P.134 Movement medicine: A systematic review on the effect of early
                        aerobic exercise initiation on symptom recovery following concussion

Background: Mounting evidence supports aerobic exercise as a promising treatment option for individuals experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms beyond four weeks. The purpose of this review was to determine whether initiating structured aerobic exercise within the early period (first two weeks) following concussion affects symptom recovery compared to standard care. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CENTRAL databases, combining keywords: (brain concussion, post-concussion syndrome, mild traumatic brain injury) AND (exercise, exercise therapy, physical activity, kinesiotherapy). Results were limited to Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). All selected articles underwent quality assessment. Results: The search generated 112 unique abstracts, of which 5 met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 16 to 103 participants. Of the four studies that were able to analyze between-group differences, one showed significantly faster recovery in the early aerobic exercise group compared to control, while three showed no significant difference. Two studies demonstrated a trend toward faster initial symptom resolution in the early exercise group. Conclusions: Preliminary RCT evidence suggests that aerobic exercise initiated in the early postconcussion period does not exacerbate symptoms or prolong recovery time, and may potentially hasten recovery. Larger, more rigorous RCTs are required to define the optimal exercise parameters to facilitate symptom recovery.

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Biochemical Markers of Ovarian Reserve in Females, Effect of Exercise on Such Reserves

10.53350/pjmhs211582260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2260-2262

Author(s):

Ayesha Zubair ◽

Anas Khalil ◽

Hassan Jamil ◽

Anam Rehman ◽

Bashir Ahmed Shaheen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Slight Reduction ◽

Heavy Exercise ◽

Exercise Tests ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sedentary Life

Background: Female who are in fertile period of their life and prefer a sedentary life style rather than performing regular physical exercise, whether light or heavy exercise show different hormonal pattern which effect their physical health. Such hormonal changes are directly related to the level of ovarian reserve of hormones which are negatively affected by lack of exercise. The ovarian pool of hormones decline with age and also lack of physical exercise. Among the large pool of biochemical markers AMH (anti-mullerian hormone) appears to be the most important and helpful indicator of ovarian reserve. Inclusion criteria: Healthy females between 25 to 35 years of age were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Females below 25 years and above 35 years of age were excluded from the study, in addition those females having some medical problem or using some medication were also excluded from the study. Material and Methods: 20 females consented to participate in the study who were divided in two groups. These females were living a sedentary life before they joined the gymnasium. One group was subjected to light aerobic exercise and other group to heavy physical exercise. Tests before the start of study were conducted and were repeated after 08 weeks of study to observe the effect of both exercises on the ovarian reserves of different hormones. Results: The comparison between both groups were observed, the values before and after exercise has a remarkable difference, a decrease in values were observed in body weight, BMI, waist and hip ratio after exercise. Slight reduction in E2 and FSH level after aerobic exercises was observed. Whereas in heavy exercise group significant difference i.e. increase in level of FSH was observed at the same time, significant decrease in AMH level was also observed. The difference between E2 and LH had no significance in heavy exercise group. Conclusion: Those females who were living sedentary life and performed light aerobic exercise, even for a longer time period did not showed significant change in the E2, LH, FSH and AMH level of hormones. However, heavy exercise reduces the level of AMH and increases the level of FSH. These finding suggest heavy exercise may affect fertility in a negative way especially in females with low ovarian reserves. Keywords: Exercise, spinning, ovarian reserve, AMHh anti-mullerian hormone

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Cardiovascular Responses Of Type 2 Diabetes Patients To Intermittent And Continous Aerobic Exercises

Nigerian Journal of Medical Rehabilitation ◽

10.34058/njmr.v11i2.22 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Mukadas O Akindele ◽

Phillip Kodzo ◽

Mustapha Naimat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The use of aerobic exercise as a form of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well documented in the literatures. High blood pressure has been shown to be one of the sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Determination of mode of exercises for glycemic control that will not adversely affect the cardiovascular indices of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects is highly indicated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects to continuous and intermittent modes of exercises. Results: There was statistical significant difference in heart rate of both groups. Continuous mode of exercise elicited no statistical difference in SBP and DBP but there was statistical significant difference in SBP in intermittent exercise group with no statistical significant in their DBP. Cross comparison of pre and post cardiovascular indices showed that there were statistical significant differences in SBP (F=0.710, P>0.05) and DBP (F=1.397, P>0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were higher in intermittent exercise group compared with the continuous exercise group. KEYWORDS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Aerobic exercise, cardiovascular response.

