The nutritive value of fruits (pods with seeds) from four Acacia spp. compared with extracted noug (Guizotia abyssinica) meal as supplements to maize stover for ethiopian highland sheep

ABSTRACTForty Menz rams weighing 20 to 22 kg and aged 13 to 18 months were individually offered 1·0 kg/day chopped maize stover and one of five supplements over a 70-day growth trial followed by a 10-day metabolism trial. The amounts of supplement offered were designed to supply 4·4 g nitrogen per day and with stover, sufficient nutrients to allow growth rates of 50 g/day. The control supplement, 80 g dry matter (DM) per day extracted noug (Guizotia abyssinica) meal, was compared with 194 to 212 g DM per day of fruits (pods (carpels) with seeds) of Acacia tortilis, A. albida, A. nilotica and A. sieberiana. For the control and four Acacia supplements respectively, mean growth rates were 32, 32, 21, 16, 4 (s.e.6) g/day and mean stover intakes 483, 430, 401, 347, 320 (s.e. 74) g DM per day. The low growth rates and intakes with A. sieberiana and to a lesser extent A. nilotica were probably related to their content of phenolic compounds including insoluble proanthocyanidins which may have lowered the digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre and nitrogen. A. tortilis and A. albida would appear to be of comparable nutritive value to noug meal as supplements to maize stover. Unlike noug meal Acacia fruits are widely available in rural areas of Africa. Further research is required to identify other tree species suitable for use as supplements and how to overcome the anti-nutritional factors.

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Prediction of voluntary dry-matter intake, digestible dry-matter intake and growth rate of cattle from the degradation characteristics of tropical foods

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800008146 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M. N. Shem ◽

E. R. Ørskov ◽

A. E. Kimambo

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Maize Stover ◽

Banana Leaves

AbstractAn experiment using twenty-five bulls aged between 1 and 1·5 years and weighing 117 to 209 kg was carried out to estimate voluntary dry-matter intake (DMI), digestible dry-matter intake (DDMI), dry-matter apparent digestibility (DMD) and growth rate when the bulls were given 18 foods available from smallholder dairy farms on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. The animals were randomly allocated to five groups of five animals each. Foods were then randomly allocated to the five groups for four periods of 60 days each during which DMI was measured. A digestion trial was made at the completion of each measurement. Outflow rates of solids from the rumen were determined by giving the animals 200 g Cr-mordanted fibre of each food and grab faecal samples were obtained. Dry matter (DM) degradation characteristics of the foods were determined in sacco in the rumen of three Boran steers fed on guatemala grass and the water soluble fraction (A) was measured. DMI varied from 2·2 kg for banana pseudostem to 4·77 kg/day for urea-treated maize stover. DMD ranged from 549 for untreated maize stover to 767 g/kg DM for banana pseudostem and growth rate ranged from 72 for banana leaves to 275 glday for urea-treated maize stover. Potential degradability (defined by A + B) (where B is the insoluble fraction degradable with time) for the DM ranged from 617 g for banana leaves to 874 g/kg DM for banana pseudostem and the degradation rate (c) ranged from 0·0168 for banana leaves to 0·0440 per h for green maize stover. The separate use of degradation characteristics A, B and c in multiple regression to predict DMI, DDMI, and growth rates gave better results than when A + B or (A + B) + c were used. Multiple correlation coefficients between degradation characteristics and DMI, DDMI and group rate were r– 0·90, 0·93 and 0·93 respectively. The results indicate that DMI, DDMI and growth rates by cattle fed on crop residues and forages could be predicted well using the rumen degradation characteristics of the foods.

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Nutritional quality of grain of Australian cultivars of lablab bead (Lablab purpureus)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9850169 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 169 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

LJ Lambourne ◽

IM Wood

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Lablab Purpureus ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Feeding Trials ◽

