Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of the Activity of Protease in Animal Feed Additives and in Animal Feedingstuffs

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Dillon ◽  
K. Filer ◽  
C.A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Animal Feeds

SummaryThe nutrient availability in animal feeds can be improved by including exogenous enzymes to the feed, either by helping breakdown anti-nutritional factors or by increasing digestibility of complex ingredients thereby releasing more nutrients for utilisation. This process can improve the efficiency of meat and egg production, increase animal health, decrease feeding costs and reduce nutrients in animal waste. Proteases are protein-digesting enzymes that are used in animal nutrition to break down storage proteins in various plant materials and proteinaceous anti-nutrients in vegetable proteins. The analysis of exogenous proteases in feed additives and after they have been added to feed has proven technically challenging. Accordingly, the purpose of this work was to validate a method for the determination of the activity of protease in animal feed additives and supplemented animal feed. The approach used for the assay was to adapt an assay based on the hydrolysis of haemoglobin. The method validations examined a range of parameters including; linearity & range; uncertainty, sensitivity, accuracy and studies designed to highlight any possible matrix effects on various types of supplemented feed. The assay method described herein is convenient and inexpensive and could be applied to the analysis of proteases in animal feeds during quality control and in investigating fraudulent adulteration of feed to ensure the authenticity and traceability of the product.

Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of the Activity of Xylanase in Animal Feed Additives and in Animal Feedingstuffs

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Dillon ◽  
K. Filer ◽  
M. Gaffney ◽  
C.A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Animal Feeds

SummaryExogenous carbohydrases are commonly added to monogastric feed to help degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). This action can increase the nutrient availability of feedingstuffs and decrease digestive disturbances, thus improving animal performance. This in turn can lead to improved feed conversion efficiency in meat and egg production. In light of the benefits associated with dietary xylanase inclusion, so too has it become increasingly relevant to quantity them in poultry feed premixtures with additional enzyme activities and directly in compound feed. Hitherto, the analysis of the activity of xylanase in animal feeds has proved difficult. Despite the widespread acceptance of the DNS method for the quantification of xylanase activity, it is not without limitations which can lead to erroneous under- or over-estimation of activity, and is particularly variable depending on the feed matrix wherein it is measured. The current method validation examined the following parameters: linearity, precision, uncertainty, sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) and the experiments were designed to highlight any interference from protease co-ingredients and possible matrix effects in various types of supplemented feed. The assay method described is convenient and inexpensive and could be applied to the rapid and routine analysis of xylanases in animal feeds during quality control and in investigating fraudulent adulteration of feed to ensure the authenticity and traceability of the product.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fungal Feed Additives in Animals: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Wen Yang Chuang ◽  
Yun Chen Hsieh ◽  
Tzu-Tai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Functional Components

As probiotics, fungi enhance animal health and are suitable animal feed additives. In addition to brewing fungi, there are also edible and medicinal fungi. Common fungi utilized in feeding programs include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Pleurotus spp., Antrodia cinnamomea, and Cordyceps militaris. These fungi are rich in glucans, polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenes, ergosterol, adenosine, and laccases. These functional components play important roles in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and immune system regulation. As such, fungal feed additives could be of potential use when breeding livestock. In previous studies, fungal feed additives enhanced body weight and egg production in poultry and improved the feed conversion rate. Several mycotoxins can be produced by hazardous fungi but fortunately, the cell walls constituents and enzymes of fungal probiotics can also act to decrease the toxicity of mycotoxins. Overall, fungal feed additives are of value, but their safety and usage must be studied further, including cost-benefit economic analyses.

scholarly journals The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Hsin-Der Shih ◽  
Yih-Min Shy ◽  
Shang-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health It ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

scholarly journals Multiresidue method for the simultaneous analysis of antibiotics and mycotoxins in feeds by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ü.İ. Konak ◽  
H.A. Yatmaz ◽  
Ş. Nilüfer ◽  
T. Erkaymaz ◽  
M. Certel
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Multiresidue Method ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Feed Samples

AbstractResidues in animal feeds and foods of animal origin have been important safety issue concerning both human and animal health. A multiresidue method for determination of eight mycotoxins and ten antibiotics was developed and validated in animal feeds by using QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Optimisation of UHPLC-MS/MS parameters was performed to achieve good separation and resolution. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Matrix matched calibration curves showed good r2 (≥0.995) values, and limit of quantification (LOQ) values varied between 1.2 and 5.2 μg kg−1. Average recoveries ranged from 60 to 102% with relative standard deviations of 2.2 and 15.6% for all type of feed samples except for tetracyclines, lincomycin, tylosin, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin (B1 and B2).

scholarly journals Determination of Tetracyclines in Animal Feeds in the Presence of Other Drugs by Thin-Layer Chromatography and Microbiological Method

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis K Markakis
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Method Analysis

Abstract This method was developed to separate, detect, and quantitate oxytetracycline (OTC) or chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC HCI) in animal feeds in thepresence of 11 otherdrugs: 3 nitrofurans, 2 macrolideantibiotics,3 sulfonamides, 2 coccidiostatics, and 1 antibacterial growth promoter. OTC or CTC HCI was separated from coexisting drugs and detected by thin-layer chromatography, then quantitated microbiologically by the agar diffusion method. Analysis of 125 experimental animal feed samples fortified at 5 levels (7.5-400 ppm) with OTC or CTC HCI and at 1 level (50 ppm) with the rest of the drugs, respectively, gave a limit of quantitation of 1.25 or 0.625 ppm, a recovery of 90.6 or 92.9%, and a coefficient of variation of 2.9-6.1 or 2.3-4.4%.

