Energy supplementation of silage for ewes in late pregnancy

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sheehan ◽  
M. J. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Supplementation

SUMMARY1. Four groups of 20 ewes were individually fed in late pregnancy on: (1) silage ad libitum, (2) silage ad libitum and 12 kg rolled barley, (3) silage ad libitum and 23 kg rolled barley, (4) pelleted milled dried grass ad libitum. The concentrate was offered on a rising plane over the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. After parturition the ewes and lambs were put on spring pasture.2. The intake of silage by twin-bearing ewes fell slightly but nonsignificantly during week 16 of pregnancy but thereafter remained steady up to lambing. There was no other decline in intake on any of the treatments. Barley, however, significantly depressed silage intake when the quantity was increased above 282 g per day.3. Single-bearing ewes, except those on treatment 1, gained in net body weight during late pregnancy. Twin-bearing ewes on treatment 4 gained in net body weight while those on the other treatments lost weight.4. Birth weights of single lambs from ewes on treatment 1 were significantly lower than those from treatment 3. This was the only significant difference in birth weight or subsequent growth rates of single lambs. Birth weights of twin lambs on treatment 1 were significantly lower than those on the other treatments.5. The birth weight of twin lambs appeared to be an important determinant of subsequent performance, and may thus be a valuable criterion of the adequacy of the ewe's diet in late pregnancy.6. With medium-quality autumn silages, 12 kg of barley given during late pregnancy is sufficient to ensure good reproductive performance in ewes.

Growth of sheep to the age of three years after a severe nutritional check in early post-natal life

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. KRAUSGRILL ◽  
N. M. TULLOH ◽  
D. L. HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Free Body

At Mount Derrimut Field Station from 1982 to 1985, growth and body composition was studied in three groups of wethers from the same flock. A control group (C) and a restricted group (R) were housed from the age of 1 day until slaughtered. The first slaughter was at the age of c. 1 year (reported elsewhere) and the second at the age of c. 3 years. Apart from the first 36 days, when group R was fed a severely restricted ration, both groups were fed a high quality diet ad libitum throughout the experiment. At the end of the second year, a group of 2-year-old wethers (G) was introduced, to compare the growth of these sheep with those in groups C and R. Group G sheep were reared on their dams, kept as grazing animals and killed at the second slaughter.At the age of c. 3 years there was no significant difference between groups C and R for mean fleece-free body weights, but the sheep in group G were significantly lighter (P<0·01) in spite of reaching mature size for grazing sheep in the general flock.After the age of 7 months there was no significant difference between groups C and R in rate of wool production. Rate of wool production in group G sheep was not significantly different from that of sheep in the other groups except during the last 6 months, when they produced significantly less wool (P<0·05).Regression analyses for surface and X-ray measurements against fleece-free body weight (independent variable) showed no differences between groups C and R, except for width of metacarpal (X-ray measurement). In this case, the regression coefficients were different (P<0·01) but, at slaughter, actual bone measurements were the same. Both X-ray measurements and those at dissection showed that the metacarpals of group G were significantly (P<0·05) longer and narrower, and had a narrower cortex, than those in the other two groups (P<0·05).There were no significant differences between groups C and R in mean weight and chemical composition of the parts and tissues examined; however, the carcass fat content of sheep in group G was significantly less (P<0·01) than in the other two groups. The sheep in group G had higher weights (P<0·01) for the brain, the digestive tract (DT), kidneys and liver than those in groups C and R.Cell size in the semitendinosus muscle, as indicated by the protein[ratio ]DNA ratio, increased (P<0·01) between the first and second slaughters. There were no differences between groups in protein[ratio ]DNA ratios, but the DNA and protein contents were significantly higher (P<0·05) in the kidneys and liver in group G than in the other groups. Although the weights of the semitendinosus muscle were heavier (P<0·01) in groups C and R than in group G, on a fat-free basis, there were no significant differences between treatments in muscle weight or in DNA and protein contents.It is concluded that sheep will make a complete recovery after a severe nutritional check in early post-natal life if given the opportunity to do so. Even though large differences in body weight may develop between sheep, this appears to have little effect on mature skeletal dimensions. However, at maturity, with grazing sheep that grow relatively slowly, the metacarpals are likely to be narrower and longer than those of the same genotype fed to grow faster. Even with sheep fed ad libitum throughout life, the use of X-ray and surface measurements in young sheep at a particular body weight are unlikely to be useful for the accurate prediction of mature body weight.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Birth Weight and Pre-weaning Growth Pattern in Crossed Boer Kids