Nutritional Studies

Nutritional studies using rats have shown that the grains of Rongai and Highworth, the current commercial cultivars of lablab bean in Australia, and of CPI41222, a white-seeded accession, have low nutritive value. Diets containing raw beans of the three accessions at levels up to 12% crude protein led to severe weight losses of up to 0.89 g/day compared with weight gains of up to 2.8 g/day with autoclaved soybean meal. Autoclaving for 20 min or boiling the grain improved growth rates only marginally. Increasing the period of autoclaving reduced the feeding value; extraction of the grain with saline solution or treatment with formaldehyde failed to improve it. These results are consistent with previous reports of the presence in lablab beans of a heat-labile phytohaemagglutinin. Blood haemoglobin levels were signifycantly depressed on diets which contained Highworth beans. The proteins of all accessions contained low levels of the sulfur-containing amino acids; a deficiency of methionine was confirmed by feeding trials. The level of histidine in the lablab protein was about 50% higher than in soybean and, in supplementation trials, additions of histidine reduced growth rates. In two feeding trials, there were good correlations (R2=0.85 and 0.92) between weight gains and digestible dry matter intake, indicating that the differences in growth rates were primarily the result of differences in intake. Intakes of digestible dry matter and digestible crude protein and the digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein were all significantly lower with Rongai than with the other two accessions. These differences do not appear to be associated with the quality of the protein as shown by amino acid analyses or by the responses to supplementation with essential amino acids. They also do not appear to be associated with seed coat colour, seed size or crude protein content of the grain.

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Physiochemical quality and nutritional value of ensiled fresh maize stover and groundnut haulms in wet season for sustainable ruminant production

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i6.2920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 141-152

Author(s):

A. A. Lamidi ◽

J. N. Ingweye

Keyword(s):

Proximate Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Wet Season ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Maize Stover ◽

Valeur Nutritionnelle ◽

Experimental Treatments

The study was conducted to evaluate the physiochemical quality and nutritional value of ensiled fresh maize stover and groundnut haulms for wet season sustainable ruminant production. Fresh maize stover and fresh groundnut haulms were collected, wilted for 3 – 4 days, chopped and ensiled in different proportions to make three (3) experimental treatments (T1: 100% maize stover; T2:100 % groundnut haulms; T3:50 % maize stover and 50 % groundnut haulms) and replicated four (4) times in glass Bamma® bottles for 30 days. Physical features, proximate composition, mineral profile, anti-nutritional factors, post invitro digestibility characteristics and nutritional values of the silages were examined. Results showed that the colour of the silage were cream, greenish brown and light brown for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Texture was smooth for T1, coarse for T2 and slightly coarse for T3. All the silages were moist with pleasant aroma. The pH and temperature value ranges from 3 – 4.5, 30 – 31.5oC, respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the proximate composition, fiber fractions, minerals, anti-nutritional factors and the post in-vitro digestibility characteristics of the silages. Silage T3 (50 % maize stover and 50 % groundnut haulms) had highest (P<0.05) significant content for the parameters considered. Similar (P>0.5) nutritive value (Dry matter intake (DMI), digestible dry matter (DDM), and relative feed value (RFV)) were recorded for the experimental treatments. The values observed for DMI, DDM and RFV ranged from 2.44 – 2.45, 67.62 – 67.67 and 127.86 – 127.98, respectively. Conclusively, the silage exhibited good physiochemical quality and nutritional value that justified its potential in solving the challenges of dry season feeding. Treatment 3 (50% maize stover and 50% groundnut haulms) is recommended for ruminant farmers. L'étude a été menée pour évaluer la qualité physico-chimique et la valeur nutritionnelle des tiges de maïs frais ensilées et des fanes d'arachide pour la production durable de ruminants en saison humide. Les tiges de maïs frais et les fanes d'arachide fraîches ont été collectées, fanées pendant 3 à 4 jours, hachées et ensilées dans des proportions différentes pour faire trois (3) traitements expérimentaux (T1 : 100% de tiges de maïs ; T2 : 100% de fanes d'arachide ; T3 : 50% tiges de maïs et 50% de fanes d'arachide) et répliquées quatre (4) fois dans des bouteilles en verre Bamma® pendant 30 jours. Les caractéristiques physiques, la composition immédiate, le profil minéral, les facteurs anti-nutritionnels, les caractéristiques de digestibilité post-in vitro et les valeurs nutritionnelles des ensilages ont été examinés. Les résultats ont montré que la couleur de l'ensilage était crème, brun verdâtre et brun clair pour T1, T2 et T3, respectivement. La texture était lisse pour T1, grossière pour T2 et légèrement grossière pour T3. Tous les ensilages étaient humides avec un arôme agréable. La valeur du pH et de la température varie respectivement de 3 à 4,5 et 30 à 31,5 ° C. Il y avait des différences significatives (P <0,05) dans la composition immédiate, les fractions de fibres, les minéraux, les facteurs anti-nutritionnels et les caractéristiques de digestibilité post-invitro des ensilages. L'ensilage T3 (50% de tiges de maïs et 50% de fanes d'arachide) avait la teneur significative la plus élevée (P <0,05) pour les paramètres considérés. Des valeurs nutritives similaires (P> 0,5) (ingestion de matière sèche (DMI), matière sèche digestible (DDM) et valeur d'alimentation relative (RFV)) ont été enregistrées pour les traitements expérimentaux. Les valeurs observées pour le 'DMI', le 'DDM' et le 'RFV' allaient respectivement de 2,44 à 2,45, 67,62 à 67,67 et 127,86 à 127,98. En conclusion, l'ensilage présentait une bonne qualité physico-chimique et une valeur nutritionnelle qui justifiaient son potentiel à résoudre les défis de l'alimentation en saison sèche. Le traitement 3 (50% de tiges de maïs et 50% de fanes d'arachide) est recommandé pour les éleveurs de ruminants.

