scholarly journals Hand Hygiene: Hand Washing vs. Hand Sanitizer for Killing the Germs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dian Fajarwati Susilaningrum ◽  
Tri Ujilestari ◽  
Ariani Putri ◽  
Sofiya Salsabila ◽  
Kholifah Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Almost All

This study was conducted to compare handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer to kill germs on hands. Hand washing is one of the preventive measures to avoid various diseases that can be transmitted through hands. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic which has attacked almost all over the world has forced various levels of society to pay more attention to hygiene, especially hand hygiene which can be a bridge for the spread of the virus. The research conducted in this article uses qualitative research methods based on reviews and analysis from several journals related to the comparison of the effectiveness of handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer. The results showed that there was a difference in the number of microorganisms in the hands before and after washing hands. Soap and hand sanitizer can eliminate microorganisms because both of these ingredients contain ingredients that can reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the hands such as alcohol and triclosan. From the analysis of several journals related to the effectiveness of handwashing using soap and hand sanitizer can be concluded that hand washing using soap and water is considered more effective to eliminate microorganisms on the hands than just the use of hand sanitizer.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Dan Pengaplikasian Sabun Cuci Tangan Lidah Buaya Dalam Rangka Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Kunir Di Era Pandemic Covid19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251
Author(s):  
Amalia Eka
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Village

ABSTRAK Saat ini masyarakat sedang menghadapi wabah Virus Corona (Covid-19) yang sangat spesifik namun mempunyai efek kompleksitas yang tinggi, bahkan luar biasa, karena ekspektasinya tidak hanya di dunia kesehatan saja namun merambah semua sendi kehidupan manusia. Desa Kunir termasuk desa yang juga mengalami wabah Covid-19, Hal yang dapat masyarakat lakukan untuk memutus rantai penyebaran virus Covid-19 adalah dengan rajin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air bersih, serta menggunakan hand sanitizer secara berkala. Lidah buaya memiliki kandungan saponin yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk membersihkan dan bersifat antiseptik. Tujuan setelah pemberdayaan masyarakat desa kunir, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam memanfaatkan lidah buaya yang ada disekitar tempat tinggal untuk digunakan sebagai sabun cuci tangan. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa sosialisasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa kunir dalam pembuatan dan pengaplikasian sabun cuci tangan dari lidah buaya. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan tentang lidah buaya sebagai sabun cuci tangan yaitu 70 % diperoleh dari kuisioner sebelum dan sesudah dilaksanakan pembelajaran Kata Kunci : sabun cuci tangan, lidah buaya, desa kunir ABSTRACTCurrently, the community is facing a very specific Corona Virus (Covid-19) outbreak but has a high, even extraordinary complexity effect because the expectations are not only in the world of health but also penetrate all aspects of human life. Kunir Village is one of the villages that have also experienced the Covid-19 outbreak. What people can do to break the chain of spreading the Covid-19 virus is to diligently wash their hands with soap and clean water, and use hand sanitizers regularly. Aloe vera contains saponins which have the ability to clean and are antiseptic. The goal after empowering the people of turmeric village is expected to increase their knowledge and ability to use aloe vera around the residence to be used as hand washing soap. The activities carried out are in the form of socialization and empowerment of the village community in turmeric in the manufacture and application of handwashing soap from aloe vera. There is an increase in knowledge and abilities about aloe vera as hand washing soap, which is 70% obtained from questionnaires before and after the learning is carried out. Keywords: hand washing soap, aloe vera, kunir village

scholarly journals 1156. Observation of Stethoscope Sanitation Practices in an Emergency Department Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S348-S348
Author(s):  
Rajiv Vasudevan ◽  
Sean Mojaver ◽  
Kay-Won Chang ◽  
Alan Maisel ◽  
Romteen Sedighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Patient Interaction ◽  
Emergency Department Setting ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Nosocomial infections pose significant risk to patients and hygienic standards may be easily overlooked, especially in fast-paced emergency department settings. Studies have shown that stethoscopes can harbor pathogens, which can be transferred to patients when proper sanitary measures are not taken. Survey-based studies have mostly assessed stethoscope hygiene, but they may not accurately represent cleaning practice. This study aimed to accurately assess cleaning practice through observation of stethoscope cleaning and hand hygiene among medical providers in an emergency department setting. Methods Four hundred twenty-six provider–patient encounters were observed in the emergency department of the VA San Diego Healthcare System. The frequency and methods of stethoscope and hand hygiene practices were anonymously observed and recorded. Stethoscope hygiene was recorded during and after each encounter if cleaning took place for at least 15 seconds. Hand hygiene data were also gathered before and after each encounter. Data analysis was performed to determine the frequency of these practices. Results Of 426 encounters, 115 involved the use of a personal stethoscope. In 15 of 115 encounters (13.0%), the provider placed a glove over the stethoscope before patient contact. Following patient interaction, 13 of 115 encounters (11.3%) involved stethoscope hygiene with an alcohol swab. Stethoscope hygiene with water and hand towel before patient interaction was observed in 5 of 115 encounters (4.3%). Hand sanitizer use or hand washing was observed in 213 of 426 encounters (50.0%) before patient interaction. Gloves were also used prior to patient interaction in 206 of 426 (48.4%) encounters, some overlapping with those who used hand sanitizer or washed their hands. Hand sanitizer or hand washing was used in 332 of 426 encounters (77.9%) after patient interaction. Conclusion Only 11.3% of encounters involving the use of a personal stethoscope had stethoscope sanitation with an alcohol swab. In 4.3% post-encounters, there was an attempt to clean stethoscopes with water and towel. Rates of appropriate hand hygiene were also lower than expected. Stethoscope and hand hygiene standards need to be raised to reduce infection risk and further studies need to be conducted to set guidelines for adequate stethoscope sanitation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Larry Page’s Styles of Leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Anggita Rachmanantya ◽  
Sari Wahyuni ◽  
Andi Nurrohman ◽  
Anansya Ralia ◽  
Aniek Martono
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Transformational Leader ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Speak Up

