COMPARING DIRECT CARBONATE AND STANDARD GRAPHITE 14C DETERMINATIONS OF BIOGENIC CARBONATES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jordon Bright ◽  
Chris Ebert ◽  
Matthew A Kosnik ◽  
John R Southon ◽  
Katherine Whitacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Significance Threshold ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biogenic Carbonates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduced Major Axis

ABSTRACT The direct carbonate procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating of submilligram samples of biogenic carbonate without graphitization is becoming widely used in a variety of studies. We compare the results of 153 paired direct carbonate and standard graphite 14C determinations on single specimens of an assortment of biogenic carbonates. A reduced major axis regression shows a strong relationship between direct carbonate and graphite percent Modern Carbon (pMC) values (m = 0.996; 95% CI [0.991–1.001]). An analysis of differences and a 95% confidence interval on pMC values reveals that there is no significant difference between direct carbonate and graphite pMC values for 76% of analyzed specimens, although variation in direct carbonate pMC is underestimated. The difference between the two methods is typically within 2 pMC, with 61% of direct carbonate pMC measurements being higher than their paired graphite counterpart. Of the 36 specimens that did yield significant differences, all but three missed the 95% significance threshold by 1.2 pMC or less. These results show that direct carbonate 14C dating of biogenic carbonates is a cost-effective and efficient complement to standard graphite 14C dating.

scholarly journals Significant Associations of lncRNA H19 Genotypes with Susceptibility to Childhood Leukemia in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Jen-Sheng Pei ◽  
Chao-Chun Chen ◽  
Wen-Shin Chang ◽  
Yun-Chi Wang ◽  
Jaw-Chyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Heterozygous Variant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether genetic variations in lncRNA H19 were associated with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Two hundred and sixty-six childhood leukemia patients and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in Taiwan, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2839698 and rs217727, in H19 were genotyped and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of rs2839698 between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0277). Compared to the wild-type CC genotype, the heterozygous variant CT and homozygous variant TT genotypes were associated with significantly increased risks of childhood leukemia with an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.14, p = 0.0429) and 1.94 (95%CI, 1.15–3.31, p = 0.0169), respectively (pfor tread = 0.0277). The difference in allelic frequencies between childhood leukemia patients and controls was also significant (T versus C, adjusted OR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.13–1.79, p = 0.0077). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs217727 between cases and controls. Interestingly, the average level of H19 rs2839698 was statistically significantly higher for patients with CT and TT genotypes than from those with the CC genotype (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that H19 SNP rs2839698, but not rs217727, may serve as a novel susceptibility marker for childhood leukemia.

scholarly journals Validation of Urinary Charged Metabolite Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Toru Sakurai ◽  
Kenji Katsumata ◽  
Ryutaro Udo ◽  
Tomoya Tago ◽  
Kenta Kasahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry

This study aimed to validate and reanalyze urinary biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancers (CRCs). We previously conducted urinary metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and found a significant difference in various metabolites, especially polyamines, between patients with CRC and healthy controls (HC). We analyzed additional samples and confirmed consistency between the newly and previously analyzed data. In total, we included 36 HC, 34 adenoma (AD), and 214 CRC samples, which were used for subsequent analyses. Among the 132 quantified metabolites, 16 exhibited consistent differences in both datasets, which included polyamines, etc. Pathway analyses of the integrated data revealed significant differences in many metabolites, such as glutamine, and metabolites of the TCA and urea cycles. The discrimination ability of the combination of multiple metabolites among the three groups was evaluated, which yielded higher sensitivity than tumor markers. The Mann–Whitney test was employed to evaluate the prognosis predictivity of the assessed metabolites and the difference between the patients with or without recurrence, which yielded 16 significantly different metabolites. Among these 16 metabolites, 11 presented significant prognosis predictivity. These data indicated the potential of metabolite-based discrimination of patients with CRC and AD from HC and prognosis predictivity of the monitored metabolites.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CRITERIA IN THE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN STUDENTS FROM PARANAVAÍ, PARANÁ

