scholarly journals Bioavailability of strawberry antioxidants in human subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Azzini ◽  
Paola Vitaglione ◽  
Federica Intorre ◽  
Aurora Napolitano ◽  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
First Time ◽  
Meal Consumption

Strawberries contain many antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolic compounds including anthocyanins (ACN). In the present study, antioxidant composition of fresh strawberries (FS) and stored strawberries (SS) and the bioavailability of the main strawberry bioactive compounds were determined in human subjects. Thirteen healthy volunteers consumed 300 g of FS and SS on two separate occasions. Blood, before and at different time points from meal consumption, as well as 24 h urine, was collected, and parent compounds and metabolites of the different compounds were determined by HPLC or LC/MS/MS. A reduction in α-carotene plasma concentrationsv.baseline values was recorded after the consumption of FS, although the amount of this carotenoid was higher in the SS. On the contrary, a significant increase of plasma vitamin C after 2, 3 and 5 h (P < 0·05) of FS and SS consumption was recorded. No quercetin and ACN were found in plasma, while coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA, 56 and 54 % of pelargonidin-3-glucoside (Pel-glc) ingested with FS and SS, respectively) and protocatechuic acid (59 and 34 % of cyanidin-3-glucoside ingested with FS and SS, respectively) over 8 h from strawberry consumption were retrieved in the plasma. Pelargonidin glucuronide, pelargonidin glucoside and pelargonidin aglycone peaked in urine within 2 h of strawberry consumption, and the 24 h amount excreted was always approximately 0·9 % of the Pel-glc dose ingested. The data indicated that the content of phytochemicals in strawberries may influence the bioavailability of individual compounds. Furthermore, in the present study, the metabolism of Pel-glc was elucidated, and, for the first time, 4HBA was suggested to be a major human metabolite of Pel-glc.

scholarly journals Absorption of red clover isoflavones in human subjects: results from a pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1569-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Maul ◽  
Sabine E. Kulling
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Bioavailability ◽  
Present Pilot Study

In addition to soya-derived preparations, red clover-based dietary supplements have gained considerable interest as an alternative isoflavone (IF) source. While metabolism and bioavailability of the main IF from both sources have already been investigated, studies are still lacking on the biokinetic behaviour of IF, which are present in red clover in minor amounts. In the present pilot study, in which seven volunteers ingested a single dose of a commercial red clover dietary supplement, we focused on the absorption of three such IF, irilone (IRI), prunetin (PRUN) and pseudobaptigenin (PBAP). The compounds were measured as aglycones after enzymatic hydrolysis. A single intake of an amount of as low as 3·8 mg IRI (out of 38·8 mg IF in total) resulted in an IRI plasma concentration of 0·35 (sd 0·16) μm at 6.5 h post-ingestion. Compared to the plasma concentrations found for daidzein (0·39 μm) and genistein (0·06 μm), expected to be the main IF metabolites in plasma, the present findings indicate that IRI might possess a relatively high bioavailability. Furthermore, PRUN and PBAP were detected in human plasma for the first time.

scholarly journals Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin C are better correlated with dietary intake in normal weight than overweight and obese elderly subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Vioque ◽  
Tanja Weinbrenner ◽  
Laura Asensio ◽  
Adela Castelló ◽  
Ian S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, assessed by FFQ, have been positively associated with plasma concentrations in different populations. However, the influence of BMI on these associations has not been explored in detail. We explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between dietary carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, using a 135-item FFQ, with their plasma concentrations by BMI categories in 252 men and 293 women, 65 years and older. For men and women combined, significant (P < 0·05) Pearson correlations were observed between energy-adjusted dietary intakes and plasma concentrations (carotenoids adjusted for cholesterol) for: α-carotene 0·21, β-carotene 0·19, lycopene 0·18, β-cryptoxanthin 0·20 and vitamin C 0·36. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the intake of carotenoids and vitamin C were significant predictors of their respective plasma concentration (P < 0·01), and that BMI was inversely associated with plasma concentration of carotenoids (P ≤ 0·01) but not with plasma vitamin C. In addition, we observed significant interactions between BMI and the intakes of α-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin, and to a lower extent β-carotene, suggesting that these intakes in subjects with high BMI were not good predictors of their plasma concentration. The present data suggest that plasma carotenoids and vitamin C may be good markers of dietary intake in elderly subjects, but not so for α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin in obese subjects.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Constituents From Chaenomeles speciosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2091369
Author(s):  
Liangliang Yao ◽  
Suyou Zhu ◽  
Ziyi Hu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Nisar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

