scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF CHLORHEXIDINE BATH, SALINE BATH, AND STANDARD BATH ON BACTERIAL COLONIZATION ON THE SKIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Divya Abraham ◽  
Vinitha Ravindran ◽  
Vinsley Rose ◽  
Joy Sarojini Michael
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine whether bathing with 2% chlorhexidine or 0.9% saline or standard soap and water will reduce the bacterial colony count on skin effectively.Methods: Quantitative approach with experimental design and consecutive sampling was used. The study was conducted among 102 children admitted in pediatric wards of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Swabs from axilla and groin were collected at 0 h, 2 h, and 24 h of intervention to determine the bacterial colony count in subjects.Results: The results showed that, of 102 children, 73 (71.56%) of them had high axillary colony count and 69 (67.64%) of them had high groin colony count during admission. Majority 88.2% and 78% of them had colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococcus in the axilla and groin, respectively. There was no significant difference in the bacterial colony count in axilla at 2 and 24 h in all three groups. There was a significant difference in the bacterial colony count in groin at 2 h after the intervention in the chlorhexidine group, and the difference was not significant at 24 h. The colony count was not significantly different at 2 h post-intervention in saline and standard soap and water group but was statistically different in these groups at 24 h after the intervention.Conclusion: Chlorhexidine has shown to be effective for a shorter duration and it can be adopted for children who are undergoing invasive procedures and preoperatively in surgical wards while continuing routine standard bath for all children which is considered to be cost effective too.

scholarly journals 1476. Impact of an Educational Campaign on Rates of Sputum Culture Acquisition as an Opportunity for Antibiotic De-escalation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S739-S739
Author(s):  
Jessica Snawerdt ◽  
Derek N Bremmer ◽  
Dustin R Carr ◽  
Thomas L Walsh ◽  
Tamara Trienski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Culture Acquisition

Abstract Background The 2019 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guidelines recommend obtaining a sputum culture in patients who are empirically treated for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa to assist clinicians in optimizing antimicrobial therapy. A previous study at our institution found respiratory cultures were rarely obtained in patients with CAP. As a result of these findings, an educational campaign was implemented to promote the use of an induced sputum protocol. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study that included patients who were ≥18 years of age, had a diagnosis of CAP, and received ≥48 hours of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics. Patients were excluded if mechanically ventilated within 48 hours of admission or diagnosed with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia. Patients were grouped into pre- and post-intervention time periods. The intervention involved education on obtaining respiratory cultures including technique on induced sputums and updates to CAP order sets. The primary outcome was the rate of sputum culture acquisition. Secondary outcomes included duration of anti-pseudomonal and anti-MRSA therapy, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay. Results A total of 143 patients met inclusion criteria, 72 in the pre-implementation group and 71 in the post-implementation group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. More patients in the post-implementation group had a sputum culture obtained but the difference was not statistically significant (38.9% vs 53.5%; p=0.08). Anti-pseudomonal therapy was continued for an average of 5.6 days pre-implementation and 5.2 days post-implementation (p=0.499). There was also not a significant difference in anti-MRSA duration between the two groups (3.4 days vs 3.2 days; p=0.606). In-hospital mortality and length of stay were similar between the two groups. Conclusion An educational campaign focusing on the acquisition of induced sputums led to an increase in rates of sputum cultures collected. However, this did not correlate with a decrease in duration of anti-MRSA or anti-pseudomonal therapy. Further interventions should be made to optimize de-escalation of broad spectrum antibiotics based on sputum culture results. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Erbium Chromium Laser along with/without Silver Nanoparticles in Root Canals Infected by Enterococcus faecalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Sareh Hendi ◽  
Negin Amiri ◽  
Banafsheh Poormoradi ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani ◽  
Saeid Afshar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Canal System

This study investigates the antibacterial effects of erbium chromium laser at 2780 nm, silver nanoparticles, and erbium chromium along with silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus faecalis in comparison with sodium hypochlorite. In the present study, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected and standardized to a length of 15 mm. The canals were prepared by V-taper Gold rotary files and then incubated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The samples were divided into four experimental groups including hypochlorite sodium, silver nanoparticle, erbium chromium laser, and erbium chromium laser along with silver nanoparticle groups. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in colony count for all groups after interventions. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the colony count for sodium hypochlorite group in comparison with another groups, and this group showed the highest reduction of colony count. There was a significant difference between silver nanoparticles and erbium chromium laser groups in colony count. According to the results, the silver nanoparticles offered strong antibacterial effects on E. faecalis and therefore can decrease bacterial colonies, while the use of the laser, despite the reduction of the bacterial colony, could not be sufficiently used for disinfection of root canal system.

