Development of Quizizz Application-Based Test to Measure Science Process Skills of High School Students on Biodiversity Materials

This study aimed to develop a valid science process skills test both in terms of content and constructs. The selected biodiversity material is integrated into this test. The quizizz application is used so that this test can be accessed online. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) 4-D model, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The final product of this development research is a science process-based test instrument to measure student skills that have been declared valid and feasible by experts in the form of 50 multiple-choice questions. This research trial was conducted on 40 high school students majoring in Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Quantitative data analysis was carried out based on the internal characteristics of the test, such as validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and discriminatory power. The results showed that the validity test contained 28 valid questions and 22 invalid questions. In the difficulty index, there are 33 easy questions, 16 easy questions and 0 difficult questions. There is also a distinguishing power of good criteria consisting of 12 questions, sufficient criteria for 20 questions, and flawed criteria for 18 questions. In the validity test with the material aspect, an average of 74% quite valid, the construction aspect on average 77% quite valid, and the language aspect are 91% quite valid. The students' science process skills are also classified as good, with 76.22 in the high category.

Development of Practical Guidance based on Research to Improve Science Process Skills and Learning Outcome in Biology Education Students

<em>Efforts to improve students' understanding of science process skills in learning the Animal Development Structure subject are developing a research-based Practicum Manual for the Animal Development Structure course. The purpose of this research is to develop a research-based Practicum Manual for Animal Development Structure courses that are suitable for use as a learning resource and experiment in the Animal Development Structure course. The development of laboratory engineering modules uses the ADDIE development model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This research is a development research and uses questionnaire and test instruments. The data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and the results were analyzed using the Gain normality test. Experts in developing teaching materials and materials assess that the lecture modules developed are of good qualifications and are suitable for use. The trial results on a limited scale as well as the lecture module field tests are in good qualifications</em>.

The Benefit and The Content of Lactic Acid Bacteria “Lactobacillus casei Shirota Strain” in Yakult

The purpose of this article is to determine the content of lactic acid bacteria in a probiotic beverage (Yakult) with a starter fermentation of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain and to find out its benefits for digestion. In this study, the library research method was used by obtaining data and materials from journals. The author tries to describe the content of lactic acid bacteria “L. casei Shirota strain” in Yakult and its benefits for the digestive system. The results showed that the levels of L. casei Shirota strain in fermented milk were 1.27-1.70% with an average of 1.42%. In the Indonesian National Standard 01-2891-2009, the lactic acid bacteria content of L. casei Shirota in fermented milk was 0.5-2.0%. L. casei Shirota can produce lactic acid and acetic acid, so that, it can decrease intestinal pH and prevent pathogens bacteria’s growth. Probiotic beverage from fermented milk using L. casei is beneficial for consumption for its ability in inhibiting the growth and development of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, help the absorption of vitamins and antioxidants, eliminate toxic components contained in food, as well as producing several vitamins through the synthesis of digestive enzymes.

Difficulty Analysis Factor of Online Learning Biology Subject in Grade XI MIPA

In the implementation of learning online is encountered the problem that students are experiencing learning difficulties, one of them on the subjects of Biology. Learning difficulties of students are seen from the results of learning online tend to be lower than face-to-face. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause the difficulty of students to learn Biology online in grade XI MIPA SMAN 1 Kecamatan Payakumbuh. The Population and sample in this research are all students of grade XI MIPA SMAN 1 Kecamatan Payakumbuh. The research method used is the descriptive method with the instrument data collection in the form of a questionnaire. The results showed that the factor of difficulty to learn Biology online in SMAN 1 Kecamatan Payakumbuh consists of internal and external factors. Internal factors affect the 61,18% dominate by psychological (62,17%). While external factors that 65,43%, dominate by infrastructure learning online (70,79%).

Hand Hygiene: Hand Washing vs. Hand Sanitizer for Killing the Germs

This study was conducted to compare handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer to kill germs on hands. Hand washing is one of the preventive measures to avoid various diseases that can be transmitted through hands. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic which has attacked almost all over the world has forced various levels of society to pay more attention to hygiene, especially hand hygiene which can be a bridge for the spread of the virus. The research conducted in this article uses qualitative research methods based on reviews and analysis from several journals related to the comparison of the effectiveness of handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer. The results showed that there was a difference in the number of microorganisms in the hands before and after washing hands. Soap and hand sanitizer can eliminate microorganisms because both of these ingredients contain ingredients that can reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the hands such as alcohol and triclosan. From the analysis of several journals related to the effectiveness of handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer can be concluded that hand washing using soap and water is considered more effective to eliminate microorganisms on the hands than just the use of hand sanitizer.