Phytochemical investigation of fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa Lindley (Rosaceae) led to the isolation of 20 compounds including 5 flavonoids (1-5), 5 phenylpropanoids (6-10), 3 benzoic acid derivatives (11-13), 2 phloroglucinols (14 and 15), 2 purines (16 and 17), and 3 terpenoids (18–20). Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance analyses and from mass spectrometry data. These compounds were confirmed as catechin (1), epicatechin (2), catechin-5- O-β-d-glucoside (3), procyanidin B1 (4), quercetin-3- O-β-d-glucoside (5), p-coumaric acid (6), ferulic acid (7), caffeic alcohol (8), 1- O-p-coumaroyl-β-d-glucose (9), 1- O-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucose (10), p-hydroxybenzonic acid (11), protocatechuic acid (12), benzoic acid-β-d-gentiobioside (13), phloracetophenone 4′-glucoside (14), 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl β-d-glucopyranoside (15), adenine (16), adenosine (17), betulalbuside A (18), vomifoliol (19), and roseoside (20). Compounds 3-5, 8, 10, and 13-18 were isolated from the genus Chaenomeles and C. speciosa for the first time. Out of all these, compound 17 showed the best anti-inflammatory properties, comparable with those of the already known minocycline.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary quercetin on oxidative DNA damage in healthy human subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Beatty ◽  
James D. O'Reilly ◽  
Timothy G. England ◽  
Gareth T. McAnlis ◽  
Ian S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

The effect of dietary intake of flavonols (predominantly quercetin) on oxidative DNA damage was studied in thirty-six healthy human subjects (sixteen men, twenty women). The study was a randomised crossover study, comprising two 14 d treatments of either a low-flavonol (LF) or high-flavonol (HF) diet with a 14 d wash-out period between treatments. Subjects were asked to avoid foods containing flavonols, flavones and flavanols during the LF dietary treatment period and to consume one 150 g onion (Allium cepa) cake (containing 89·7 mg quercetin) and one 300 ml cup of black tea (containing 1·4 mg quercetin) daily during the HF dietary treatment. A 7 d food diary was kept during each dietary period and blood samples were taken after each dietary treatment. Products of oxidative damage to DNA bases were measured in DNA from leucocytes. The study had more than 95 % power to detect a change of 20 % in DNA damage products Plasma vitamin C and plasma quercetin concentrations were also measured. No significant differences in intake of macronutrients or assessed micronutrients, measured DNA base damage products, or plasma vitamin C were found between the HF and LF dietary treatments. The plasma quercetin concentration was significantly higher after the HF dietary treatment period (228·5 (SEM 34·7) nmol/l) than after the LF dietary treatment period (less than the limit of detection, i.e. <66·2 nmol/l). These findings do not support the hypothesis that dietary quercetin intake substantially affects oxidative DNA damage in leucocytes.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Behaviours and Plasma Vitamin C andβ-Carotene Levels from the ELAN Population (Liège, Belgium)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Pincemail ◽  
Sophie Vanbelle ◽  
Fabien Degrune ◽  
Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien ◽  
Corinne Charlier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Β Carotene

Several factors, including fruit and vegetables intakes, have been shown to significantly influence the plasma concentrations of the two antioxidants vitamin C and β-carotene. Deficiency levels of 6 mg/L (34.2 μM) for vitamin C and of 0.22 mg/L (0.4 μM) for β-carotene have been suggested below which cardiovascular risk might be increased. The present study performed on 897 presumably healthy subjects aged 40–60 years aimed to examine how modifiable lifestyle factors may be related to vitamin C and/or β-carotene deficiency. Gender, smoking, lack of regular physical activity and of daily fruit consumption (≥2/day), and social status (in particular, unemployment) were found to be significant risk factors for vitamin C deficiency. For β-carotene deficiency, the same factors were identified except social status; moreover, overweight and OC use in women were also found to have a deleterious effect. For non exposed subjects, the probability of developing vitamin C deficiency was 4% in men and 2.4% in women. This probability increased to 66.3% for men and to 44.3% for women (and even to 50.4% under OC use), when all risk factors were present. For β-carotene deficiency, the corresponding probabilities were equal to 29.7% in men and 13.7% in women (no risk factor present), and to 86.1% for men and 69.9% (91.6% for OC use) for women (all factors present), respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of three Ornithogalum L. species

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Gülin Renda ◽  
Arzu Özel ◽  
Emine Akyüz Turumtay ◽  
Burak Barut ◽  
Büşra Korkmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Aboveground parts and bulbs of Ornithogalum species are consumed as food and used in traditional medicine in worldwide. Objective It is aimed to report the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds content of Ornithogalum sigmoideum, Ornithogalum orthophyllum and Ornithogalum oligophyllum for the first time. Materials and methods Antioxidant activity of the crude methanol extracts of the aerial parts and the bulbs of the species were determined with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, superoxide radical scavenging, ferrous ion-chelating effect, phosphomolybdenum-reducing antioxidant power and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. The ethylacetate, diethylether and water subextracts from leaf and flower were analyzed to quantify selected phenolic compounds by HPLC-UV. Results Among the six extracts, the methanol extract of the aerial parts of O. orthophyllum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds (GAE, 11.0 mg/g extract). The aerial parts of O. orthophyllum showed higher DPPH and SOD activities than the other extracts with the SC50 values of 0.39±0.05 mg/mL and 0.44±0.08 mg/mL, respectively. Protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid were the most abundant compounds at all the subextracts. Conclusion The antioxidant activity is found to be in accordance with the levels of phenolic content in the extracts.