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Syahirah M. Y. ◽  
Khairiyah Mat ◽  
Nor Dini Rusli ◽  
Hasnita Che Harun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study was aimed to measure influence of some factors that involved in growth performance of crossed Boer kids including parity of mother, sex and litter size of kids. The data gained on body weight at birth weight (BW), 1 (Wt. 1), 2 (Wt. 2), and 3 (Wt. 3) months of age of 20 crossed Boer kids were recorded. There were two kids from does with parity 1, three kids from does with parity 2, eleven kids from does with parity 3, and four kids from parity ?4. From all kids, eleven of them are male and nine female. Kids Six kids were born as single whereas eight kids were born as twin and six kids were born as triplet. Results showed that there was a no significant different (P>0.05) associated with parity of mother. For sex of kids, results show that highly significant differences (P<0.01) for body weight were identified at age one, two and three months. On the other hand, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) for body weight of kids due to single, twin or triplet kid born effect.

scholarly journals Replacement of Concentrate Mix with Improved Forages for Afar Goats under Semi Intensive Production System Meet to Export Market Weight

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anwar Seid ◽  
Anwar Seid ◽  
Mohammed Yasin Ali ◽  
Endris Feqi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Concentrate Mix

The experiment was conducted with the objective of to evaluate the comparative feeding value of improved forages as a replacement of concentrate mix with its economic benefits on feed intake, body weight gain and carcass parameters of Afar goats. Twenty-five yearling intact male Afar goats with initial mean body weight of 15.05±1.25 (mean ± SD) were used for the experiment in randomized complete block design. The experimental animals were grouped in to five blocks of five animals based on their initial body weight and each animal within each block was randomly assigned to one of the five treatment diets. Treatments were grazing (Ad libitum) + 100% concentrate mix (wheat bran and noug seed cake) (T1), grazing (Ad libitum) + 100 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) (T2), grazing (Ad libitum) + 50 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 50% concentrate mix (T3), grazing (Ad libitum) + 25 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 75% concentrate mix (T4), and grazing (Ad libitum) + 75 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 25% concentrate mix (T5). The experiment was consisted of feeding trial followed by carcass evaluation. The supplement given at the rate of 300gDM/head/day. Water and mineralized salt block were available free of choice. The concentrate mix was 2:1 (wheat bran and Noug seed cake. The CP content of the NSC (Noug seed cake), WB (wheat bran), cowpea and Rhodes grass were 31.3, 17.4, 16.9 and 8.6 %, respectively. Organic matter and basal intake were not significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments, while intake of supplement was slightly higher (P<0.05) for T1, T4, T3, than T5 and T2 respectively. Average daily gain in was higher 110g/d (T4). Hot carcass weight was slightly higher (P<0.05) for T4 10.82 kg. The use of sole cowpea and Rhodes grass mix instead of concentrate mix was reduces feed cost and increase net return. Mixture of cowpea and Rhodes grass as sole supplement is relatively comparable to the supplementary value of concentrate mixture to improve Afar goat performance but forage mix was required higher (p<0.05) feed to bring the same weight to other concentrate contained treatment diets.

