Assessment of Propolis Supplementation on Serum Concentrations of Liver Enzymes in Endurance Athletes with Four Weeks Aerobic Training

Background: Aerobic and intense exercises with an increase in free radicals cause damages at the cellular level, heart disease, cancer, and the development of aging processes, which one of its symptoms is increased serum concentrations of liver enzymes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent effect of four weeks of aerobic training and propolis supplementation on the activity of liver enzymes, including ALT, AST, and SOD in endurance athletes. Methods: Thirty-two male athletes (age: 21±1.4 years) in track and field were randomly divided into three groups: exercise group, exercise with placebo group, and exercise with supplement group. Propolis supplementation was taken as two tablets (500 mg) twice a day and aerobic exercise was performed for 4 weeks and in 24 sessions with an intensity of 60 to 65% of heart rate. The statistical method was done using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test by SPSS v. 18 software. Findings: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between groups in serum levels of SOD, AST, and ALT (P<0.05). There was not a statistically significant difference between the exercise group and placebo+exercise group in serum levels of SOD, AST, and ALT (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic exercise alone can increase SOD levels and propolis supplementation with aerobic exercise can reduce AST and ALT serum levels and lead to improved liver cell function.

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Biochemical Markers of Ovarian Reserve in Females, Effect of Exercise on Such Reserves

10.53350/pjmhs211582260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2260-2262

Author(s):

Ayesha Zubair ◽

Anas Khalil ◽

Hassan Jamil ◽

Anam Rehman ◽

Bashir Ahmed Shaheen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Slight Reduction ◽

Heavy Exercise ◽

Exercise Tests ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sedentary Life

Background: Female who are in fertile period of their life and prefer a sedentary life style rather than performing regular physical exercise, whether light or heavy exercise show different hormonal pattern which effect their physical health. Such hormonal changes are directly related to the level of ovarian reserve of hormones which are negatively affected by lack of exercise. The ovarian pool of hormones decline with age and also lack of physical exercise. Among the large pool of biochemical markers AMH (anti-mullerian hormone) appears to be the most important and helpful indicator of ovarian reserve. Inclusion criteria: Healthy females between 25 to 35 years of age were included in the study. Exclusion criteria: Females below 25 years and above 35 years of age were excluded from the study, in addition those females having some medical problem or using some medication were also excluded from the study. Material and Methods: 20 females consented to participate in the study who were divided in two groups. These females were living a sedentary life before they joined the gymnasium. One group was subjected to light aerobic exercise and other group to heavy physical exercise. Tests before the start of study were conducted and were repeated after 08 weeks of study to observe the effect of both exercises on the ovarian reserves of different hormones. Results: The comparison between both groups were observed, the values before and after exercise has a remarkable difference, a decrease in values were observed in body weight, BMI, waist and hip ratio after exercise. Slight reduction in E2 and FSH level after aerobic exercises was observed. Whereas in heavy exercise group significant difference i.e. increase in level of FSH was observed at the same time, significant decrease in AMH level was also observed. The difference between E2 and LH had no significance in heavy exercise group. Conclusion: Those females who were living sedentary life and performed light aerobic exercise, even for a longer time period did not showed significant change in the E2, LH, FSH and AMH level of hormones. However, heavy exercise reduces the level of AMH and increases the level of FSH. These finding suggest heavy exercise may affect fertility in a negative way especially in females with low ovarian reserves. Keywords: Exercise, spinning, ovarian reserve, AMHh anti-mullerian hormone

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The Association Between Serum Levels of Leptin and Lipid Profiles in Cardiovascular Patients With Valve Calcification

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v58i4.3917 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ramin Lotfi ◽

Mohsen Molaie ◽

Ehsan Mohammadi Noori ◽

Khalil Soleiman ◽

Amir Kiani

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Valve Calcification ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lipid Abnormalities

Adipose tissue-derived hormones known as adipokines, like leptin, have multiple bioactions. Notwithstanding the key roles of leptin in regulating energy homeostasis and metabolism, its cardiovascular functions are complex and not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum concentrations of leptin and lipid profiles in patients with valve calcification. Seventy-two patients with valve calcification and 72 healthy individuals participated in this case-control study. The serum levels of biochemical markers and leptin were measured by the standard enzymatic methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, respectively. Significantly increased serum concentrations of FBS (P=0.001), urea (P<0.0001), creatinine (P=0.018), P (P<0.0001), LDL-C (P=0.011) and lower Ca (P=0.006), and HDL-C (P<0.0001) levels were observed in patients compared to controls. There was no significant difference in the serum level of TG and TC of patients than controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly increased in patients relative to controls (P<0.0001). However, a significantly diminished serum level of leptin was observed in patients than controls (P<0.0001). The correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum leptin concentration is negatively correlated with creatinine, but it is positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (P=0.0302, P=0.0362, respectively). There was no statistically significant association between serum levels of leptin and lipid profiles. Our findings indicated dyslipidemia and reduced serum leptin concentrations in patients with valve calcification, suggesting the role of lipid abnormalities and reduced leptin levels in the development and pathogenesis of valve calcification diseases.

