Measurement of oestrone sulphatase activity in white blood cells to monitor in vivo inhibition of steroid sulphatase activity by oestrone-3-O-sulphamate

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Purohit ◽  
V.A. Froome ◽  
D.Y. Wang ◽  
B.V.L. Potter ◽  
M.J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Steroid Sulphatase

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Gene expression of the heat stress response in bovine peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Garner ◽  
A. J. Chamberlain ◽  
C. Vander Jagt ◽  
T. T. T. Nguyen ◽  
B. A. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Somatic Cells ◽  
Peripheral White Blood Cells ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract Heat stress in dairy cattle leads to reduction in feed intake and milk production as well as the induction of many physiological stress responses. The genes implicated in the response to heat stress in vivo are not well characterised. With the aim of identifying such genes, an experiment was conducted to perform differential gene expression in peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells in vivo in 6 Holstein Friesian cows in thermoneutral conditions and in 6 Holstein Friesian cows exposed to a short-term moderate heat challenge. RNA sequences from peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells were used to quantify full transcriptome gene expression. Genes commonly differentially expressed (DE) in both the peripheral white blood cells and in milk somatic cells were associated with the cellular stress response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and glucose metabolism. Genes DE in peripheral white blood cells of cows exposed to the heat challenge compared to the thermoneutral control were related to inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and the cardiovascular system. Genes DE in milk somatic cells compared to the thermoneutral control were involved in the response to stress, thermoregulation and vasodilation. These findings provide new insights into the cellular adaptations induced during the response to short term moderate heat stress in dairy cattle and identify potential candidate genes (BDKRB1 and SNORA19) for future research.

scholarly journals DNA Damaging Effects, Oxidative Stress Responses and Cholinesterase Activity in Blood and Brain of Wistar Rats Exposed to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevenka Kopjar ◽  
Nino Fuchs ◽  
Suzana Žunec ◽  
Anja Mikolić ◽  
Vedran Micek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Alkaline Comet Assay

Currently we are faced with an ever-growing use of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) preparations, often used as supportive therapies for various malignancies and neurological disorders. As some of illegally distributed forms of such preparations, like cannabis oils and butane hash oil, might contain over 80% of THC, their consumers can become intoxicated or experience various detrimental effects. This fact motivated us for the assessments of THC toxicity in vivo on a Wistar rat model, at a daily oral dose of 7 mg/kg which is comparable to those found in illicit preparations. The main objective of the present study was to establish the magnitude and dynamics of DNA breakage associated with THC exposure in white blood and brain cells of treated rats using the alkaline comet assay. The extent of oxidative stress after acute 24 h exposure to THC was also determined as well as changes in activities of plasma and brain cholinesterases (ChE) in THC-treated and control rats. The DNA of brain cells was more prone to breakage after THC treatment compared to DNA in white blood cells. Even though DNA damage quantified by the alkaline comet assay is subject to repair, its elevated level detected in the brain cells of THC-treated rats was reason for concern. Since neurons do not proliferate, increased levels of DNA damage present threats to these cells in terms of both viability and genome stability, while inefficient DNA repair might lead to their progressive loss. The present study contributes to existing knowledge with evidence that acute exposure to a high THC dose led to low-level DNA damage in white blood cells and brain cells of rats and induced oxidative stress in brain, but did not disturb ChE activities.

Genotoxic effects in human white blood cells following styrene (in vivo) and styrene oxide (in vitro) exposure

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
B. Marczynski ◽  
M. Peel ◽  
P. Rozynek ◽  
J. Elliehausen ◽  
M. Korn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Styrene Oxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Exposure ◽  
Human White Blood Cells

scholarly journals In Vivo Screening and Antidiabetic Potential of Polyphenol Extracts from Guava Pulp, Seeds and Leaves

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Hassan Shabbir ◽  
Tusneem Kausar ◽  
Sobia Noreen ◽  
Hafeez ur Rehman ◽  
Ashiq Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Control Groups

The present study investigates the antidiabetic potential of polyphenol extracts purified from guava pulp, seeds and leaves using an in vivo experiment on albino rats. The polyphenols from guava pulp, seeds and leaves were extracted using methanol solvent and the sonication method while being evaluated by total phenolic contents and radical scavenging activity assay. The proximate composition of powders revealed that ash, protein and total sugars were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in leaves and seeds, while vitamin C was highest in pulp. Total phenolic and antioxidant activities were highest in pulp followed by leaves and seeds. The findings of feed intake and body gain revealed that the supplementation of polyphenols, especially from pulp, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the feed intake, which resulted in increased body weight. Moreover, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, while the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased in groups fed with polyphenols from guava pulp compared to both (+ive and –ive) control groups. Furthermore, blood glucose and triglycerides were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in supplemented groups compared to the control group of diabetes mice, which resulted in the inhibition of α-amylase and glucose transport. Besides this, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelet levels were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in pulp’s extract followed by leaves and seeds compared to both control groups. Overall, the antidiabetic potential of different extracts was in the following order: pulp > leaves > seeds. The findings suggest the feasibility of adding 200–250 mg/kg.bw of polyphenol extracts of pulp as an alternative to diabetic drugs.