Effect of grain or silage supplementation on meat quality attributes of cryptorchid lambs grazing lucerne or annual grass-clover pastures

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
PJ Holst ◽  
DG Hall
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Objective and subjective tests for quality were performed on the meat from 40 cryptorchid second-cross lambs fed lucerne only (L; n = 8), lucerne plus an oat grain supplement ad libitum (LO; n = lo), lucerne plus wilted lucerne silage ad libitum (LS; n = 11), or an oat-lupin grain (3:1) supplement at 90% of ad libitum while grazing dry summer annual pasture (OL; n = 11). All carcasses complied with the Elite lamb specification of weight >22 kg and GR measurement 6-15 mm. There was no significant difference between groups for hot carcass weight, the mean (� s.e) values being 25.1 0.43, 25.2 � 0.36,25.2 � 0.38, and 25.3 � 0.36 kg for L, LS, LO, and OL groups, respectively. When the GR and fat depth over the eye muscle at the 12th rib were adjusted to a common carcass weight of 25.2 kg there was no significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference between groups for pH, or the colour values a*, b*, and L* of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (a* is relative redness, b* relative yellowness, and L* relative lightness). The shear force values for the loin muscle were significantly (P<0.05) greater for lambs from group OL than for those from group LO. Cooking loss for the loin muscle was significantly (P<0.05) greater for OL lambs than all other groups. A comparison of the mean values for aroma and flavour showed the lambs from group OL produced meat that was considered significantly (P<0.05) less desirable for these characteristics, with other groups being similar. Meat from OL-fed lambs was considered oilier and less meaty than meat from lambs fed the other diets. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in absolute scores between panellists, but their ranking was not affected and there was no panellist x sample interaction. Because many producers use grain supplements such as oats and lupins for finishing lambs on dry forages, further study is recommended that focuses on the interaction between supplement and the base forage.

scholarly journals Behaviour and growth performance of low-birth-weight piglets cross-fostered in multiparous sows with piglets of higher birth weights

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Souza ◽  
H.C.C. Fries ◽  
G. Heim ◽  
J.E. Faccin ◽  
L.F. Hernig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
The Other ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Similar Body

The aim of the study was to evaluate the behaviour, pre-weaning survival rate and growth performance of low birth weight (BW) piglets cross-fostered with piglets of higher weights. Piglets were transferred to 60 foster sows, and divided in three groups (G; n=20): G1- 12 low BW piglets (0.80 - 1.25kg); G2- six low BW piglets and six intermediate BW piglets (1.40 - 1.60kg), and G3- six low BW piglets and six high BW piglets (>1.70kg). For the analysis, groups G2 and G3 were subdivided in LG2 (six G2 light piglets); IG2 (six G2 intermediate piglets), LG3 (six G3 light piglets), and HG3 (six G3 heavy piglets). Behavioural observations were carried out on days 1, 2, 4 and 6 (visual direct observation) and on days 3 and 5 (video recording) after birth. The percentage of missed nursings was higher in LG3 piglets than in LG1, IG2 and HG3 piglets, on days 1 and 2. On day 4, light piglets (LG1, LG2 and LG3) missed more nursings than IG2 and HG3 piglets. On day 3, video recording showed a higher percentage of missed nursings in LG1, LG2, and LG3 piglets as compared to HG3 piglets. On day 1, the number of fights during nursing was higher in IG2 than in LG1 and LG3 piglets. Also on day 1, number of fights and percentage of piglets engaged in fights, during 15min after nursing, were higher in LG1, LG3 and HG3 than in LG2 piglets. More playful behaviours were observed on day 2 in IG2 and HG3 piglets compared to LG1, LG2 and LG3 piglets. Light piglets (LG1, LG2, and LG3) presented similar body weight on days 4, 8, 12 and 16 after birth, regardless of being mixed with piglets of higher weights or not; however, the survival rate until day 16 was most compromised in LG3 piglets compared to the other groups. Despite the lack of influence of littermates' weight on the growth of low BW piglets, their survival rate indicates that they should not be mixed with high BW piglets.

scholarly journals Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Aneta Weres ◽  
Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Katarzyna Kalandyk-Osinko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Birth Body Weight