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The Difference between Growth Factor Expression after Single and Multiple Fractures: Preliminary Results in Human Fracture Healing

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2015/203136 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Harald Binder ◽

Stefan Eipeldauer ◽

Markus Gregori ◽

Leonard Höchtl-Lee ◽

Anita Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Long Bone ◽

Long Bones ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Multiple Fractures ◽

Fracture Group ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives.Circulating levels of VEGF-A (Vascular Endothelia Growth Factor-A), TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1), and M-CSF (Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor) were found to be predictors of bone healing and therefore prognostic criteria of delayed bone healing or nonunion. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential rise of these markers in patients with multiple fractures of long bones compared to patients with single fractured long bone.Methods.92 patients were included in the study and finally after excluding all female patients 45 male patients were left for final analysis and divided into the single or multiple fracture group. TGF-β1, M-CSF, and VEGF-A serum levels were analysed over a time period of two weeks.Results.MCSF serum concentrations were higher in the group with multiple fractures as also TGF-β1 serum concentrations were at one and two weeks after trauma. No statistically significant difference was observed in the VEGF-A serum concentrations of both groups at either measurement point.Conclusion.We did observe a correlation between the quantity of the M-CSF and TGF-β1 expressions in serum and the number of fractured bones; surprisingly there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels between patients with single and multiple fractures of long bones.

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Serum levels of insulin-like factor 3, anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B, and testosterone during pubertal transition in healthy boys: a longitudinal pilot study

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-13-0435 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 147 (4) ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Marie Lindhardt Johansen ◽

Ravinder Anand-Ivell ◽

Annette Mouritsen ◽

Casper P Hagen ◽

Mikkel G Mieritz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leydig Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Inhibin B ◽

Testicular Volume ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Pubertal Onset ◽

Additional Information ◽

And Function

Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a promising marker of Leydig cell function with potentially high clinical relevance. Limited data of INSL3 levels in relation to other reproductive hormones in healthy pubertal boys exist. In this study, we aimed to evaluate longitudinal serum changes in INSL3 compared with LH, FSH, testosterone, inhibin B, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during puberty in healthy boys. Ten boys were included from the longitudinal part of the COPENHAGEN Puberty Study. Pubertal evaluation, including testicular volume, was performed and blood samples were drawn every 6 months for 5 years. Serum concentrations of testosterone were determined by a newly developed LC–MS/MS method, and serum concentrations of INSL3, AMH, inhibin B, FSH, and LH respectively were determined by validated immunoassays. The results showed that serum INSL3 levels increased progressively with increasing age, pubertal onset, and testicular volume. In six of the ten boys, LH increased before the first observed increase in INSL3. In the remaining four boys, the increase in LH and INSL3 was observed at the same examination. The increases in serum concentrations of LH, testosterone, and INSL3 were not parallel or in ordered succession and varied interindividually. We demonstrated that INSL3 concentrations were tightly associated with pubertal onset and increasing testicular volume. However, the pubertal increases in LH, INSL3, and testosterone concentrations were not entirely parallel, suggesting that INSL3 and testosterone may be regulated differently. Thus, we speculate that INSL3 provides additional information on Leydig cell differentiation and function during puberty compared with traditional markers of testicular function.