scholarly journals Perceptions of caregivers on immunization in Ntungamo district, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5729
Author(s):  
Byamukama Topher ◽  
Keraka M. Margaret ◽  
Gitonga Eliphas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions to reduce child mortality and morbidity associated with infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of caregivers on immunization in Ntungamo district.Methods: Quasi-experimental study was used with health centres assigned to intervention and control groups. Purposive sampling was used to select the two counties where the study was done. Proportional sampling was done to get study samples from each health facility, while systematic sampling was done to get study participants. A total of 787 children from twelve health facilities provided the study sample. A post intervention evaluation was conducted to determine the effect of these interventions. Association of variables was tested using Mann Whitney U-test and Chi-square.Results: On benefits, most caregivers in the intervention group (85.3%) and in the control group (54.3%) regarded immunization as very highly and moderately beneficial to their children respectively. On risks, most caregivers in the intervention group (85.5%) and control group (43.1%) regarded the risk factor associated with immunization as very low and moderate respectively. From hypothesis testing, there was a significant difference on the perceived benefits and risks of immunization between the intervention and control group.Conclusions: Most caregivers in the intervention and control group regarded immunization as very highly beneficial and moderately to their children respectively. Most of the caregivers in the intervention and control group regarded the risk factor associated with immunization as very low and moderate respectively. 

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON FIXED RETAINER ADHESIVE TOWARD TREPONEMA DENTICOLA

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
JESSICA SANTOSO ◽  
MARIA PURBIATI ◽  
KRISNAWATI .
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Flowable Composite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flowable Composites

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an antibacterial flowable composite containing silver nanoparticle (AgNP) for the prevention ofperiodontal disease in fixed retainers.Methods: About 1% AgNP was incorporated into a commercial composite (tetric flow). The experimental and control products were used to bondfixed retainers to 28 extracted mandibular first premolars. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n=7): Premolar bonded withfiber-reinforced composites and tetric flow (F1); premolar bonded with fiber-reinforced composites and AgNP-enhanced tetric flow (F2); premolarbonded with multistranded wires (MW) and tetric flow (M1); and premolar bonded with MW and AgNP-enhanced tetric flow (M2). Each sample wassubmerged in a test tube containing bacterial Treponema denticola solution and was incubated for 24 h and 37°temperature. The bacterial colony ineach group was counted and analyzed.Results: This study showed that there was significant difference of T. denticola colony count between groups with and without AgNP-enhancedcomposites in both types of retainers.Conclusion: AgNP-enhanced flowable composites reduce the bacteria T. denticola colony count and possibly inhibit periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Vitamin E in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Vilvapriya S. ◽  
Vinodhini S.
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhoea ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
The Mean

Background: The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of Vitamin E in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea compared to the placebo.Methods: Sixty women, aged 17-25 years old who suffered from primary dysmenorrhoea, among 1000 Women attending the gynec OPD in Kilpauk Medical College. 30 women were given 200 units of vitamin E (each tablet twice daily) and 30 were given a placebo tablets (each tablet twice daily). The treatment began two days before the beginning of menstruation and continued through the first three days of bleeding. The severity of pain and duration of pain before and after the treatment was studied. Treatment in both groups was carried out in three consecutive menstrual periods.Results: As to the findings, the mean age of the participants was 22.6 years. There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-treatment periods in terms of pain severity (P=0.72 and P=0.002, respectively) and pain duration (P=0.514 and P=0.027, respectively) in Vitamin E group. There was a significant difference observed between the Vitamin E group and placebo group regarding the mean of pain severity and duration (P=0.002 and p=0.027 respectively).Conclusions: Vitamin E helps to relieve pain in primary dysmenorrhoea. As this is a relatively easier method for control of pain with lesser amount of side effects and as it is cost effective, it can be considered as a universal drug in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.

scholarly journals Microbiological Assessment of Fresh Expressed Breast Milk on Room Temperature at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Neonatal Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Kartika Hardiani ◽  
Nur Aisiyah Widjaja ◽  
Meta Herdiana Hanindita ◽  
Roedi Irawan ◽  
Eddy Bagus Wasito
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk

Expressed breast milk (EBM) has been advocated as an effective way for encouraging and maintaining lactation when the mother is separated from the baby for a while. Storing EBM at room temperature in several hours before consuming, frequently found in Indonesia. Based on WHO guidelines EBM can last for 6 to 8 hours in room temperature. But currently there hasn’t been study in tropical country especially Indonesia for the guidelines. Assesing microbiological quality of EBM on room temperature, including bacterial growth and major bacterial found on EBM for health care and society recommendations. An observational study of 30 expressed breast milk samples provided by 30 healthy women with term baby below 6 month old. EBM were collected by electric breast pump swing model. The samples were kept sterile and laid at plates for 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours in room temperature (26o- 32oC) and used drop plate technique on several culture media. Data was analyzed by Chi-square and paired sample T-test. Thirty of unheated fresh EBM from 30 lactating mothers were stored at room temperature, examined for the degree of bacterial contamination at 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. All the EBM samples were contaminated at 2 hour. There were strong correlation between 2 hours storing with 4 hours storing (p=0.004) and total colony (p=0.000). There were also significant difference between bacterial colony and the duration itself (p=0.026). Bacterial species identified was Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis, range of growth 109 cfu/ml - 63 x 109 cfu/mm3 after 6 hour of storage. Evaluation result that the EBM exposed at room temperature (30-36 0C) for more than two hour reduce the quality and do not recommended to be given to the infants because bacterial counts > 104 cfu/ml and the present of pathogens E. coli, Streptococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Influence of Community-Based Interventions on Routine Immunization Uptake among Children Under Five Years in Ntungamo District-Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Byamukama Topher
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Evidence of the effectiveness of community-based interventions in improving immunization coverage in populations of low coverage is limited. Vaccine-preventable diseases is a major public health challenge in low-income countries where Uganda lies, and immunization is the only reliable strategy for child survival. The study's objective was to assess the influence of a community-based intervention on the uptake of immunization services to recommend strategies to health stakeholders to improve immunization coverage. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in three phases. Structured and key informant interviews were used as data collection tools. Phase one provided baseline data before the intervention, the second phase was a community-based intervention, and the third phase was post-intervention evaluation. There was no significant difference on the uptake of BCG, POLIO-0, POLIO-1, POLIO-2, DPTHeP-Hib1, DPTHeP-Hib2, PCV1 and PCV2 immunizations between the intervention and control group post-intervention (P= 1.00, α =0.5). The level of knowledge on immunization was 68.8% and 29.6% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The difference between the two was statistically significant (P=0.00 = α= 0.5). There was a significant association between the level of knowledge of the caregivers on immunization and the uptake of immunization services (P=0.00, α=0.5). There was also a statistically significant difference in immunization coverage between the intervention and control groups (97.5%) and (75.1%) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically associated with the community-based intervention (P =0.00, α=0.5). Community-based interventions influenced the uptake of routine immunization services.