Altered Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 activity in immortalized lymphoblasts from women with pre-eclampsia: evidence for an intermediate phenotype

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. LEE ◽  
P.A. QUINN ◽  
S.C. JENNINGS ◽  
A.W.F. HALLIGAN ◽  
L.L. NG
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Acetoxymethyl Ester ◽  
Abnormal Volume ◽  
In Cells

Previous studies have demonstrated a raised Na+ content in leucocytes isolated from women with pre-eclampsia. Increased Na+/H+ exchanger activity is one membrane transport abnormality that may contribute to this phenomenon and may be implicated in the abnormal volume homoeostasis and hypertension associated with the disease. Increased Na+/H+ exchanger activity has been documented in nucleated white blood cells from both pre-eclamptic and post-partum pre-eclamptic women, and may suggest the importance of genetic influences on exchanger activity. In the present study, we used lymphoblasts from women with pre-eclampsia and from age- and gestation-matched normotensive pregnant controls to determine Na+/H+ exchanger activity and intracellular resting pH using fluorimetry and the pH-sensitive dye BCECF-AM [bis(carboxyethyl)carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester]. Determination of Na+/H+ exchanger protein abundance was performed by Western blotting. Intracellular pH was not significantly different in cells from pre-eclamptic women compared with those from normotensive controls. Na+/H+ exchanger activity was measured when the intracellular pH was clamped at 6.0, and was found to be significantly higher in cells from pre-eclamptic women (20.77±0.92mmol·min-1·l-1) compared with those from normotensive controls (15.22±0.92mmol·min-1·l-1; P = 0.001). Na+/H+ exchanger protein abundance was established to be similar in the two subject groups, suggesting that the turnover number for the Na+/H+ exchanger is increased in the women with pre-eclampsia. These changes in Na+/H+ exchanger activity indicate the importance of genetic factors in determining this particular phenotype, since in this cell culture model of pre-eclampsia it is likely that environmental or hormonal influences present in vivo would have declined. Overactivity of the Na+/H+ exchanger may contribute to the raised intracellular Na+ concentration reported previously in white blood cells from women with pre-eclampsia.

scholarly journals Dynamic blood flow phantom for in vivo liquid biopsy standardization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Kozlova ◽  
Daniil Bratashov ◽  
Oleg Grishin ◽  
Arkadii Abdurashitov ◽  
Ekaterina Prikhozhdenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
In Vivo Flow Cytometry

AbstractIn vivo liquid biopsy, especially using the photoacoustic (PA) method, demonstrated high clinical potential for early diagnosis of deadly diseases such as cancer, infections, and cardiovascular disorders through the detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs), bacteria, and clots in the blood background. However, little progress has been made in terms of standardization of these techniques, which is crucial to validate their high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. In the present study, we addressed this important demand by introducing a dynamic blood vessel phantom with flowing mimic normal and abnormal cells. The light transparent silica microspheres were used as white blood cells and platelets phantoms, while hollow polymeric capsules, filled with hemoglobin and melanin, reproduced red blood cells and melanoma CTCs, respectively. These phantoms were successfully used for calibration of the PA flow cytometry platform with high-speed signal processing. The results suggest that these dynamic cell flow phantoms with appropriate biochemical, optical, thermal, and acoustic properties can be promising for the establishment of standardization tool for calibration of PA, fluorescent, Raman, and other detection methods of in vivo flow cytometry and liquid biopsy.

scholarly journals Familial deficiency of glutathione reductase in human blood cells

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Loos ◽  
D Roos ◽  
R Weening ◽  
J Houwerzijl
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Human Blood Cells ◽  
Glutathione Reductase Activity ◽  
Fava Beans

A virtually complete absence of glutathione reductase activity was found in the erythrocytes of all three children (one male, two females) from a consanguineous marriage. Intermediate values were found in the erythrocytes of both parents. The enzyme activity could not be restored either by addition of FAD in vitro or by administration of riboflavin in vivo. The amount of reduced glutathione in the erythrocytes was normal in each case. Severely diminished glutathione stability during incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine was observed in the erythrocytes of the siblings, as well as intermediate stability in the parents' red cells. Clinically, this deficiency was manifested by hemolytic crises after eating fava beans in the eldest daughter (patient), and possibly by cataracts in her own and in her brother's eyes. Very low activities of glutathione reductase were also found in the leukocytes of this family: 13%-15% of normal values for the children and 64%-66% for the parents. Moreover, the same deficiency was found in the purified white blood cells of the propositus: 8% of normal values in the polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, 4% in the lymphocytes, and 15% in the monocytes, together with 11% in the platelets. Finally, we found an abnormal oxygen consumption of the propositus' PMNs after phagocytosis of zymosan particles, suggesting that the glutathione reductase reaction was involved in the bactericidal capacity of these cells.

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