scholarly journals The Shortlist Effect: Nestedness contributions as a tool to explain cultural success

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Olivier Morin ◽  
Oleg Sobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Cultural Selection ◽  
Work Content ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Detecting the forces behind the success or failure of cultural products, such as books or films, remains a challenge. Three such forces are drift, context-biased selection, and selection based on content—when things succeed because of their intrinsic appeal. We propose a tool to study content-biased selection in sets of cultural collections—e.g. libraries or movie collections — based on the “shortlist effect”: the fact that smaller collections are more selective, more likely to favour highly appealing items over others. We use a model to show that, when the shortlist effect is at work, content-biased cultural selection is associated with greater nestedness in sets of collections. Having established empirically the existence of the shortlist effect, and of content-biased selection, in 28 sets of movie collections, we show that nestedness contributions can be used to estimate to what extent specific movies owe their success to their intrinsic properties. This method can be used in a wide range of datasets to detect the items that owe their success to their intrinsic appeal, as opposed to “hidden gems” or “accidental hits”.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cellular Uptake Studies of Self-Assembled Fluorinated Nanoparticles Labelled with Antibodies

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Mona Atabakhshi-Kashi ◽  
Mónica Carril ◽  
Hossein Mahdavi ◽  
Wolfgang J. Parak ◽  
Carolina Carrillo-Carrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Fluorinated Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with antibodies (Abs) on their surface are used in a wide range of bioapplications. Whereas the attachment of antibodies to single NPs to trigger the internalization in cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis has been widely studied, the conjugation of antibodies to larger NP assemblies has been much less explored. Taking into account that NP assemblies may be advantageous for some specific applications, the possibility of incorporating targeting ligands is quite important. Herein, we performed the effective conjugation of antibodies onto a fluorescent NP assembly, which consisted of fluorinated Quantum Dots (QD) self-assembled through fluorine–fluorine hydrophobic interactions. Cellular uptake studies by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry revealed that the NP assembly underwent the same uptake procedure as individual NPs; that is, the antibodies retained their targeting ability once attached to the nanoassembly, and the NP assembly preserved its intrinsic properties (i.e., fluorescence in the case of QD nanoassembly).

scholarly journals Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles by Inorganic Entities

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Dumur ◽  
Eddy Dumas ◽  
Cédric R. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Gold Surface ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Gold Core ◽  
Inorganic Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electron Donating Groups

The great affinity of gold surface for numerous electron-donating groups has largely contributed to the rapid development of functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). In the last years, a new subclass of nanocomposite has emerged, based on the association of inorganic molecular entities (IME) with Au-NPs. This highly extended and diversified subclass was promoted by the synergy between the intrinsic properties of the shell and the gold core. This review—divided into four main parts—focuses on an introductory section of the basic notions related to the stabilization of gold nanoparticles and defines in a second part the key role played by the functionalizing agent. Then, we present a wide range of inorganic molecular entities used to prepare these nanocomposites (NCs). In particular, we focus on four different types of inorganic systems, their topologies, and their current applications. Finally, the most recent applications are described before an overview of this new emerging field of research.

scholarly journals RNA Chemistry for RNA Biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Röthlisberger ◽  
Christian Berk ◽  
Jonathan Hall
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rna Biology ◽  
Modified Nucleic Acids

Advances in the chemical synthesis of RNA have opened new possibilities to address current questions in RNA biology. Access to site-specifically modified oligoribonucleotides is often a pre-requisite for RNA chemical-biology projects. Driven by the enormous research efforts for development of oligonucleotide therapeutics, a wide range of chemical modifications have been developed to modulate the intrinsic properties of nucleic acids in order to fit their use as therapeutics or research tools. The RNA synthesis platform, supported by the NCCR RNA & Disease, aims to provide access to a large variety of chemically modified nucleic acids. In this review, we describe some of the recent projects that involved work of the platform and highlight how RNA chemistry supports new discoveries in RNA biology.

scholarly journals IDENTITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
E.V. Alzemeneva ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Mamaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
The City

Modern research on the sustainability of the urban environment mainly focuses on environmental factors like water, air, energy and transport, while urban identity rarely attracts attention. The concept of sustainability, which includes the identity of the urban environment, combines a wide range of factors, including urban planning and architectural objects, natural, geographical, cultural products and social norms. With modern architectural and urban development and globalization, cities are increasingly facing the problem of losing their original identity. In the context of the concept of the identity of the urban environment considered in this study, the role of urban planning objects, architecture and culture in the formation and maintenance of the unique identity of the city of Astrakhan and the need for considerable attention to the resource of identity for the development of the city and the region is stressed.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES, PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION AND VARIOUS TECHNIQUE OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION IN NATIVE STARCH: A DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
BISHAL JYOTI BORDOLOI ◽  
BHUPEN KALITA ◽  
DIBYENDU SHIL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thickening Power ◽  
And Storage

Starch is one important natural polymer that finds application in the formulation of dosage forms as the binder, disintegrates, diluents, gelling agent etc. Starch is drawing the attention in drug delivery as it is cheap, non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable and compatible with many other materials for industrial application. Starch has vital intrinsic properties that have made its pharmaceutical applications possible. It has also been used for a wide range of particular drug delivery applications, such as the delivery of challenging molecules and targeting to specific sites in the body. Starches are integrally unsuitable for most applications such as loss of viscosity and thickening power upon cooking and storage, retrogradation characteristics and absence of certain groups responsible for a particular function etc. So, in order to reduce its limitations and improve its applications, modification of starch is necessary. It can be modified by several ways like chemical modification, physical modification and genetic modification but the most important one is the chemical modification. This review summarizes the properties and application of native starchin conventional drug delivery systems within a world of dynamic drug production technology. It also describes the chemical modification like cross-linking, esterification, etherification and dual modification of starch.

