European Citizenship Rights and European Fiscal Politics After the Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Greer ◽  
Holly Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effects ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
European Central ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The economic effects of the financial crisis in the eurozone have been much studied, but the impact of political and institutional changes made amidst crisis conditions have been less studied. This article examines the changes in the EU since 2008 through the lens of T.H. Marshall’s concept of citizenship, gauging the effects of different changes in the EU polity on the citizenship rights of individuals. The key changes are in fiscal governance, which includes a new treaty as well as substantial legislation changing the balance of powers within and competencies of the EU institutions, the European Central Bank’s role and the Troika arrangements for countries in crisis. We find that while the EU’s contribution to civil citizenship in Europe is relatively intact, the development of its fiscal governance is bringing serious negative consequences for political and social citizenship in all member states. The EU is adopting policies that entrust more power to less democratically accountable institutions with the objective of fiscal rigour rather than social citizenship.

scholarly journals The Ability of Selected European Countries to Face the Impending Economic Crisis Caused by COVID-19 in the Context of the Global Economic Crisis of 2008

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Róbert Oravský ◽  
Peter Tóth ◽  
Anna Bánociová
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Confidence Index ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Impact

This paper is devoted to the ability of selected European countries to face the potential economic crisis caused by COVID-19. Just as other pandemics in the past (e.g., SARS, Spanish influenza, etc.) have had negative economic effects on countries, the current COVID-19 pandemic is causing the beginning of another economic crisis where countries need to take measures to mitigate the economic effects. In our analysis, we focus on the impact of selected indicators on the GDP of European countries using a linear panel regression to identify significant indicators to set appropriate policies to eliminate potential negative consequences on economic growth due to the current recession. The European countries are divided into four groups according to the measures they took in the fiscal consolidation of the last economic crisis of 2008. In the analysis, we observed how the economic crisis influences GDP, country indebtedness, deficit, tax collection, interest rates, and the consumer confidence index. Our findings include that corporate income tax recorded the biggest decline among other tax collections. The interest rate grew in the group of countries most at risk from the economic crisis, while the interest rate fell in the group of countries that seemed to be safe for investors. The consumer confidence index can be considered interesting, as it fell sharply in the group of countries affected only minimally by the crisis (Switzerland, Finland).

The Eastern Enlargement of the European Union: Challenges to Democracy?1

Human Affairs ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darina Malová ◽  
Branislav Dolný
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The Eastern Enlargement of the European Union: Challenges to Democracy?Recent scholarship assesses the impact of the European Union's conditionality on democracy in Central and Eastern Europe in a contradictory way. On one hand, the EU is perceived as a key agent of successful democratic consolidation and on other hand, the return of nationalist and populist politics in new member states has been explored in the context of the negative consequences of the hasty accession that undermined government accountability and constrained public debate over policy alternatives. This article explains this puzzle of the ambiguous effects of the EU's politics of conditionality, which promoted institutions stabilizing the horizontal division of powers, rule of law, human and minority rights protection, but which neglected norms and rules of participatory and/or popular democracy.

scholarly journals The costs of resource-led development. An analysis of the economic impact of the oil extraction boom in Colombia

2016 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Paulina Kupisz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

Oil-rich countries often face negative consequences of natural resources-led development on their overall economic performance. One of the reasons is that a country’s rising extraction rates frequently lead to various changes in its public policy and revenue management. Colombia has spectacularly increased its oil production by almost 500,000 barrels per day (bpd) in ten years, which was the effect principally of the implementation of strongly market-oriented petroleum policies in 2003. It is now the fourth largest crude producer in Latin America, registering nearly ten times more export sales than at the end of the 20th century. The economic effects of the oil-boom are already visible, which has created many new challenges the government must face in order to ensure sustainable development in the country, and to be able to mitigate the impact of the recently dropping world oil prices. The purpose of the article is to present the latest findings on the impact of the oil sector development on the Colombian economy in the 21st century, focusing especially on the current situation.