Background and Objectives. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between children’s birth weight/length and a risk of overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods. The study involved 747 children from kindergartens, as well as primary and middle schools from southeastern Poland. All the subjects were examined on fasting status. Each child was examined for body mass and height, in order to calculate their body mass index (BMI), and BMI centile. The parents completed a questionnaire related to basic information about the child and the family. Results. In the study group, the male infants presented greater birth body weight and birth body length. A comparison of the distribution of birth weights and lengths between the children with normal BMI and with high BMI showed statistically significant differences only in the case of birth length of 12–15-year-old children and in the group of boys aged 12–15 years. In the case of the female children and the group of 7–11-year-olds a statistically significant difference was found in the BMI centile at a later age—a higher centile was found in the girls and in the children aged 7–11 years classified as adequate for gestational age (AGA). Conclusions. Birth body weight is positively related to BMI centile; however, no significant differences were found in birth weight between children with overweight/obesity and children with normal body weight. Birth length is associated with a lower BMI centile only in boys aged 12–15 years, and lower birth length is found in boys with overweight and obesity.

Effect of feeding different sources of fat during gestation and lactation on reproduction of beef cows and calf performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Petit ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Experiment 1: Over a 2-yr period, a total of 231 Angus crossbred cows were assigned randomly to one of three gestation diets to evaluate the effects of fat sources on birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of calves, calf condition at birth, calf mortality, body weight of cows, gestation length, calving percentage, and the percentages of retained placenta and dystocia. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic supplements were based on whole flaxseed (FLA), calcium salts of palm oil (Megalac®, MEG) or no fat (CON). All cows were fed grass silage (90% of ad libitum intake) until 1 mo before calving. Cows were then fed grass silage for ad libitum intake until they were put on pasture. Cows were offered 600 g of supplement per head per day starting 43 d before the first calving for a period averaging 78 d. Diet had no effect on body weight (BW) of cows at calving. Birth weights of calves were similar among treatments. However, calf mortality percentage at birth was almost four times higher (P = 0.03) for cows fed CON compared with those fed FLA and MEG. More than 90% of cows rejected placenta within 12 h of calving and treatment had no effect. Cows fed FLA and CON tended (P ≤ 0.10) to have higher cumulative pregnancy rates (92.9 and 91.9%, respectively) than those fed MEG (76.7%). Experiment 2: From 2000 Jan. 19 to 2000 Sep. 05, 41 heifers received 600 g per head per day of one of the three supplements used in exp. 1 to determine the effect of fat supplementation during pregnancy and breeding. Diet had no effect on calf birth weight, but contrasts indicated that heifers fed MEG tended (P = 0.09) to have a lower pregnancy rate than those fed CON. These data suggest that cows and heifers fed grass silage and/or on pasture would not be deficient in omega 3 fatty acids, thus would not benefit from a supplement rich in omega 3 fatty acids such as flaxseed. However, fat supplementation contributed to lower calf mortality at birth in cows, but not in heifers. Key words: Beef, flaxseed, reproduction, fatty acids

scholarly journals The Impact of Blastocyst Grade on Singleton Birthweight in Fresh Transplanted Cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongyao Shi ◽  
Senlin Shi ◽  
Wenyan Song ◽  
Feifei Zhao ◽  
Haixia Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: A retrospectively cohort study was performed to compare the birth weight of different blastocyst grades in fresh transplantation cycle and explore the related factors affecting the birth weight. Methods: The 1301 fresh cycles of single blastocyst transplantation and single live birth profile were analyzed,four groups were divided according to the grade of transplanted blastocyst. There are 170 cycles in group A with AA blastocyst grade, 312 cycles in group B with AB/BA blastocyst grade, 559 cycles in group C with BB/CA/AC blastocyst grade and 260 cycles in group D with BC/CB blastocyst grade. Comparison were made among four groups of birth weight, general conditions, fertilization rate, embryo rate, cleavage rate and D5,D6 blastocyst formation rate and other laboratory indicators. And then comparison were performed among the birth weight of different groups which were divided by the degree of blastocyst expansion, and the classification of inner cell mass(ICM) and the trophectoderm(TE). Results: The study shows that the birth weight of group A is significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). And the high quality embryo rate and blastocyst rate of group A are significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). What’s more, the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and live birth rate of high grade blastocyst are higher, but there are no significant difference in abortion rate. The birth weight of the degree of blastocyst expansion in grade 3 and below is significantly lower than that of those with grade 3 and above (P < 0.05). The birth weight of grade A of ICM is significantly higher than that of grade B (P < 0.05). The birth weight of grade B of TE is significantly heavier than that of grade C (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate that high grade blastocyst transplantation can achieve better pregnancy outcome. Different blastocyst grades affect birth weight, and low grade blastocyst transplantation is associated with a single birth weight loss.