scholarly journals A study on effect of strain-counterstrain in plantar fasciitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Pournima A. Pawar ◽  
Ruchi U. Tople ◽  
Ujwal L. Yeole ◽  
Gaurai M. Gharote ◽  
Rasika B. Panse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Disability Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Background: Bipedal locomotion is a unique feature of human beings and has the advantage of upright mobility. Hence, foot becomes the most important weight loading structure and gets the maximum pressure per unit area. Plantar fasciitis is a painful inflammatory process of the plantar fascia, the connective tissue on the sole of the foot. Thus a study was conducted to determine the effect of strain-counterstrain in plantar fasciitis.Methods: 30 individuals aged between 18-35 years both male and female with plantar fasciitis were recruited for the study. The patients were treated for a period of 7 days using the technique of strain-counterstrain. Pre-intervention and post-intervention scores of Plantar Fasciitis Pain and Disability scale were assessed and were analysed using unpaired t-test and repeated ANOVA.Results: There was equal distribution of occurrence of plantar fasciitis among both the genders out of the population of study.  A significant difference was noted between the pre and post interventional measure of a type of manual therapy called strain-counterstrain (p<0.0001). The difference between pre intervention and after third day intervention did not show much of a difference. However after fifth day a considerable difference was noted (p <0.0001).  It was noted that limited dorsiflexion improved after one week of interventional measure of strain-counterstrain (p <0.0001).Conclusions: The technique of strain-counterstrain which is a type of manual therapy is effective in patients affected by plantar fasciitis. It also showed an improvement in the limited ankle dorsiflexion range.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Length and Diameter of Umbilical Cord in Normal Vs Gestational Hypertensive cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Abhishek Karn ◽  
Subodh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Renu Yadav ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Umbilical Cords

INTRODUCTION :- The well being of the fetus and hence the baby is influenced by a number of factors among which the length and diameter of umbilical cord is one important aspect. Studies have found association between gestational hypertension and the structure of umbilical cord. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gestational hypertension on the length and diameter of umbilical cord.  MATERIAL AND METHODS :- A total of 70 umbilical cords with placenta were collected in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital for comparison of umbilical cords length and diameter between normotensives and patients with gestational hypertension. Data were statistically analyzed.  RESULTS :- The difference in umbilical cords' diameter was statistically significant between normotensives and patients with gestational hypertension whereas the length of the umbilical cord had no statistically significant difference.  CONCLUSION :- We concluded that gestational hypertension affects the diameter of umbilical cord by decreasing it significantly which may affect normal fetal development.

scholarly journals Preventing cesareans with peanut ball use

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Lauren Outland ◽  
Yolanda Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cesarean Births ◽  
Retrospective Study Design ◽  
The Difference

The Association of Women's Health Obstetrical and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) has launched a Peanut Ball campaign to help curb the high rate of cesarean births in the United States. Cesarean births are especially likely in women who receive epidural anesthesia due to immobility and pelvic laxity. The peanut ball (PB) is a birthing ball that when placed between the mother's legs can increase pelvic dimensions and facilitate fetal descent and birth. For PB to increase vaginal deliveries (VDs), nurses on obstetrical wards need to “buy in” to using this innovation. Having “innovator” nurses on the shift helped disseminate the PB intervention and increased the rate of VDs. Using a retrospective study design that uses data collected for non-research purposes saves time and cost. Our retrospective study examined the difference in VDs with patient controlled epidural anesthesia (PCEA) in the first five months of 2016 prior to PB use compared with the same months in 2017 post intervention. Using a paired t-test we found a significant difference of successful PCEA vaginal births in 2016 compared to 2017 (p = .008). This relatively inexpensive and easy survey can be done by most obstetrical services and help AWHONN in their campaign to decrease the rate of cesarean sections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document