scholarly journals Occurrence of ochratoxin A in animal tissues and feeds in Poland in 2014–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietruszka ◽  
Marta Piątkowska ◽  
Piotr Jedziniak
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Feed Analysis ◽  
Feed Samples

AbstractIntroduction: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite mainly produced by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillum spp. fungi. Research on the contamination of cereals, complete feeds, and tissues with this mycotoxin has indicated that it can be a toxicological problem impacting animal health and food safety in temperate climes. OTA contamination mainly besets the global pig industry, necessitating the monitoring of feeds and animal tissues. The aim of the study was to present the results of the official monitoring of OTA in animal tissues and feeds in Poland in 2014–2016 and determine the possible correlation between the presence of OTA in different types of samples.Material and Methods: The presence of ochratoxin A was determined using accepted procedures based on liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. Determination of OTA was afforded in the range of 0.3 μg/kg to 300 μg/kg in complete feeds and from 0.2 μg/kg to 150 μg/kg in the kidneys, liver, and muscles.Results: Over the three year span, about 23.5% of the animal tissues samples were contaminated by ochratoxin A. In the 2014 survey, 10% of the sample tissues contained 5–10 μg/kg (only one sample above 10 μg/kg), and in 2015 and 2016, 24% of samples showed levels above the limit of quantification 0.2 μg/kg, while none of the samples exceeded the established provisional action level of 5 μg/kg for animal tissues. The animal feed analysis showed that 9% was contaminated with ochratoxin A above the limit of quantification of 0.3μg/kg. In 2% of feed samples the OTA concentration was greater than 50 μg/kg.Conclusion: The results confirm the appropriacy of OTA contamination monitoring and help to increase food safety.

scholarly journals The Use of Mycotoxin Binder to Control Its Contamination in Feed

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Mei Widiyanti ◽  
Romsyah Maryam
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
And Storage

<p class="awabstrak2">The climate in Indonesia as a tropical country is very condusive for the growth of mycotoxins producing fungi. Mycotoxins have properties as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, estrogenic, neurotoxic, and immunotoxic. Mycotoxins reduce performance, appetite, weight, and immunity. They also cause reproductive disorders and generate the residues in animal products that affect human health. These can be prevented by controlling mycotoxins contamination in agricultural products that used for feed ingredients through good management practices (during planting, harvesting, and storage). Mycotoxins contamination can also be minimized by physical, chemical and biological treatments as well as the application of mycotoxin binders. This review describes the use of mycotoxin binders in animal feed. They are used as feed additives, may be derived from organic, inorganic materials or their combination. Combination of organic and inorganic substances proven to be more effective and efficient in controlling mycotoxin contamination. Therefore, it is recommended to use mycotoxin binders to prevent animal health disorder and to decrease mycotoxin residues in animal products.</p><p class="awabstrak3"> </p>

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Comparison of Methods Determining the Botanical Composition of Animal Feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Braglia ◽  
Laura Morello ◽  
Floriana Gavazzi ◽  
Silvia Gianì ◽  
Francesco Mastromauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Interlaboratory Trial ◽  
Quantitative Identification ◽  
Set Up

Abstract A consortium of European enterprises and research institutions has been engaged in the Feed-Code Project with the aim of addressing the requirements stated in European Union Regulation No. 767/2009, concerning market placement and use of feed of known and ascertained botanical composition. Accordingly, an interlaboratory trial was set up to compare the performance of different assays based either on optical microscope or DNA analysis for the qualitative and quantitative identification of the composition of compound animal feeds. A tubulin-based polymorphism method, on which the Feed-Code platform was developed, provided the most accurate results. The present study highlights the need for the performance of ring trials for the determination of the botanical composition of animal feeds and raises an alarm on the actual status of analytical inaccuracy.

Developments in techniques to test the efficacy of animal feed products

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-150
Author(s):  
Gerhard Flachowsky ◽  
◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Key Steps

Various animal feed products may influence animal health, conversion of animal feed into food of animal origin and the emissions caused by animals. All these matters are regulated in the directives of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This chapter first discusses EFSA guidance on how to compile dossiers for feed additives. The chapter then discusses key issues and steps in demonstrating the efficacy of new animal feed products: reduction of nitrogen (N) excretion, reduction of feed contamination of by mycotoxins and, finally, reduction of methane emissions with feed additives. Key steps, such as the use of in vitro and in vivo studies, to test the effects of feed additives are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Herbs in a sustainable animal nutrition

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Runjaic-Antic ◽  
S. Pavkov ◽  
J. Levic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs

Animal has a direct impact on the quality of meat, milk and eggs in a positive and negative sense. Over the composition of a meal for animals can manipulate the quality of products of animal origin and can be achieved by a variety of nutritional, sensory, chemical, physical and physiological characteristics. The use of medicine in intensive and extensive farming is a big and risky to the quality of food and thus health. In organic farming of animals is not allowed to use medicines. Because are increasingly looking for natural healing resources. Herbs provides, in the manufacture of animal feed, a real opportunity to increase value through the use of different functional additions. Addition food for animals, really can improve its functionality in terms of a physiological effect. In developed countries in Europe is very strong trend of replacing synthetic antibiotic drugs based on medicinal herbal preparations. As herbal feed additives may be used drug (finely divided dry medicinal herbal raw materials), herbal extracts or herbal isolate (e.g. essential oil). The paper gives a short overview of the most important potential of herbal medicinal materials with antibacterial activity, antiinflammatory, digestion-stimulating, laxative, antidiarrhoeal, choleretic etc. activities that have an approved application in human medicine and which can be added to animal feed for use in different animal health disorders. The use of herbs is more current and all higher, in human and veterinary food industry.

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