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Effects of different exercise loads on serum betatrophin (ANGPTL-8/lipasin) and cartonectin (CTRP-3) levels in metabolic syndrome

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2021-0120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammed Emre Karaman ◽

Cengiz Arslan ◽

Mehmet Ferit Gürsu

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Tap Water ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Anaerobic Exercise ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives The number of studies examining the circulating level change of betatrophin and cartonectin in metabolic syndrome applying different loads of exercise is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how different loads of exercises regulate the betatrophin and cartonectin levels in metabolic syndrome induced rats. Methods A total of 24 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into four groups as follows; G1: control group (fed with standard diet and tap water), G2: metabolic syndrome group (without exercise application), G3: metabolic syndrome + aerobic exercise group (aerobic exercise applied), G4: metabolic syndrome + anaerobic exercise group (anaerobic exercise applied). Betatrophin and Cartonectin levels were determined by ELISA method in serum samples. Results There was a statistically significant difference in betatrophin levels between the groups and this differentiation was caused by G2 (p <0.05). Cartonectin levels were not significantly different between groups (p> 0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that anaerobic exercises have more positive effects on glucose balance in metabolic syndrome than aerobic exercises, and by regulating betatrophin levels, anaerobic exercises indicate this effect.

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Assessment of Propolis Supplementation on Serum Concentrations of Liver Enzymes in Endurance Athletes with Four Weeks Aerobic Training

The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/jqums.25.1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Mojtaba Mahdavi Asiabar ◽

◽

Mokhtar Nasiri Farsani ◽

Nematollah Gheibi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Cell Function ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Endurance Athletes ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Aerobic and intense exercises with an increase in free radicals cause damages at the cellular level, heart disease, cancer, and the development of aging processes, which one of its symptoms is increased serum concentrations of liver enzymes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent effect of four weeks of aerobic training and propolis supplementation on the activity of liver enzymes, including ALT, AST, and SOD in endurance athletes. Methods: Thirty-two male athletes (age: 21±1.4 years) in track and field were randomly divided into three groups: exercise group, exercise with placebo group, and exercise with supplement group. Propolis supplementation was taken as two tablets (500 mg) twice a day and aerobic exercise was performed for 4 weeks and in 24 sessions with an intensity of 60 to 65% of heart rate. The statistical method was done using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test by SPSS v. 18 software. Findings: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between groups in serum levels of SOD, AST, and ALT (P<0.05). There was not a statistically significant difference between the exercise group and placebo+exercise group in serum levels of SOD, AST, and ALT (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic exercise alone can increase SOD levels and propolis supplementation with aerobic exercise can reduce AST and ALT serum levels and lead to improved liver cell function.

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Evaluation of oxidative stress in mice subjected to aerobic exercise

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502012000800005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 544-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mônica Cruvinel de Lima ◽

Guido Marks ◽

Iandara Schettert Silva ◽

Baldomero Antonio Kato da Silva ◽

Lourdes Zélia Zanoni Cônsolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Striated Muscle ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of aerobic exercise on oxidative stress in mice. METHODS: The study included twenty female mice Mus musculus-Swiss divided into two groups: sedentary control (GA) and exercise (GB), each containing ten animals. All animals underwent an adaptation period of seven days isolated in individual boxes. After this period, the animals in the exercise group (GB) were trained in angled running wheel with circumference of 25 cm assembled on an articulated axle during five minutes for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, they underwent an exercise program of one session lasting 45 minutes. The evaluation of oxidative stress was performed by determining the levels of malondialhyde derived of lipid peroxidation by the TBA method. The samples were read in a spectrophotometer at 535 nm. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the intergroup comparison of MDA levels in the tissues evaluated. A significant difference was observed in the intragroup comparison of MDA levels in the control group (p = 0.0201).The Tukeys' post hoc test indicated significantly lower values of MDA in the smooth muscle in relation to plasma. In the analysis of variance in the exercise group, a significant difference between tissues (p = 0.0009), with significantly lower values in the smooth muscle in relation to plasma (p<0.001) and higher in striated muscle in relation to smooth muscle (p<0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION: There was no change in the analysis of oxidative stress in mice which were undergone a single session of aerobic exercise.