The effectiveness of DD Mag'z (digestive disease magazine) with google meet synchronously to improve digestive health literacy

<em>Digestive health literacy is important for students to be able to determine their diet, choose healthy foods, prevent and know the actions that need to be taken in treating diseases or disorders of the digestive system, and even promoting healthy living behaviors to others. This study aims to develop instructional designs to improve student health literacy with the ADDIE model. The development carried out consisted of developing lesson plans, assessment instruments, and learning media DD Mag'z (digestive disease magazine). Based on the results of the analysis, the learning design was determined using DD Mag'z and Google Meet synchronously. Expert validation was carried out assessing three aspects consisting of the feasibility of media, content, and language. The results of the validation of the developed media obtained an average value of 3.58 and were included in the very valid category so that it was suitable to be used as an alternative learning media on the concept of the digestive system. Measurement of the improvement of students' digestive health literacy skills used a dual choice instrument as a pre-test and post-test. The effectiveness analysis used a one group pre-test post-test design and obtained data that were not normally distributed. The Wilcoxon test results showed an effect of the synchronous use of DD Mag'z media with Google Meet on students' health literacy. While the results of the effectiveness test using N-Gain showed an average value of 0.41 so that the effectiveness of the instructional design developed was moderate.</em>

Measurement of alpha-Amilase Enzymes in Bacillus subtilis Bacteria

The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is able to produce amylase enzymes which are able to hydrolyze various types of starch sources into simple compounds such as maltose, glucose. Amylase converts carbohydrates which are polysaccharides into maltose. Amylase enzyme is a group of enzymes that are needed in the industrial field. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of the amylase enzyme produced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The method used in this research is a quantitative method using an amylase enzyme measurement experiment. The results of this study are from two types of enzyme sources, namely Bacillus subtilis + Starch + NB and Bacillus subtilis + NB. Both samples showed enzyme activity. The conclusion of this study is that Bacillus subtilis + Starch + NB produces 63.186 units of the alpha-amylase enzyme used to produce 1 ppm / 1 micromol maltose per minute. Whereas the Bacillus subtilis + NB sample was 19.474 units of the alpha-amylase enzyme used to produce 1 ppm / 1 micromol maltose per minute.

The Diversity of Pteridophyta at Mountain Telomoyo as Biology Learning Resources

<p><em>The identification and utilization of pteridophyta diversity in the Telomoyo mountain area in learning activities has not been implemented. On the other hand, Biology as a science subject needs to be presented through scientific learning to encourage the development of students' science process skills. The type of learning resource by utilization is the right type to be used in scientific learning. These learning resources are found mainly in nature. Based on this, this study aims to identify the diversity of pteridophyta in Mount Telomoyo and to analyze their feasibility as a source of Biology learning at the high school. This study uses a descriptive exploratory method. The observation plot was determined to be 2 meters wide from the right and left side along the climbing route, using a purposive sampling technique. Analysis of learning resources using benchmarks by Djohar (1974). The results, there are 13 species of pteridophyta which can be classified into 12 genera, 10 families, 4 orders, and 2 divisions. Biology material that is appropriate for the application of learning resources is the Scope of Biology with a 75% suitability level. The results of the feasibility analysis of learning resources generally obtained a very feasible category (87%).</em></p>

21st-Century Learning: Development of Respiradroid Media (Respiration Concept) For High School Students

<p>This research is a research development that aims to develop biology learning media in the form of an android learning application. This study uses research and development (R&amp;D) with a method developed by Thiagarajan, namely the 4D model with stages: define, design, develop and disseminate, the stages of this study are limited to the development stage. Products that have been developed are then validated by experts in their fields. The results showed that respiradroid learning media had an average of 3, 31 in aspects of learning media. The validation results obtained from media and material experts prove that respiradroid media developed are suitable for use in the learning process. Media respiradroid learning has the advantage that is, a learning media that is flexible means that it can be used anywhere, easy to install, easy to find material content with student stimulus for thinking. It is expected to improve students' higher-order thinking skills in the concept of respiration.</p>

Genetic Material Upgrading: Misconception Identification Study in High School Biology Teachers

<p><em>This study aims to identify and map patterns of genetic misconceptions in high school biology teachers. This research was conducted in several stages, including the development of diagnostic test instrument with Certainty of Response Index (CRI). The instrument used in measuring misconceptions in this study is a three-tier test diagnostic instrument. There are 20 questions covering Basic Competencies 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8. The cognitive level of the questions covers C2 to C5 in Bloom Taxonomy. The validator's assessment shows that the instrument is suitable for data collection. The results of data collection indicate that the topics identified as having misconceptions among high school teachers are quite high (above 50%), among others: (1) The relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes; (2) Chromosome structure of eukaryotic cells; (3) The process of protein synthesis (transcription, translation, and genetic code); (4) Mendel Law 1; (5) Mendel Law 2; (6) Crossing-Over, Sex-Linkage, and Non-Disjunction; and (7) Causes of Mutations. Apart from misconception data, this study also reveals the experiences of teachers in conducting Biology teaching and learning activities, especially related to Genetics in high school.</em></p>