Leaders are very important for organizations and businesses. The various characters of leaders can determine the success of an organization due to their role and responsibility for planning, organizing, and decision-making of organizational strategies to achieve their goals. One of the leaders whose characteristic is quite interesting and possibly become our role models is Larry Page, a co-founder of Google Inc. The researchers used qualitative research methods by descriptive research in explaining Larry Page style of leadership in leading Google Inc. Result of this study shows that Larry Page has a very open and equal way of leading, making him a democratic and transformational leader for an instance Larry believe in crazy ideas of their employees since he believes that insane ideas could change the world whereas not all the leaders can trust their subordinate. To hear the ideas, Larry always encourages his subordinate to speak up at every opportunity and instantly give them constructive feedback.

A Comparison of Hand Washing Techniques To Remove Escherichia coli and Caliciviruses under Natural or Artificial Fingernails

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2296-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-MIN LIN ◽  
FONE-MAO WU ◽  
HOI-KYUNG KIM ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽  
BARRY S. MICHAELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Escherichia Coli Jm109 ◽  
Viral Indicators

Compared with other parts of the hand, the area beneath fingernails harbors the most microorganisms and is most difficult to clean. Artificial fingernails, which are usually long and polished, reportedly harbor higher microbial populations than natural nails. Hence, the efficacy of different hand washing methods for removing microbes from natural and artificial fingernails was evaluated. Strains of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli JM109 and feline calicivirus (FCV) strain F9 were used as bacterial and viral indicators, respectively. Volunteers with artificial or natural nails were artificially contaminated with ground beef containing E. coli JM109 or artificial feces containing FCV. Volunteers washed their hands with tap water, regular liquid soap, antibacterial liquid soap, alcohol-based hand sanitizer gel, regular liquid soap followed by alcohol gel, or regular liquid soap plus a nailbrush. The greatest reduction of inoculated microbial populations was obtained by washing with liquid soap plus a nailbrush, and the least reduction was obtained by rubbing hands with alcohol gel. Lower but not significantly different (P > 0.05) reductions of E. coli and FCV counts were obtained from beneath artificial than from natural fingernails. However, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher E. coli and FCV counts were recovered from hands with artificial nails than from natural nails before and after hand washing. In addition, microbial cell numbers were correlated with fingernail length, with greater numbers beneath fingernails with longer nails. These results indicate that best practices for fingernail sanitation of food handlers are to maintain short fingernails and scrub fingernails with soap and a nailbrush when washing hands.

scholarly journals Kendala Implementasi Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Hindu Pada Siswa Kelas V Di SDN Pandawei-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3a) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasmini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Corona virus or covid 19 is a dangerous virus that attacks the human respiratory system. Corona virus able to change the order of almost all of life’s joints in the world of education. In order to break the chain of the covid 19, goverments introduce a pattern of long range learning by means online learning. Application of this learning model certainly brings its own impact to students. The puspose of this study is to know the impact students are experiencing class 5 country primary school Pandawei during the online learning system. The method used was qualitative research methods with data collection techniques thrugh interviews and observations. The analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive. The main find of this research is increased students study habits using this online learning methods because the students are becoming accustomed  with technology so they’re easier discovering additional information about the lesson materials received search school.

scholarly journals The Popularity of Faerlina US - World of Warcraft Classic Server: Game Study Using Qualitative Research Methods on the World of Warcraft Classic Game Server

MEDIASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Deddy Stevano H. Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
World Of Warcraft ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Playing Game ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research discusses the popularity of Faerlina US which is one of the game server of the game World of Warcraft Classic (WoW Classic), a MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) game version which is one of the World of Warcraft game version released on 26 August 2019. This study uses several qualitative research methods, namely participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and studies of previous studies. The results of this study indicate that the popularity of Faerlina US tends to be driven by the popularity of twitch.tv streamers who play on these servers. This research also shows that Faerlina has also become popular because it is interesting to be a place to conduct economic activities such as selling virtual items and conducting gold-virtual currency transactions into real money.