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Pengaruh Latihan Aerobik Ringan dan Sedang terhadap Kadar Interleukin 8 dan Jumlah Netrofil pada Remaja

Berkala Kedokteran ◽

10.20527/jbk.v12i1.357 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Huldani Huldani

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Interleukin 8 ◽

Male Students ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract: Aerobic exercise with mild to moderate intensity will improve health and fitness. Aerobic exercise stimulates an increase in the concentration of IL-8 and will attract neutrophils out of circulation and infiltrate into the damaged tissue for physical activity. To determine the effect of mild and moderate aerobic exercise on levels of interleukin 8 and the number of neutrophils in adolescents, semi-experimental research laboratory with the entire population of male students of SMAN I Banjarbaru. Determination of the sample with inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 31 samples (9 mild aerobic exercise, moderate aerobic exercise 12 and 10 as a control). The implementation of data collection (blood plasma) immediately after the sample is finished doing aerobic exercise. Blood plasma samples were analyzed by flowcytometri to see the number of neutrophils and elisa to see the levels of Interleukin 8 (IL-8). The results showed that mean plasma levels of IL-8 in mild aerobic group (605.69 ± 123.28) and moderate (718.75 ± 132.55) is lower than the control group (720.80 ± 213.11). Kruskal Wallis statistic test in the three groups no significant difference with p = 0.320. The average number of neutrophils mild aerobic exercise group (52.42 ± 8.29) and moderate (63.60 ± 8.73) was higher than the control group (50.11 ± 5.55), which means that there is an increase in the number of neutrophils after aerobic exercise , with one-way ANOVA statistical test showed different significant with p = 0.001. LSD test found significant differences between mild and moderate aerobic group with p = 0.003, 95% CI. There is no difference between the control group mild aerobic with p = 0.519. There are differences between the groups of moderate aerobic and control with p = 0.000. It can be concluded that mild and moderate aerobic exercise did not affect the increased plasma levels of interleukin-8 in adolescents. Mild aerobic exercise had no effect on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents. Moderate aerobic exercise influence on the increase in the number of neutrophils in adolescents.Keywords : Aerobic exercise, Interleukin 8, Neutrophyl Abstrak: Latihan aerobik dengan intensitas ringan sampai sedang akan meningkatkan kesehatan dan kebugaran tubuh. Latihan aerobik merangsang peningkatan konsentrasi IL-8 dan akan menarik netrofil dari sirkulasi dan menyusup kejaringan yang rusak karena aktivitas fisik. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang terhadap kadar interleukin 8 dan jumlah netrofil pada remaja, dilakukan penelitian semi eksperimental laboratorik dengan populasi seluruh pelajar laki-laki SMAN I Banjarbaru. Penentuan besarnya sampel dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi didapatkan 31 sampel (9 latihan aerobik ringan, 12 latihan aerobik sedang, dan 10 sebagai kontrol). Pelaksanaan pengambilan data (plasma darah) segera setelah sampel selesai melakukan latihan aerobik. Plasma darah sampel dianalisa dengan flowcytometri untuk melihat jumlah netrofil dan pemeriksaan elisa untuk melihat kadar Interleukin 8 (IL-8). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar IL-8 plasma pada kelompok aerobik ringan (605,69 ± 123,28) dan sedang (718,75 ± 132,55) lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol (720,80 ± 213,11). Secara uji statistik Kruskal Wallis ketiga kelompok tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai p = 0,320. Jumlah rerata netrofil kelompok latihan aerobik ringan (52,42 ± 8,29) dan sedang (63,60 ± 8,73) lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (50,11 ± 5,55), artinya ada peningkatan jumlah netrofil setelah latihan aerobik. Dengan uji statistik ANOVA satu arah didapatkan hasil yang bermakna berbeda dengan nilai p = 0.001. Uji LSD didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok aerobik ringan dan sedang dengan nilai p = 0,003, IK 95 % . Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik ringan dengan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,519. Terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok aerobik sedang dan kontrol dengan nilai p = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan aerobik ringan dan sedang tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar Interleukin-8 plasma pada remaja. Latihan aerobik ringan tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Latihan aerobik sedang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah netrofil pada remaja. Kata Kata Kunci : Latihan Aerobik, Interleukin 8, Netrofil