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Ricardo Guilherme ◽  
Matheus Amarante do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena-Fernandes ◽  
Vânia Renata Guilherme ◽  
Stevan Ricardo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the difference in the proportion of students with metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to different criteria. Methods: The sample consisted of 241 students (136 boys and 105 girls) aged 10 to 14 years, from public and private schools in Paranavaí, Paraná. We used three distinct diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, considering the presence of at least three of the following risk factors: increased waist circumference, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, and elevated triglycerides. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome found was 1.7% (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 0-3.3) for the IDF criterion; 3.3% (95%CI 1.0-5.6) for Cook; and 17.4% (95%CI 12.6-22.3) for Ferranti. Analyzing the criteria in pairs, the agreement between IDF and Cook was 97.5% (k=0.95); between IDF and Ferranti, 83.4% (k=0.67); and between Cook and Ferranti, 85.9% (k=0.72). Onlyone student (0.4%) was diagnosed with metabolic syndrome solely by the IDF criterion, while 34 (14.1%) were diagnosed exclusively by Ferranti. The comparison of the three criteria showed that Ferranti presented the highest proportion of metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), and Cook had a greater proportion than IDF (p<0.001). Conclusions: We found a significant difference in the proportion of metabolic syndrome in the three criteria. The choice of which criterion to use can compromise not only the percentage of metabolic syndrome prevalence but also interfere in strategies of intervention and prevention in children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome, respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF CHLORHEXIDINE BATH, SALINE BATH, AND STANDARD BATH ON BACTERIAL COLONIZATION ON THE SKIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Divya Abraham ◽  
Vinitha Ravindran ◽  
Vinsley Rose ◽  
Joy Sarojini Michael
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine whether bathing with 2% chlorhexidine or 0.9% saline or standard soap and water will reduce the bacterial colony count on skin effectively.Methods: Quantitative approach with experimental design and consecutive sampling was used. The study was conducted among 102 children admitted in pediatric wards of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Swabs from axilla and groin were collected at 0 h, 2 h, and 24 h of intervention to determine the bacterial colony count in subjects.Results: The results showed that, of 102 children, 73 (71.56%) of them had high axillary colony count and 69 (67.64%) of them had high groin colony count during admission. Majority 88.2% and 78% of them had colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococcus in the axilla and groin, respectively. There was no significant difference in the bacterial colony count in axilla at 2 and 24 h in all three groups. There was a significant difference in the bacterial colony count in groin at 2 h after the intervention in the chlorhexidine group, and the difference was not significant at 24 h. The colony count was not significantly different at 2 h post-intervention in saline and standard soap and water group but was statistically different in these groups at 24 h after the intervention.Conclusion: Chlorhexidine has shown to be effective for a shorter duration and it can be adopted for children who are undergoing invasive procedures and preoperatively in surgical wards while continuing routine standard bath for all children which is considered to be cost effective too.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the self-collected database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

scholarly journals 145 Prognostic value of three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of tricuspid valve geometry in atrial and ventricular functional tricuspid regurgitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Heilbron ◽  
Mara Gavazzoni ◽  
Diana Florescu ◽  
Roberto Ochoa ◽  
Michele Tomaselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Vena Contracta ◽  
Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aims Atrial and ventricular functional tricuspid regurgitation (A-FTR and V-FTR) have recently emerged as different phenotypes of FTR. Given the difference in mechanisms that are postulated to be underlying these two entities, a different remodelling of tricuspid valve (TV) apparatus can occur and therefore also a specific quantitative approach could be deemed. Moreover, considered the known limitation of the two-dimensional flow convergence method (2D-PISA) for quantifying FTR in advanced valve apparatus remodelling with irregular effective valve orifice (ERO) morphology, it would be expected that also the parameters of severity of FTR can be different in these two types of FTR. The aim of this study was to investigate the TV apparatus remodelling in the two different phenotypes of FTR: ventricular (V-FTR) and atrial (A-FTR) and the role of echocardiographic parameters of TV remodelling and TR severity to predict clinical outcomes. Methods and results The present retrospective study included consecutive patients with moderate to severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) referred for echocardiography in two Italian centres. The composite endpoint of death for any cause and heart failure (HF) hospitalization was used as primary outcome of this analysis. According to more recent guidelines, patients were considered having A-FTR if having history of long-standing atrial fibrillation, without history of pulmonary hypertension and left side heart disease. A total of 180 patients were included. Despite the right atrial volume (RAV) was not different in the two groups, in A-FTR tethering height was significantly lower (11.7 ± 4.8 mm vs. 15.0 ± 5.5 in V-FTR. P &lt; 0.01) and the 3D-derived tricuspid annulus (TA) diameters were larger both in end-diastolic and mid-systolic phase (3D-TA-End diastolic-major axis: 45.2 ± 6.2 mm in A-FTR vs. 42.8 ± 5.4 in V-FTR. P = 0.04; 3D-TA mid systolic major axis: 41.7 ± 6.4 mm in A-FTR vs. 37.9 ± 5.1 in V-FTR, P &lt; 0.01). 3D-TA-End diastolic-minor axis: 39.7 ± 6.8 vs. 37.1 ± 5.2. P = 0.03. Regarding the parameters of severity of FTR, patients with V-FTR had larger vena contracta (VC), either when 2D estimated or 3D (2D-VC-average: 5.3 ± 2.8 mm in A-FTR vs. 6.6 ± 3.7 in V-FTR. P = 0.02; 3D-VCA: 0.9 ± 0.4 cm2 vs. 1.3 ± 1.1 cm2, P = 0.02); conversely the value of 2D-ERO and regurgitant volume estimated with 2D-PISA method did not show significant difference between the two groups. After a median follow-up of 24 months (IQR: 2–48) 72 patients (40%) reached the primary endpoint and 64 (36%) hospitalized for HF. Different predictors of combined endpoint were found in the two groups: tenting height. 2D-VC. 3D-VCA and regurgitant fraction were prognostic correlates in V-FTR; TA dimensions as well as all the parameters of severe TR, including EROA with PISA method were related to the prognosis in A-FTR. Conclusions Different TV remodelling occurs in patients with A- and V-FTR, having the second more pronounce tethering of TV leaflets; the prognostic role of quantitative parameters of FTR in these two groups is different, thus reaffirming: (1) the limitation of PISA method without correction in case of more pronounced tenting of leaflets; (2) the difference in underlying pathogenic mechanisms; and (3) the needing for a more specific diagnostic approach and prognostic stratification in these two FTR phenotypes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Screening Results of 1012 Sperm Donors in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Geographic Differences in Semen Quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Cheng Zhao ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Lian-Ming Zhao ◽  
Zhen-Feng Deng ◽  
Jiang-Man Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North And South