scholarly journals Relationship between body weight and leptin concentrations in mink dams and the birth parameters of kits

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bryl ◽  
Hanna Bis-Wencel ◽  
Brygida Ślaska ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the leptin concentration and body weight of mink females on the birth parameters of their kits. Blood samples were collected 3 times during preparation for reproduction, 7±2 days before mating. Total leptin concentration in serum was measured using commercial RIA kits (Millipore, St. Charles, Missouri USA). Research was conducted on 20 clinically healthy scanbrown female minks (Neovison Vison) aged 2-3 years. To evaluate their body condition, the females were divided into two groups based on the BCS scoring system. In the first group, referred to as BCS 2, lean females were included, and the second group (BCS 4) consisted of obese females. In mink dams belonging to BCS 2, the average leptin values were one-fourth of those in the BCS 4 group. The results obtained indicate the influence of the body mass of minks during preparation for reproduction on serum leptin concentration. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference between weights and leptin concentrations in groups BCS 2 and BCS 4. Among the other traits, such differences were not found. The analysis of results obtained in the two mink groups did not reveal a clear relationship between leptin in the serum of mothers before mating and the birth parameters of their kits.

scholarly journals Analysis of Grip Amplitude on Velocity in Paralympic Powerlifting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Marcelo Danilllo Matos dos Santos ◽  
Felipe J. Aidar ◽  
Andres Armas Alejo ◽  
Dihogo Gama de Matos ◽  
Raphael Fabricio de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Velocity Peak ◽  
Linear Encoder ◽  
Velocity Average

(1) Background: Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) is a Paralympic modality that is predominantly about developing maximal force, as there are athletes who lift three times their body weight. Our objective was to evaluate the averages of the velocity for 30% and 50% of 1 Maximum Repetition (1 RM) on different amplitudes of the footprint in PP athletes; (2) Methods: The intervention happened over two weeks, with the first being devoted to the familiarization and testing of 1 RM, while in the second week, through the use of a linear Encoder, tests of velocity average (VA), velocity average propulsive (VAP), and velocity peak (VP) were carried out with loads of 30% and 50% of a maximum repetition 1 RM for 1× of the biacromial distance (BAD) 1.3 × BAD, 1.5 × BAD; (3) Results: There was a significant difference in the average velocity of 1 × BAD (1.16 ± 0.14 m/s, 1.07–1.26 IC; η2p 0.20) when compared to 1.3 × BAD (1.00 ± 0.17 m/s, 0.90–1.09 IC; η2p 0.20) over 30% of 1 RM. For the other velocity variables for 30% and 50% of 1 RM with different grip amplitudes, there were no significant differences; (4) Conclusions: In PP, the 1 × BAD footprint contributes significantly to VA at 30% of 1 RM when compared to the 1.3 × BAD and 1.5 × BAD footprints. For loading at 50% of 1 RM the VA, VAP and VP decreased when compared to 30% of 1 RM, to the extent that the VAP and VP generated with the 1.3 × BAD and 1.5 × BAD footprints were higher than those with 1 × BAD, other than for VA 50% of 1 RM, where the 1 × BAD footprint was superior to the others.

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