Constructing the Fundamental Principles of Taxation through Triangulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Hanneke du Preez
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Question ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Taxation principles were applied as early as 4000 BC in Sumer. The formulation of recognized taxation principles commenced formally with Adam Smith in 1776. He called them the four maxims of taxation. The principles formulated by Smith were grounded in his observations and personal experiences of the world. After Smith, several individuals, committees, and reviews added their ideas to the principles of taxation. The question discussed in this paper is whether these principles formulated through the years are scientifically grounded. In order to ground the principles scientifically, three qualitative research methods were conducted. Method 1 is a thematic analysis of taxation history. Method 2 applies a qualitative research design called an Interactive Qualitative Analysis. Finally, Method 3 uses a single question in writing, sent to taxation experts from various countries. The question asked in Methods 2 and 3 is: What are the fundamental principles of taxation that are essential to taxation internationally as a discipline? The findings of the three research methods were triangulated in order to propose a set of six fundamental principles of taxation. The six proposed principles are: efficient and effective administration and communication; certain, neutral, understandable legislation; equity influencing different levels of society; taxpayers' duty to contribute to society versus the government's duty to strike a balance between taking too little and taking too much; benefits to the public through taxation; and change unwanted social behavior. JEL Classifications: H2; H3.

Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Nabina Chaudhary ◽  
Manis Dahal ◽  
Biswash Guragain ◽  
Sumie Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Unique Chemical

Today, the entire globe is struggling to deal with the greatest pandemic of the century, COVID-19. With no clinically approved treatments available, we are left with no options other than following the preventive measures issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among many others, hand washing with soap and water has been emphasized the most because it is cost-effective and easily accessible to the general public. Various studies have reported that soaps offer unique chemical properties that can disinfect the virus as a whole. However, there is still ambiguity in the general public about whether soaps can really shield us from this highly contagious disease. In an attempt to help eliminate the ambiguity, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of soap and its prospect for preventing the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we have provided an overview of the history and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the detailed mechanisms of the deactivation of viruses by soaps, and the potential effectiveness of soap in eliminating coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling Untuk Mengatasi Masalah Menyontek dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMA Negeri 11 Ambon

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwatib Purwatib
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Counseling Service ◽  
Cheat Behavior ◽  
School Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All

The problem of cheating for learners is not something new in the world of school. When school programs begin to enter the stage of assessment, then there are also various behavior patterns of learners to prepare themselves to face a test or test. In fact, in schools such as SMA Negeri 11 Ambon there are some students of class X IPS do cheat behavior at the time of replication take place. The research was conducted in SMA Negeri 11 Ambon, the result of the research showed that there were differences of learners behavior, before and after the students got guidance and counseling service. Of the 40 respondents who originally cheated, after being given guidance almost all declared no and have abandoned the attitude of cheating.

scholarly journals Exploring online search behavior for COVID-19 preventive measures: The Philippine case

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249810
Author(s):  
Adrian Galido ◽  
Jerina Jean Ecleo ◽  
Atina Husnayain ◽  
Emily Chia-Yu Su
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Search Terms

Public health agencies have suggested nonpharmaceutical interventions to curb the spread of the COVID-19 infections. The study intended to explore the information-seeking behavior and information needs on preventive measures for COVID-19 in the Philippine context. The search interests and related queries for COVID-19 terms and each of the preventive measures for the period from December 31, 2019 to April 6, 2020 were generated from Google Trends. The search terms employed for COVID-19 were coronavirus, ncov, covid-19, covid19 and “covid 19.” The search terms of the preventive measures considered for this study included “community quarantine”, “cough etiquette”, “face mask” or facemask, “hand sanitizer”, handwashing or “hand washing” and “social distancing.” Spearman’s correlation was employed between the new daily COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 terms and the different preventive measures. The relative search volume for the coronavirus disease showed an increase up to the pronouncement of the country’s first case of COVID-19. An uptrend was also evident after the country’s first local transmission was confirmed. A strong positive correlation (rs = .788, p < .001) was observed between the new daily cases and search interests for COVID-19. The search interests for the different measures and the new daily cases were also positively correlated. Similarly, the search interests for the different measures and the COVID-19 terms were all positively correlated. The search interests for “face mask” or facemask, “hand sanitizer” and handwashing or “hand washing” were more correlated with the search interest for COVID-19 than with the number of new daily COVID-19 cases. The search interests for “cough etiquette”, “social distancing” and “community quarantine” were more correlated with the number of new daily COVID-19 cases than with the search interest for COVID-19. The public sought for additional details such as type, directions for proper use, and where to purchase as well as do-it-yourself alternatives for personal protective items. Personal protective or community measures were expected to be accompanied with definitions and guidelines as well as be available in translated versions. Google Trends could be a viable option to monitor and address the information needs of the public during a disease outbreak. Capturing and analyzing the search interests of the public could support the design and timely delivery of appropriate information essential to drive preventive measures during a disease outbreak.

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