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Assessment of Air Way Resistance Indexes and Exercise-Induced Asthma after a Single Session of Submaximal Incremental Aerobic Exercise

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/v10078-010-0032-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rouholah Fatemi ◽

Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Body Height ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Test Results ◽

Single Session ◽

Test Protocol ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Exercise Induced

Assessment of Air Way Resistance Indexes and Exercise-Induced Asthma after a Single Session of Submaximal Incremental Aerobic ExerciseThe present study aimed at assessing air way resistance indexes that include FEV1 (Force expiration Volume in one second), FVC (Forced vital capacity) and FEV1/FVC and exercise-induced asthma (EIA) after one session of sub maximal incremental aerobic exercise. Fifty healthy male subjects (age 19-26) from the faculty of Physical Education, University of Shahid Chamran served as the participants of the study. They were randomly assigned to either exercise or control groups. Body height, body mass and pulmonary factors were measured in the pre-test conditions. The study protocol included a sub maximal incremental Astrand - Rhyming test on an ergocycle. After performing this test by the exercise group, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC, were measured again for both groups and compared with pre test evaluations. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (dependent and independent t test). Results showed that there was a significant difference in FEV1 between the two groups after the exercise protocol (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in FVC between the two groups after exercise, and a significant difference was registered in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC between pre-test and post-test results in the group that performed the aerobic test protocol (p ≤ 0.05). Our results indicate that one sub maximal incremental aerobic exercise session causes a significant change in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, and causes exercise-induced asthma.

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The effect of early arm exercise on drainage volume after total mastectomy and tissue expander insertion in breast cancer patients: a prospective study

Archives of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.5999/aps.2021.00500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 583-589

Author(s):

Oh Young Joo ◽

Seung Jin Moon ◽

Dong Won Lee ◽

Dae Hyun Lew ◽

Won Jai Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Reconstruction ◽

Tissue Expander ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Arm Exercise ◽

Early Exercise ◽

Drainage Volume ◽

Drain Removal ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Exercise Restriction

Background In prosthesis-based breast reconstruction patients, the drain tends to be kept in place longer than in patients who undergo only mastectomy. Postoperative arm exercise also increases the drainage volume. However, to preserve shoulder function, early exercise is recommended. In this study, we investigated the effect of early exercise on the total drainage volume and drain duration in these patients.Methods We designed a prospective randomized trial involving 56 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy using tissue expanders. In each group, the patients were randomized either to perform early arm exercises using specific shoulder movement guidelines 2 days after surgery or to restrict arm movement above the shoulder height until drain removal. The drain duration and the total amount of drainage were the primary endpoints.Results There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, body mass index, or mastectomy specimen weight between the two groups. The total amount of drainage was 1,497 mL in the early exercise group and 1,336 mL in the exercise restriction group. The duration until complete removal of the drains was 19.71 days in the early exercise group and 17.11 days in the exercise restriction group.Conclusions Exercise restriction after breast reconstruction did not lead to a significant difference in the drainage volume or the average time until drain removal. Thus, early exercise is recommended for improved shoulder mobility postoperatively. More long-term studies are needed to determine the effect of early exercise on shoulder mobility in prosthesis-based breast reconstruction patients.

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PO-238 Urinary metabolomics study on the anti-depression effect of different exercise modes on CUMS model rats

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i5.10693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Yi Jia ◽