Abstract Male reproductive health has become a concern in public health, and semen quality is essential to male reproduction. To investigate the geographical differences in semen quality of sperm donors from the north and south of China, a total of 1012 sperm donors from all over China were enrolled in this work, which were divided by their residential latitude. There were statistically significant differences in sperm concentration among men from different latitudes in China(P=0.04). The sperm concentrations of people from 18°-27° north latitude were lower than those from 36°-45°, and 45°-54° (median 131, 134, 146, respectively, P=0.021[18°-27° vs. 36°-45°] and P=0.01[18°-27° vs. 45°-54°]). It was further confirmed when the samples were re-divided into 2 groups (typically north and south) that contains 667 samples. The analysis also showed a significant difference in terms of the regions to which the samples belonged (the median of the north is 134; the median of the south is 125; P =0.015). Although other sperm parameters don’t show significant change with latitude, some of them possess a strong relationship with sperm concentration (r=-0.19364, P<0.001). Specifically, we suppose that environmental pollution and mental stress due to increased population may be the main factors in the difference.

Comparison of the Schirmer tear test I values after placement in ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices in healthy cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1169-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazal Aftab ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Rajaei ◽  
Houman Faghihi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the Schirmer tear test I values obtained from placement of Schirmer tear test (STT) strips in ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices and to investigate any correlation between age, body weight and STT values in clinically normal cats. Methods Twenty-eight intact adult domestic shorthair and Persian cats were used in this study. The cats were gently physically restrained in a sternal position, and a Schirmer tear strip was placed on each eye in the ventral conjunctival fornix at one-third of the distance from the temporal to nasal canthus for 60 s. Then, the wetted portion of the strips was measured as mm/min (L-STT I). After 48 h, the same procedure was performed on each eye in the dorsal conjunctival fornix (U-STT I). Results Mean ± SD STT values of the ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices were 20.80 ± 2.25 mm/min (range 14–25 mm/min; 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.92–21.67) and 18.28 ± 2.27 mm/min (range 15–22 mm/min; 95% CI 17.39–19.16) in all of the study population, respectively. A significant difference was found between STT values obtained from the ventral and dorsal conjunctival fornices ( P <0.001). There was no correlation between the age and body weight of the animals and STT I values. Conclusions and relevance This study compared the STT I values of the dorsal and ventral conjunctival fornices in cats. The difference was significant between the L-STT I and U-STT I values; however, the L-STT I and U-STT I values were within normal reference intervals. The U-STT I data have diagnostic value that might be of benefit in cases where there is a problem in the ventral conjunctival fornix.

Measuring Maternal Sensitivity in Teen Mothers: Reliability and Feasibility of Two Instruments

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Scott Stiles
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Teen Mothers ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Q Sort

This study’s purpose was to compare the reliability and feasibility of two instruments measuring maternal sensitivity in adolescent mothers—the Maternal Sensitivity Q-Sort (MBQS) and the Ainsworth Maternal Sensitivity Scale (AMSS). After 2, 4, and 6 hours of home observations, 2 raters completed the MBQS and the AMSS on 10 adolescent mothers. The intraclass correlations for interrater reliability of the MBQS and AMSS were .80 and .81, respectively. There was no significant difference in raters’ scores among times 1, 2, or 3 for either instrument, implying that perhaps only 2 hours of observation is required. Training times for the MBQS and AMSS were 15 hours and 13 hours, respectively. Completion time for the MBQS averaged 59 minutes compared to 5 minutes for the AMSS. At a pay rate of $12/hour for one rater, completion of 30 visits costs $354 for the MBQS compared to $30 for the AMSS. There was magnitude bias in both instruments such that the lower the sensitivity score, the greater was the difference in ratings. Results suggest that while both tools are equally reliable, the AMSS is the most cost-effective and time-efficient. Agreement among raters leads only to reliability, not validity. Testing needs to be done on a larger sample of adolescents to further evaluate reliability as well as the relative validity of the measures.

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