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Effect of 6 Weeks of Aerobic Training with Nanocurcumin Consumption on IL1β, Nitric Oxide, and Depression in Women with Metabolic Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-429806/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Osali ◽

Alireza Rostami

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Training Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Obese People ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Abstract Backgrounds and ObjectivesThe use of anti-inflammatory supplements is important in improving the executive function of obese people. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and consumption of nanocurcumin on IL1β, nitric oxide, and depression in women aged 60-65 with metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods44 women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 10, including MetS exercise+ Curcumin (MECU), MetS exercise (ME), MetS NanoCurcumin (MCU), MetS control (MC Training groups performed an exercise protocol of aerobic exercise for 6 weeks (three sessions per week). Blood samples were obtained before and after the training period for antioxidant indicators and lipid degradation measurement. Also, the Beck anxiety questionnaire was used for evaluating levels of anxiety. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for the evaluation of within-group and between-group differences, respectively.ResultsThere was a significant difference in IL1β, nitric oxide (NO), and depression before and after exercise in all three experimental groups (p≤0.05). Also, the results showed a significant difference in the level of NO and depression in the research groups. The highest decrease in these variables was observed in the aerobic training group and training with nanocurcumin consumption group (p≤0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicated that six-week nanocurcumin supplementation with aerobic training is a suitable method for reducing IL1β and NO and depression, preventing metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases in women with metabolic syndrome.Name of the registry: IR.SEMUMS.REC.1396.107Trial registration number: IRCT2017082335857N1

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Cardiovascular Responses Of Type 2 Diabetes Patients To Intermittent And Continous Aerobic Exercises

Nigerian Journal of Medical Rehabilitation ◽

10.34058/njmr.v11i2.22 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Mukadas O Akindele ◽

Phillip Kodzo ◽

Mustapha Naimat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The use of aerobic exercise as a form of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been well documented in the literatures. High blood pressure has been shown to be one of the sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Determination of mode of exercises for glycemic control that will not adversely affect the cardiovascular indices of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects is highly indicated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects to continuous and intermittent modes of exercises. Results: There was statistical significant difference in heart rate of both groups. Continuous mode of exercise elicited no statistical difference in SBP and DBP but there was statistical significant difference in SBP in intermittent exercise group with no statistical significant in their DBP. Cross comparison of pre and post cardiovascular indices showed that there were statistical significant differences in SBP (F=0.710, P>0.05) and DBP (F=1.397, P>0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular responses of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were higher in intermittent exercise group compared with the continuous exercise group. KEYWORDS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Aerobic exercise, cardiovascular response.

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OR-025 Association study between Chinese excellent long-distance female athletes’ PGC-1β genetic polymorphism and aerobic capacity

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i2.9263 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Jia ◽

Chunyan Xu

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Anaerobic Threshold ◽

Endurance Athletes ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Relative Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aerobic Exercise Capacity

Objective Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) is mainly expressed in mitochondria-rich tissues, which involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis and energy metabolism processes such as fatty acid transport and oxidation, hepatic gluconeogenesis. PGC-1β is Previous studies have shown that this genetic polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. Therefore, based on the previous research, the relationship between PGC-1β gene polymorphism and aerobic exercise ability of elite female long-distance runners was discussed to provide new effective indicators for athletes' selection of materials, and improve the accuracy and advancement of athletes' selection of materials. Methods 56 Chinese elite female long-distance runners were selected, and venous blood was extracted to analyze the gene polymorphism of specific gene locus. The subjects were tested for aerobic endurance index and lung function index, wherein the aerobic endurance index included maximum oxygen uptake, relative maximal oxygen uptake relative value, anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold relative value, and lung function indicators including vital capacity, Time lung capacity, minute ventilation and maximum ventilation . Subsequently, the cross-sectional association study method was used to analyze the association between four genotypes locus of PGC-1β including rs32579, rs2161257, rs1544744 and rs10783180 in 56 subjects. Results 1) All four polymorphic locus were tested by H-W balance, indicating that the subjects were representative of the population. 2) rs32579 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 3) rs2161257 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 4) rs1544744 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 5) rs10783180 locus: There is a significant difference in the relative values of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold between different genotype athletes. The anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was 2156.35±227.69 ml/min and the anaerobic threshold of athletes with GG genotype was 2143.41±217.30 ml/min. So the anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than the anaerobic threshold of GG genotype athletes. The Anaerobic threshold relative value for AG genotype athletes was 50.99±3.99 ml/kg/min, while the anaerobic threshold relative value for athletes with GG genotype was 48.12±4.25 ml/kg/min. The anaerobic threshold relative value of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than that of GG genotype athletes Other indicators showed no significant difference. Conclusions The rs10783180 polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. The population carrying AG genotype may have higher anaerobic threshold value and relative value of anaerobic threshold, which may become more excellent endurance athletes. Rs10783180 polymorphic locus AG genotype can be used as a molecular genetic marker to predict the relative value of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold of Chinese Han women's long-distance runners in northern China.