Yumei Han ◽

Junsheng Tian ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

Xiong Xue

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

1H Nmr ◽

Pantothenic Acid ◽

Exercise Group ◽

The Body ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A

Objective To study the effects of different exercise modes on CUMS depression model rats by 1H-NMR metabolomics technique, and to explore the mechanism of exercise anti-depression and to find the best exercise mode. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were divided into control group (group C), model group (group M), aerobic exercise group (group A), and resistance exercise group (group R), 12 per group. The group C was routinely reared, chronic mild unpredictable stress + orphaned 8 weeks to establish a depression model of CUMS rats. In the 5th week of modeling, rats in group A and group R were trained in aerobic and resistance exercise for 4 weeks. The changes of body mass were observed during the experiment. The effects of exercise on the behavior of CUMS rats were observed by sucrose preference experiment and open field experiment. The levels of plasma BDNF, CORT and 5-HT were measured to reveal the pathological changes of the model. 1H-NMR metabolomics techniques combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods were used to investigate the regulation of urinary endogenous metabolites and the regulation of metabolic pathways in CUMS depression rats. Results 1) After four weeks of modeling, compared with the group C, the body weight, saccharide water preference rate, the crossing number and the number of erectings in the group M, group A and group R were significantly lower (P<0.05 or P< 0.01), indicating that the modeling was successful; after eight weeks of modeling, compared with the group C, the body weight, saccharide water preference rate, the crossing number and the number of erectings in the group M, was significantly lower (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the group A and group R. 2)Compared with group C, the levels of BDNF and 5-HT in group M were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the level of CORT was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the levels of BDNF, 5-HT and CORT in group A were not significantly different, the CORT levels were significantly increased in group R(P <0.01), BDNF and 5-HT levels were not significantly different; compared with group M, BDNF, 5-HT levels in group A were significantly increased (P <0.05) and the level of CORT was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the levels of BDNF and 5-HT in group R were significantly increased (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in CORT level. Compared with group A, the levels of BDNF and 5-HT in group R were not significant,but CORT levels increased significantly (P<0.05). 3)A total of 14 potential biomarkers in the urine of CUMS depression model rats were found . Compared with group C, the levels of leucine, valine, lactic acid, citric acid, inositol, pyruvic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, trimethylamine, pantothenic acid, β-hydroxyisovaleric acid, alanine and succinic acid in the urine of group M were significantly increased, and the level of α-ketoglutaric acid was significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Group A can significantly callback 8 potential biomarkersof leucine, lactic acid, citric acid, pyruvic acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, alanine, lactic acid and pantothenic acid (P<0.05 or P<0.01) , the group R can significantly callbackt the 6 potential biomarkers of lactic acid, acetoacetic acid, inositol, trimethylamine, β-hydroxy isovaleric acid and alanine. Two types of exercise can regulate urinary metabolites in depressed rats. 4) 1H-NMR metabolic pathway analysis showed that aerobic exercise mainly improves the urine metabolism of depressed rats by regulating TCA cycle, pantothenic acid and COA biosynthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. The resistance exercise mainly improved the urine metabolism characteristics of depressed rats by regulating the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, pyruvate metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. Conclusions Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise all can effectively improve depressive symptoms, adjust the urine biomarkers of depressed rats to varying degrees, which may be related to different metabolic pathways involved in exercise modes.

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Combination of aerobic exercise and Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. increased nitric oxide in rats

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2017.v36.80-87 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Donna Adriani Kusumadewi Muhammad ◽

Minarma Siagian ◽

Dewi Irawati SS

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Group ◽

High Rate ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

One Way Anova

Background Hypertension and myocardial infarction account for the high rate of mortality globally. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) Linn. is rich in antioxidants and previous studies have demonstrated its anti-hypertensive effects. Several studies show that regular physical activity is an important component to reduce cardiovascular mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of aerobic exercise and HS extract on nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in rats. MethodsAn experimental study was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats, aged 4 weeks and 60-70 g in weight. The interventions were aerobic exercises and HS at 400 mg/kg BW/day administered for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The rats were randomized into 12 groups: 3 control groups (C4, C8, C12), 3 aerobic exercise groups (A4, A8, A12), 3 HS groups (H4, H8, H12), and 3 combination groups [aerobic exercise and HS] (HA4, HA8, HA12). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their abdominal aorta was collected for determination of nitric oxide and ET-1 concentrations. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. ResultsThere was a significant difference in NO levels between all groups, with the 4-week aerobic exercise group (A4) showing the highest NO levels compared to the other eleven groups (p<0.05). In contrast, the ET-1 levels were not significantly different between all groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the combination of HS supplementation and aerobic exercise increases NO in rats, and provided further evidence to the traditional use of the plant as an antioxidants agent.

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