scholarly journals Response of diamine oxidase and other plasma copper biomarkers to various dietary copper intakes in the rat and evaluation of copper absorption with a stable isotope

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Feillet-Coudray ◽  
C. Coudray ◽  
D. Bayle ◽  
E. Rock ◽  
Y. Rayssiguier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Cu Isotope

There is a lack of agreement on index of Cu status and reliable and sensitive biomarkers are still required. The purpose of this present work was to assess in rats the sensitivity of diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, a recently proposed biomarker, to modifications in dietary Cu intake in comparison with other plasma biomarkers of Cu status. We also evaluated the effect of Cu dietary level on Cu and Zn intestinal absorption. Results showed that plasma Cu and plasma caeruloplasmin were significantly decreased at day 8 compared with the control group (7·4 mg Cu/kg diet) while DAO activity was significantly decreased at day 12 of the deficient diet (0·61 mg Cu/kg diet). Cu supplementation (35 mg Cu/kg diet) had no effect on any of the studied biomarkers of Cu status. In Cu-deficient rats plasma Cu and DAO activities were normalized 4 d after return to the control diet while caeruloplasmin was normalized later, at day 11. Apparent absorption values (%) of total Cu or65Cu isotope were significantly increased in the Cu-deficient rats compared with the other groups and similar in the control and the Cu-supplemented groups. The urinary excretion of total Cu or65Cu isotope were increased in the Cu-supplemented group compared with the other two groups. Both apparent absorption and urinary excretion of total Zn or67Zn isotope remained unchanged in the three experimental groups. In conclusion, DAO activity seemed to be less sensitive to Cu deficiency than plasma Cu or caeruloplasmin concentrations. The present study also showed a significant increase in Cu intestinal absorption with dietary Cu restriction but no decrease with Cu supplementation in the rat.

Dietary Calcium Supplementation Suppresses Bone Formation in Magnesium-Deficient Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.

Phosphorus adaptation in rats in absence of vitamin D or parathyroid glands

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (4) ◽  
pp. G261-G265
Author(s):  
C. F. Cramer ◽  
J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Intestinal Excretion ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Pi Deficiency

Growing rats even when vitamin D deficient became adapted to inorganic phosphorus (Pi) deficiency by increasing absorption and minimizing excretion. Feeding low-Pi diet for 3 wk reduced urinary Pi by 80% (P < 0.001), and urinary 32P by 50% (P < 0.001). Low-Pi regimen increased 32p absorption from a 32P-labeled meal by 50% (P < 0.001), even when the animals were vitamin D deficient or thyroparathyroidectomized. The marked increase in retention of 32P in phosphorus-deficient rats could not be accounted for by decreased endogenous intestinal excretion plus increased kidney reabsorption; increased intestinal absorption played a part. 32P absorption was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) by vitamin D deficiency in rats fed either control diet (.6%) Pi or low-Pi diet (0.03%). Endogenous intestinal or urinary excretion of 32P was unaltered by vitamin D deficiency. The evidence supports the hypothesis that there are two mechanisms for phosphorus adaptation: kidney retention not requiring vitamin D, and inreased intestinal absorption of Pi not requiring parathyroids, thyroids, or vitamin D.

Adequate or elevated dietary folate does not ameliorate the reduced antioxidant capacity induced by vitamin B12 deficiency in aged rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Natalia Úbeda ◽  
Teresa Partearroyo ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract. Folate could have an antioxidant role but also may be detrimental under vitamin B12 deficiency. The aim was to investigate the effect of different dietary folic acid (FA) levels, on oxidative stress in B12 induced deficient aged rats. Thirty-five male aged Sprague–Dawley rats, were fed either a vitamin B12 deficient (n = 27) or a control diet (n = 8) during eight weeks. Then, animals were divided into four groups: B12 and FA deficient diet (DBDF), B12 deficient diet and FA control diet (DBCF), B12 deficient diet and FA supplemented diet (DBSF), and control diet (CBCF) for a 30 days period. Methionine metabolism and antioxidant status were evaluated. Both vitamins deficiencies elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) (7.7 vs. 4.3 μmol/L, p < 0.05) and reduced S-adenosylmethionine hepatic content (283.7 vs. 581.9 μg/g protein, p < 0.05), the total antioxidant capacity (155.7 vs. 189.3 μmol/L, p < 0.05), glutathione (GSH) (120.5 vs. 419.9 μg/mg protein, p < 0.05) and oxidized glutathione (0.9 vs. 2.6 μg/mg protein, p < 0.05) compared to control. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes or damage to macromolecules were unaffected. Adequate or elevated dietary FA in B12 deficiency rats decreased Hcy (5.7 and 6.3 μmol/L, respectively) and increased total antioxidant capacity (189.8 and 192.6 μmol/L, respectively) to values similar to control group, whereas GSH concentration was significantly lower than control (209.1 and 208.0 μg/mg protein respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, in a vitamin B12 deficiency status, adequate or elevated FA prevented impairment in one-carbon metabolism, but does not fully reverse the decrease in antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Diets Containing Pearl Millet Supplemented with Enzyme on the Carcass and Haematological Values of Broiler Chicken