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Improved glucose and IL-6 by aerobic training despite no change in insulin and insulin resistance in obese women

Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.15171/ajmb.2017.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

Mojtaba Eizadi ◽

Maryam Farbod ◽

Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽

Zohreh Afsharmand

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glycemic Profile ◽

And Control

Background: Regular physical activity is recognized as a non-pharmacological treatment of inflammation and glycemic profile. Objectives: This exercise aimed to determine the effect of aerobic training on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), glucose and insulin resistance in obese females. Patients and Methods: Thirty-two middle-aged obese women (body mass index [BMI], 32 ± 3 kg/m2) aged 35 to 45 years were randomly assigned to exercise (aerobic training, n=16) and control (n=16) groups. Exercise subjects were completed a 12 weeks aerobic training program as 3 sessions per week at 60%-80% of HRmax and control subjects received no training. Pre- and post-training of fasting serum IL-6, insulin, insulin resistance, and glucose concentration were measured and compared between 2 groups. Results were compared using t test at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: Exercise group obtained significant decreases in BMI, body fat %, and abdominal obesity as well as the concentrations of serum IL-6 and fasting glucose (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between pre- and post-training of insulin and insulin resistance in the exercise group (P >0.05). There were no alterations in these variables in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that aerobic training may improve glycemic profile in absence of change in insulin resistance of women with abdominal obesity

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Effects of different exercise loads on serum betatrophin (ANGPTL-8/lipasin) and cartonectin (CTRP-3) levels in metabolic syndrome

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2021-0120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammed Emre Karaman ◽

Cengiz Arslan ◽

Mehmet Ferit Gürsu

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Tap Water ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Anaerobic Exercise ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives The number of studies examining the circulating level change of betatrophin and cartonectin in metabolic syndrome applying different loads of exercise is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how different loads of exercises regulate the betatrophin and cartonectin levels in metabolic syndrome induced rats. Methods A total of 24 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into four groups as follows; G1: control group (fed with standard diet and tap water), G2: metabolic syndrome group (without exercise application), G3: metabolic syndrome + aerobic exercise group (aerobic exercise applied), G4: metabolic syndrome + anaerobic exercise group (anaerobic exercise applied). Betatrophin and Cartonectin levels were determined by ELISA method in serum samples. Results There was a statistically significant difference in betatrophin levels between the groups and this differentiation was caused by G2 (p <0.05). Cartonectin levels were not significantly different between groups (p> 0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that anaerobic exercises have more positive effects on glucose balance in metabolic syndrome than aerobic exercises, and by regulating betatrophin levels, anaerobic exercises indicate this effect.

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Aerobic Training Associated with Arginine Supplementation Reduces Collagen-Induced Platelet Hyperaggregability in Rats under High Risk to Develop Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2019/8919435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadia A. V. Motta ◽

Milla M. Fumian ◽

Renata F. Medeiros ◽

Gabriel F. Lima ◽

Christianne B. V. Scaramello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Risk ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Platelet Response ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Platelet Hyperaggregability ◽

Arginine Supplementation

Background. Increased platelet response is seen in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Previous reports have shown that arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise training enhance vascular nitric oxide (NO) activity and inhibit platelet hyperaggregability; however, the effects of their association remain unknown.Aim. To investigate whether arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise association may exert beneficial effects, reducing platelet hyperaggregability in rats under high risk to develop metabolic syndrome.Methods. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (C) and fructose (F – water with 10% of fructose). After two weeks, the F group was subdivided into four groups: F, the same as before; fructose + arginine (FA – 880 mg/kg/day of L-arginine by gavage); fructose + training (FT); and fructose + arginine + training (FTA). Treatment lasted for eight weeks.Results. The fructose administration was able to increase the collagen-induced platelet aggregation (27.4 ± 2.7%) when compared to the C group (8.0 ± 3.4%). Although the arginine supplementation (32.2 ± 6.3%) or aerobic training (23.8 ± 6.5%) did not promote any change in platelet collagen-induced hyperaggregability, the association of arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise promoted an inhibition of the platelet hyperaggregability induced by fructose administration (13.9 ± 4.4%) (P<0.05). These effects were not observed when ADP was employed as an agonist. In addition, arginine supplementation associated with aerobic exercise promoted a decrease in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels when compared to the fructose group, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory effect.Conclusions. Our data indicate an important role of arginine supplementation associated with aerobic exercise, reducing platelet hyperaggregability and inflammatory biomarker levels in rats under high risk to develop metabolic syndrome.

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