Environmental and Economic Effects of Fuel Savings in Driving Phase Resulting from Substitution of Light Metals in European Passenger Car Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110064
Author(s):  
Yiğit Türe ◽  
Cengiz Türe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Light Metals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU), which realizes one-quarter of the automobile production in the world, has made legal regulations to minimize fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in the automotive sector, to prevent global warming and climate change. Life cycle analysis for passenger cars revealed that 90% of this effect is caused by the driving phase of the vehicles. One of the practices used in the automotive industry to minimize the impact of these factors is to reduce the vehicle mass as much as possible. Aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) are increasingly preferred lightweight materials, since the weight is a critical design element for automobile production. This study aims to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of fuel consumption, fuel expense, and CO2 emission resulting from the driving cycle by creating a mathematical model of the weight savings achieved with Al and Mg substitution in the passenger car fleet produced in the EU. The results show that the average weight reduction per vehicle achieved by substituting light metals in passenger car production in the EU over the past 20 years has reached approximately 11.2% and that the positive effect on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in the driving cycle will contribute to environmentally and economically sustainable road transport.

scholarly journals Green Energy Management through the Implementation of RES in the EU. Analysis of the Opinions of Poland and Germany

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8097
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jałowiec ◽  
Henryk Wojtaszek ◽  
Ireneusz Miciuła
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The EU’s energy policy is geared towards introducing changes in order to stop or avoid negative climate change. The determinants of the energy policies of Poland and Germany are presented along with the priorities until 2050. The possibilities of reducing the impact of energy on the environment were interpreted, emphasizing its common goal. Activities supporting the EU and maintaining the level of energy security are indicated. Possible negative effects in the social and health sphere are presented as a response to the failure to implement these demands. The literature was analyzed and proprietary questionnaires were carried out, and the results realized in the EU by the independent FBI Economic Department were implemented. On the basis of earlier pilot studies, variants of a successful transformation were implemented, assuming different roles performed by a citizen (entrepreneur). Opportunities to tackle climate change and global challenges have been identified based on innovation and motivation. The opinion on the way of thinking in Poland and Germany was compared, and a descriptive model was prepared to increase the achievement of the assumed goals, together with a model based on innovation. Citizens should be active in efforts to promote renewable energy. The EU has a strong base to work to avoid climate change. What is needed is innovative thinking and a motivation to introduce changes with the involvement of every citizen through solidarity, efficiency, and justice. The existing foundations of legal solutions create adaptation possibilities and the ability to achieve goals through self-discipline, comparing with the assumption of EU civic awareness, significantly affecting the successful implementation of RES. Analyzing the attitudes of Poland and Germany, it seems that the distant social consequences are not sufficient. It is necessary not only to perform selected management functions (planning, organizing), but also partly to motivate. There is a strong need to increase motivation and implement the control process required under the threat of negative consequences in the current period as a key strategic preventive action. The analysis of the opinions of Poland and Germany against the background of the European Union allowed for no significant differences, subject to Germany’s readiness to take greater risk. Most of Poland is less inclined to take risks. The lack of an unambiguous opinion may indicate incomplete awareness of both the negative effects of climate change. Both countries are concerned about the unplanned costs of transformation. Germany, unlike Poland, has dedicated employees to handle the climate, and conducts an energy audit and is of interest to investors, thanks to investment plans.

EU Sanitary Standards and Sub-Saharan African Agricultural Exports: A Case Study of the Livestock Sector in East Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Geboye Desta
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Poor People ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

For most sub-Saharan African countries, participation in international trade almost always means exporting primary, often agricultural, products and importing machinery and other manufacturing goods. In appreciation of the detrimental economic effects of this situation on SSA countries, the EU has had one of the oldest and most generous preferential schemes for the benefit of these countries. This article argues, based on detailed analysis of EU food import law and its application to livestock products coming from East Africa, that these otherwise generous preferential schemes have been deprived of any effect by the stringent sanitary and phytosanitary requirements that are beyond the capacity of the producers in these countries to satisfy. It further argues that the current approach of the WTO system regarding SPS issues, which leaves countries free to impose standards of their choosing without any regard for the impact of such measures on the lives of producers in other countries, only accords a convenient blanket with which to wrap measures otherwise motivated by protectionist interests. It concludes that the only way the EU or any other country could support the SSA agricultural sector and the large number of poor people working in it is by helping governments and producers to enhance their production standards.