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
John Amedu Edache ◽  
Lydia Inyam ◽  
Stephen Ejembi Edache
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Feeding Diets

Pearl millet, which is comparable to maize in terms of its metabolizable energy content is an identified potential replacement for maize in broiler diets. However, as the competition and price of maize continues to spike, the continuous need to completely replace maize in broiler diets is imperative. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding diets containing pearl millet supplemented with enzyme NatuzymeTM on the carcass characteristics and haematological values of broiler chickens. 150 two weeks-old broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 birds per pen translating into 10 birds per replicate and fed an isonitrogenous (23%CP) starter diet of control diet (A); 0% (B); 10% (C); 20% (D); 30.01% and (E) 37.41 % pearl millet. Similarly, an isonitrogenous (21%CP) finisher diet of control diet (A); 0% (B); 10.64% pearl millet (C); 21.28% (D); 31.92% and (E) 39.27 % of pearl millet for 6 weeks. The birds were randomly allotted to the diets in a completely randomized design with feed and water given ad libitum. With the exception of drumstick of birds fed diet D which was significantly lower than the other diets, the results showed that the carcass values (parameters) of broilers fed 100% pearl millet were similar or non-superior to the control group and the other diets. Similarly, blood parameters were not significantly different between groups. These results show that pearl millet supplemented with enzyme can replace maize in broiler diets without affecting carcass yields and haematological parameters.

Effects of Memantine and High Dose Vitamin D on Gait in Male APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s Disease Mice Following Vitamin D Deprivation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dana Broberg ◽  
Dickson Wong ◽  
Miranda Bellyou ◽  
Manuel Montero-Odasso ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glutamate Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet

Background: Altered gait is a frequent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as is vitamin D deficiency. Treatment with memantine and vitamin D can protect cortical axons from exposure to amyloid-β and glutamate toxicity, suggesting this combination may mitigate altered gait in AD. Objective: Investigate the effects of vitamin D deprivation and subsequent treatment with memantine and vitamin D enrichment on gait performance in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Methods: Male APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were split into four groups (n = 14 each) at 2.5 months of age. A control group was fed a standard diet throughout while the other three groups started a vitamin D-deficient diet at month 6. One group remained on this deficient diet for the rest of the study. At month 9, the other two groups began treatment with either memantine alone or memantine combined with 10 IU/g of vitamin D. Gait was assessed using CatWalk at months 6, 9, 12, and 15. Results: Vitamin D deprivation led to a 13% increase in hind stride width by month 15 (p <  0.001). Examination of the treatment groups at month 15 revealed that mice treated with memantine alone still showed an increase in hind stride width compared to controls (p <  0.01), while mice treated with memantine and vitamin D did not (p = 0.21). Conclusion: Vitamin D deprivation led to impaired postural control in the APPswe/PS1dE9 model. Treatment with memantine and vitamin D, but not memantine alone, prevented this impairment. Future work should explore the potential for treatments incorporating vitamin D supplementation to improve gait in people with AD.

scholarly journals Studies on the nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) Magnesium deficiency: the effect of feeding with a Mg-supplemented diet

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Knox ◽  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
J. W. Adron
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
And Control

1. For a period of 8 weeks, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), mean initial weight 21 g, were given either a low-magnesium or control diet containing 0·03 and 0·58 g Mg/kg diet respectively. Both groups of trout were then given the control diet for a further 11 weeks.2. Weight gains over the initial 8-week period were lowest in the Mg-deficient trout. Feeding the deficient fish the control diet rapidly improved growth rate until it was the same as that of the control trout.3. Plasma Mg was significantly lower in the Mg-deficient trout at week 8. Feeding with the control diet for 11 weeks did not increase plasma Mg. Few changes were observed in the plasma concentrations of the other electrolytes.4. Renal calcium concentrations were unaffected by dietary Mg levels. Similarly, the renal levels of phosphorus, sodium and potassium all fell within the range found in normal rainbow trout.5. Muscle Mg concentrations were reduced in those trout given the Mg-deficient diet. Feeding with the control diet for a further 11 weeks increased muscle Mg but the level was still significantly lower than that found in trout given the control diet for 19 weeks.6. The bone ash Mg concentration was significantly lower, and the Ca higher, in the deficient fish at week 8, when compared with the control group.7. When compared with the value at the start of the experiment, total bone Mg fell slightly in the deficient trout over the initial 8-week period, but increased in the control group of fish. Feeding with the control diet for a further 11 weeks increased total bone Mg in both Mg-deficient trout and control trout.8. The results show that the Mg deficiency imposed on the rainbow trout was of limited severity and almost complete recovery was obtained when the control diet was fed.

scholarly journals A Calcium-Deficient Diet in Dams during Gestation Increases Insulin Resistance in Male Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Takaya ◽  
Sohsaku Yamanouchi ◽  
Jiro Kino ◽  
Yuko Tanabe ◽  
Kazunari Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Deficient Group

Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome. Osteocalcin (OC), a bone formation biomarker, acts directly on β-cells and increases insulin secretion. We determined the effects of Ca deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation on insulin resistance in offspring. Female Wistar rats consumed either a Ca-deficient or control diet ad libitum from three weeks preconception to 21 days postparturition. Pups were allowed to nurse their original mothers until weaning. The offspring were fed a control diet beginning at weaning and were killed on day 180. Serum carboxylated OC (Gla-OC) and undercarboxylated OC (Glu-OC), insulin and adipokines in offspring were measured. In males, mean levels of insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR were higher in the Ca-deficient group than in the control group. In addition, ionized Ca (iCa) was inversely associated with serum Glu-OC and adiponectin in males. In females, mean levels of Glu-OC and Gla-OC in the Ca-deficient group were higher than in the control group. In all offspring, serum leptin levels were correlated with serum insulin levels, and inversely correlated with iCa. In conclusion, maternal Ca restriction during pregnancy and/or lactation influences postnatal offspring Ca metabolism and insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner.

scholarly journals Actions of Probiotics on Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Shiina ◽  
Takeshi Shima ◽  
Kiyotada Naitou ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakamori ◽  
Yuuki Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Colitis Model

We investigated the actions of probiotics,Streptococcus faecalis129 BIO 3B (SF3B), in a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced colitis model in rats. After TNBS was administered into the colons of rats for induction of colitis, the rats were divided into two groups: one group was given a control diet and the other group was given a diet containing SF3B for 14 days. There were no apparent differences in body weight, diarrhea period, macroscopic colitis score, and colonic weight/length ratio between the control group and SF3B group, suggesting that induction of colitis was not prevented by SF3B. Next, we investigated whether SF3B-containing diet intake affects the restoration of enteric neurotransmissions being damaged during induction of colitis by TNBS using isolated colonic preparations. Recovery of the nitrergic component was greater in the SF3B group than in the control group. A compensatory appearance of nontachykininergic and noncholinergic excitatory components was less in the SF3B group than in the control group. In conclusion, the present study suggests that SF3B-containing diet intake can partially prevent disruptions of enteric neurotransmissions induced after onset of TNBS-induced colitis, suggesting that SF3B has therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the biological quality of defatted pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) seed flour protein supplemented with lysine to rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miliane Martins de Andrade FAGUNDES ◽  
Ana Maria Fernandes VIANA ◽  
Mayara Medeiros de Freitas CARVALHO ◽  
Marcelo Eustáquio SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Protein Free Diet

ABSTRACT Objective In the biome of the Brazilian Cerrado, there are a lot of fruit tree species that stand out for their sensory quality and for presenting potentialities in the market of pulp and almond. Among these species, the pequi deserves attention because it has an almond rich in proteins and that is little explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological quality of defatted pequi seed flour supplemented with lysine. Methods Two designs were done in this study; in the first, the animals were divided into four diet groups: control, protein-free, defatted pequi seed flour and defatted pequi seed flour supplemented with lysine. The protein-free diet was exempt of proteins and the other diets had a protein content of 10% and differed in protein source (casein: control diet or defatted pequi seed flour: test diets). The experiment lasted for 14 days. In the second design, 36 animals were used and followed-up for 28 days. The division of the experimental groups was kept, except for the protein-free diet group, which was excluded. By the end of the test, the animals were anaesthetised and euthanized. Results The results showed that the protein efficiency ratio of the control group was significantly higher than the other groups. For the other indices, the groups that received defatted pequi seed flour did not differ statistically among themselves. Conclusion These findings have shown an effect of supplementation on the protein efficiency ratio when comparing the test diets, however, when compared to the control group, no improvement was found.

scholarly journals The effects of life-long subsistence on diets providing suboptimal amounts of the “Vitamin B complex”

1938 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Drummond ◽  
Audrey Z. Baker ◽  
Margaret D. Wright ◽  
Phyllis M. Marrian ◽  
Eleanor M. Singer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Lung Infection

1. A comparative study has been made of the life history of two groups of rats, one of which (483 animals) was maintained on an adequate diet whilst the other (556 animals) was given a ration providing a suboptimal intake of “vitamin B”. The chief defect of the second diet was probably in respect to vitamin B1.2. The duration of life was shortened and reproduction was adversely affected by the deficiency.3. The examination of the post-mortem records provides clear proof of a significantly greater incidence of gastro-intestinal lesions, particularly ulcerations, in the animals on the deficient diet than in the control group.4. The deficiency of B1 did not influence the incidence or the severity of the chronic lung infection (bronchiectasis) common in laboratory rats.5. The incidence of all other disorders was about the same in the two groups.6. No evidence of increased susceptibility to tumours, malignant or innocent, was shown by the animals on the deficient diet. Cancerous developments arising at the site of chronic inflammatory processes (e.g. worm cysts in the liver, caecal ulcers of long standing, etc.) were not appreciably more numerous in one group than in the other.

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