting that increasing dietary uNDF, without increasing FI rate, can stimulate frequency of reticulo-ruminal contractions and reduce gastrointestinal permeability for finishing cattle.

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Diet components as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients for Nile tilapia

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000600003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 393-400

Author(s):

Rafael Lopes da Silva ◽

Eric Portilho de Araújo ◽

Mariucha Karina Honório Ribeiro Rocha ◽

Flavia Mota Damasceno ◽

Jakeline Marcela Azambuja de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nile Tilapia ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dunnett's Test

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the diet components - crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin - as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, and of the nutrients - crude protein, phosphorus, and amino acids - in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Groups of ten juveniles (80.3±1 g) were randomly distributed in six tanks of 250 L and fed two practical diets, either of a plant-origin diet or of a plant- and animal-origin diet. Both diets were supplemented with 0.1% chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3). Faeces were collected by the modified Guelph system. The apparent digestibility coefficients were determined by the content difference of the internal indicators, present in the diets and faeces, and compared by Dunnett’s test to those obtained by the use of Cr2O3. Cellulose was effective in the determination of the apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, and nutrients of both experimental diets; and the acid detergent fiber was effective only for the diet composed exclusively of plant-origin ingredients. The use of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and lignin as digestibility indicators was inefficient for the analyzed nutrients of both diets. Therefore, cellulose is the most suitable indicator for digestibility evaluation in Nile tilapia.

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Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.166 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 3444-3451

Author(s):

René Patiño P ◽

Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽

José C. Da Silva Filho ◽

Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽

Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Average Weight ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Absorption Coefficients ◽

Collection Method ◽

Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

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