COVID Pandemic and its Influence as Fragmentation of EU Market and Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Nikolay Marin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effects ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe prevalence of the COVID 19 virus from an epidemic evolved into a pandemic and that was proclaimed by the WHO. Managing health problems has inherently come in a direct connection with a range of systems and industries such as health, economy, and national security. The measures that are taken to curb the virus have had an extremely adverse effect on the EU and its Member States, which are among the most affected ones. Achievements such as the common market and internal security that are built on the free movement of the four freedoms are limited for the first time in a way that affects the whole Union and its Member States. In most of the EU Member States state of emergency is established and the governments apply restrictive measures. The article examines the impact of the health problem and the achievements of the common market and concludes further normalization of free movement in the EU. The economic effects of the COVID pandemic will prevent emerging countries from providing key services. This will lead to trust undermining in government and internal security challenges.

scholarly journals Does the EU Regional Policy reinforce the European citizenship?

2015 ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Courcelle ◽  
François Taulelle
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Concrete Construction ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The European institutions are often described as distant, inaccessible and understandable to citizens. The EU Regional Policies, which starts at the local and regional level, however, shows that Europe is also a concrete construction. The files for EU funds, although it is often tedious, requires local and regional authorities to adopt a proactive and conscious approach and opt for an approach based on cooperation and partnership. Many politicians therefore consider that cohesion policy has helped to bring Europe closer to the citizens, giving the European project a more palpable face. We try in this paper to define what is European citizenship meant and to measure the impact of the EU Regional Policies to European citizens.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_12_9

scholarly journals MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Olena Bulatova ◽  
Oleksandr Osaulenko ◽  
Olha Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Intensification of destabilizing processes in the world economy, increasing the impact of global challenges and the spread of uncertainty in the conditions of economic activity actualize scientific research to ensure a high level of economic security of countries and regions. This in turn requires a thorough systematic analysis and assessment of the level of security and the state of the security environment based on the development of appropriate methodological tools. Taking it into account, the presented research is aimed at developing a system for monitoring and assessing the level of security development of the countries of the European region, based on the tools of multidimensional assessment and construction of complex integrated indicators. The article is aimed to development of the system for monitoring and assessing the EU security level, which consists of comprehensive assessment of the formation of security development factors, construction of the security level integrated indexes, which allowes to classify the EU countries according to the security level, to identify the features and intensity of the influence of the different determinants on the security level formation, to establish the peculiarities of the EU countries distribution within the regional security space. The object of the study is the regional security complex of the EU, based on the monitoring system – 24 indicators, which are systematized by nature (economic, sociodemographic, environmental) and direction of impact (incentives, disincentives), which are assessed for the period 2010–2019. The results show a high assessment of the integrated level of security in countries such as Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Slovakia, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany; Ireland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, and Denmark have the highest security positions in terms of the economic component of the security level, Cyprus, Slovenia, Ireland, Luxembourg and Slovenia in terms of socio-demographic, and Sweden, Austria, Denmark, Finland and Portugal in terms of environmental security. The reduced impact of the economic security component factors, maintaining a moderate impact of the socio-demographic security component factors, the increasing influence of the environmental factors are determined. Statistical analysis of the distribution of the EU countries by security level in 2010–2019 confirmed the tendency to equalize the level of security development of the EU countries within the regional security complex, to reduce the level of variation of integrated assessments of security levels, to increase the share of countries with high levels. Building a matrix of positioning of the EU countries by the integrated level of security and the intensity of its dynamics allowed to divide the countries and zones of relative security and danger, and to determine that the most risky positions are in Italy, Bulgaria and Romania. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the possibility of applying the proposed system of monitoring the level of security in the development and implementation of regional security strategy of the EU development, which will more effectively monitor changes, prevent risks and threats, prevent negative consequences.

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