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THE EFFECT OF A PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR (MEFLUIDIDE) ON PASTURE GROWTH AND MILK PRODUCTION

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1985.46.1711 ◽

1985 ◽

pp. 83-87

Author(s):

I.M. Brookes ◽

C.W. Holmes

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Plant Growth Regulator ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Grazing Pressure ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

The Third ◽

Pasture Quality ◽

Clover Pasture

Nine paddocks (0.85 hectares each) of ryegrass-white clover pasture were divided in half and one half of each paddock sprayed,with 0.15 kg ai mefluidide per hectare in mid-October. All paddocks were grazed 7-9 days after spraying and then rested for a further 14-20 days. A 7 week grazing trial using 8 pairs of idential twin cows was then conducted. All cows received an equal herbage allowance of 40 kg dry matter per head daily. Equal areas were offered to each treatment group and extra cows used to adjust the grazing pressure where necessary. Mefluidide depressed pasture growth rates by 29% for 3-4 weeks after spraying. Subsequent growth rates did not differ significantly between sprayed (S) and unsprayed (U) pastures. Pasture quality was similar for both treatments in the second round of grazing (late November and early December), but in the third round (mid-December) sprayed pastures were more leafy, less stemmy, had higher N concentrations and were more digestible than unsprayed. This was not reflected as differences in the yields of milk, milkfat or milk protein between treatments. The net effect of spraying with mefluidide was therefore to decrease the carrying capacity of the sprayed area used in the grazing trials by 76 cow days compared with the equivalent unsprayed area. This would have resulted in the production of approximately 59 kg less milkfat from 2.5 ha over a 7 week period. Keywords: Mefluidide, Embark 2-V , pasture growth, pasture quality, milk yield, dairy cows, milkfat, nutritive value.

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Effect of Maize Stover in Fermented Total Mixed Ration on Nutritive Value and Digestibility Quality in Vitro

Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya ◽

10.33230/jps.6.1.2017.5078 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Buddanoi ◽

A. Abrar ◽

C. Wachirapakorn

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

Control Group ◽

Maize Stover ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Technique

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of maize stover used as roughage source in fermented total mixed ration on nutritive value and digestibility quality by in vitro technique. The experimental compared between the feeds non-fermented total mixed ratio (TMR) group and fermented total mixed ratio (FTMR) group by fermentation 21 days, each group were ratio 60:40 and five replications. The results revealed that CF content of FTMR increased from 33.79% to 40.70% significantly different (P<0.05) and DM, CP, EE and ash were not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). The digestibility quality were dry matter digestibility (%DMD) in FTMR higher than control group significantly different (P<0.05). Moreover total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in FTMR increased from 15.00 to 39.50 mM higher than control group not significantly different (P>0.05) and N-NH3 concentrations were not significantly different (P>0.05). The gas production was recorded at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24h of incubation. The cumulative gas production curve both of treatments was remarkable boost from 0h to 6h incubation of FTMR from 57.5 to 37 ml and then incubation time the cumulative gas production both of them were slowly decrease.

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ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v4i2.4272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 415-422

Author(s):

Amoka Pius ◽

Tawose O M

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Gmelina Arborea ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

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An Analysis of Consumption Pattern in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v21i4pp.275-296 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 275-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rehana Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Household Size ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Total Expenditure ◽

Demand Growth ◽

Food Items ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

The paper aims at testing the validity of Engel's law with data on Pakistan. Consumption functions for urban and rural areas have been estimated separately. These functions are shown to be determined by total expenditure and household size. Engel's law is confirmed for some commodity groups but not for all. Following tests of urban-rural homogeneity and of stability of urban and rural consumption functions, demand growth rates for different food and non-food items have been calculated, assuming different growth rates of total expenditure and household size.

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