Polyols – more than sweeteners

2013 ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Radeloff ◽  
Roland H.F. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemical ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Industry

Polyols – produced today at a millions of tons scale by hydrogenation or fermentation of carbohydrates from renewable raw materials – have become a valuable “natural” ingredient in a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, chemical and technical industry. Beyond sweetness at low calorific value and favourable glycemic response, the intrinsic properties of polyols make them versatile and widely used bulking agents, humectants, binders, complexing agents, plasticizers and chemical reactants, whenever “green chemistry” solutions are looked for.

scholarly journals Perineuronal Net Dynamics in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 153575972110186
Author(s):  
Lata Chaunsali ◽  
Bhanu P. Tewari ◽  
Harald Sontheimer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Perineuronal Nets ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Perineuronal Net ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Wide Range

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) assemblies of polyanionic chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and tenascins that primarily wrap around GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. During development, PNN formation terminates the critical period of neuroplasticity, a process that can be reversed by experimental disruption of PNNs. Perineuronal nets also regulate the intrinsic properties of the enclosed PV neurons thereby maintaining their inhibitory activity. Recent studies have implicated PNNs in central nervous system diseases as well as PV neuron dysfunction; consequently, they have further been associated with altered inhibition, particularly in the genesis of epilepsy. A wide range of seizure presentations in human and rodent models exhibit ECM remodeling with PNN disruption due to elevated protease activity. Inhibition of PNN proteolysis reduces seizure activity suggesting that PNN degrading enzymes may be potential novel therapeutic targets.

Unpacking Indonesia's Cultural Diplomacy: Potentials and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
N. Viartasiwi ◽  
A. Trihartono ◽  
A.E Hara
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Cultural diplomacy is an influential element of soft power. The concept covers a wide range of activities that aim to promote national interests through strengthening relationships and enhancing sociocultural cooperation among countries. Cultural diplomacy is built upon the culture, identity, and values of the country. As government apparatuses often activate cultural diplomacy, it is civil society that plays the most prominent role. This study takes Indonesia`s diplomacy as a case study to highlight the importance of cultural diplomacy as a soft power instrument. The study seeks to identify the challenges in the creation of a grand narrative of Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy. Finally, the study argues that in the age of globalization in which the world is moving toward a global culture, Indonesia`s cultural diplomacy concept that is rotating around its unique culture, identity and values needs to be reassessed to not only contain unique Indonesian cultural products, but also contain the spirit of the culture, values, and traditions of the Indonesian people who have sustained the unity of Indonesia. Keywords: Cultural Diplomacy; Soft Power; Indonesia *

Powder Metallurgy of Nanostructured High Strength Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 1405-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Eckert ◽  
S. Scudino ◽  
P. Yu ◽  
C. Duhamel
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Attrition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Nanostructured or partially amorphous Al- and Zr-based alloys are attractive candidates for advanced high-strength lightweight materials. The strength of such materials is often 2 – 3 times higher than the strength of commercial crystalline alloys. Further property improvements are achievable by designing multi-phase composite materials with optimized length scale and intrinsic properties of the constituent phases. Such alloys can be prepared by quenching from the melt or by powder metallurgy using mechanical attrition techniques. This paper focuses on mechanically attrited powders containing amorphous or nano-(quasi)crystalline phases and on their consolidation into bulk specimens. Selected examples of mechanical deformation behavior are presented, revealing that the properties can be tuned within a wide range of strength and ductility as a function of size and volume fraction of the different phases.

scholarly journals A Hyperfluorinated Hydrophilic Molecule for Aqueous 19F MRI Contrast Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Tanifum ◽  
Laxman Devkota ◽  
Conelius Ngwa ◽  
Andrew A. Badachhape ◽  
Ketan B. Ghaghada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Mri Contrast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Phantom Studies ◽  
Hydrophilic Molecule

Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential for a wide range of in vivo applications but is limited by lack of flexibility in exogenous probe formulation. Most 19F MRI probes are composed of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) or perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) with intrinsic properties which limit formulation options. Hydrophilic organofluorine molecules can provide more flexibility in formulation options. We report herein a hyperfluorinated hydrophilic organoflourine, ET1084, with ∼24 wt. % 19F content. It dissolves in water and aqueous buffers to give solutions with ≥8 M 19F. 19F MRI phantom studies at 9.4T employing a 10-minute multislice multiecho (MSME) scan sequence show a linear increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with increasing concentrations of the molecule and a detection limit of 5 mM. Preliminary cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessments suggest it is safe at concentrations of up to 20 mM.

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