scholarly journals Interrelation between Plasma Concentrations of Vitamins C and E along the Trajectory of Ageing in Consideration of Lifestyle and Body Composition: A Longitudinal Study over Two Decades

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jungert ◽  
Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Main Determinants

Although the interrelation between vitamins C and E has been demonstrated on an experimental level, its impact on biomarkers in community-dwelling subjects along the trajectory of ageing has not yet been shown. The present longitudinal study investigates the determinants and interrelation of vitamins C and E plasma concentrations in 399 subjects aged ≥60 years with a median follow-up time of 12 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the influence of age, sex, body composition, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking and supplement/drug use on plasma vitamin C, plasma α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol/total cholesterol ratio. At baseline, median plasma concentrations of vitamin C and α-tocopherol were 74 and 35 µmol/L. Absolute fat-free mass, physical activity, use of supplements, and plasma α-tocopherol were main determinants of plasma vitamin C in the course of ageing. For the α-tocopherol/total cholesterol ratio, age, use of supplements, use of lipid-modifying drugs, and plasma vitamin C were main determinants. The results reveal a stable positive interrelation between plasma concentrations of vitamins C and E along the trajectory of ageing independent of the other identified determinants. The possible regulatory mechanisms that could explain this robust positive interrelation remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Lutein ester in serum after lutein supplementation in human subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Granado ◽  
Begoña Olmedilla ◽  
Enrique Gil-Martínez ◽  
Inmaculada Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Xanthophyll Esters ◽  
Carotenoid Profile ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Lutein, one of the major carotenoids present in serum, is also widely consumed by most populations. For the purpose of testing the potential health benefits of several carotenoids, lutein was supplied as part of an intervention trial to test whether the consumption of these food constituents reduces oxidative damage to human tissue components. Lutein from a natural source (15 mg/d as mixed ester forms) was supplied for 4 months to eighteen non-smoking, apparently healthy volunteers (nine men, nine women) aged 25–45 years. The serum carotenoid profile was analysed at baseline and monthly thereafter. On average, lutein concentrations increased 5-fold after the first month of supplementation (mean 1·34 (range 0·6–3·34) μmol/l). On reviewing the results, in those volunteers whose lutein levels surpassed 1·05 μmol/l (fourteeen of seventeen), we tentatively identified lutein monopalmitate along with another unidentified ester (possibly from a monoketocarotenoid) in serum. Lutein levels returned to baseline values and ester forms were not present 3 months after supplementation was discontinued. Their concentrations did not correlate with, and represented less than 3% of, lutein levels achieved in serum. They were observed before development of, and despite the presence of, carotenodermia. To our knowledge, this is the first time xanthophyll esters have been described in human serum. In view of the fact that xanthophyll esters have not been previously reported in serum and chylomicrons, it seems unlikely that these ester forms would be a reflection of the contents of the capsule. They may indicate a ‘ceiling effect’ on or saturation of the transport capacity for xanthophylls, and may have been re-esterifiedin vivobecause of the unusual dietary conditions. The determination of the physiological importance of this finding will require further investigation, although neither haematological nor biochemical changes were detected.

α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Docking Studies of 5-Deoxyflavonols and Dihydroflavonols Isolated from Abutilon pakistanicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 1857-1866
Author(s):  
Munawar Hussain ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Shamsun N. Khan ◽  
Syed A. A. Shah ◽  
Rizwana Razi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Phenol Moiety

Three new 5-deoxyflavonoid and dihydroflavonoids 2, 3 and 4 have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Abutioln pakistanicum aerial parts, for which structures were elucidated explicitly by extensive MS- and NMR-experiments. In addition to these, 3,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy flavonol (1) is reported for the first time from Abutioln pakistanicum. Compound 2 and 4 are p-coumaric acid esters while compounds 2–4 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Docking studies indicated that the ability of flavonoids 2, 3 and 4 to form multiple hydrogen bonds with catalytically important residues is decisive hence is responsible for the inhibition activity. The docking results signified the observed in-vitro activity quite well which is in accordance with previously obtained conclusion that phenol moiety and hydroxyl group are critical for the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme.

scholarly journals Intravenous administration of LPS activates the kynurenine pathway in healthy male human subjects: a prospective placebo-controlled cross-over trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Millischer ◽  
Matthias Heinzl ◽  
Anthi Faka ◽  
Michael Resl ◽  
Ada Trepci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Endotoxemia Model

Abstract Background Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, also known as the human endotoxemia model, is a standardized and safe model of human inflammation. Experimental studies have revealed that peripheral administration of LPS leads to induction of the kynurenine pathway followed by depressive-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction in animals. The aim of the present study is to investigate how acute intravenous LPS administration affects the kynurenine pathway in healthy male human subjects. Methods The present study is a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study to investigate the effects of intravenously administered LPS (Escherichia coli O113, 2 ng/kg) on tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites over 48 h and their association with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The study included 10 healthy, non-smoking men (18–40 years) free from medication. Statistical differences in tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites as well as associations with IL-6 and CRP in LPS and placebo treated subjects were assessed with linear mixed-effects models. Results Systemic injection of LPS was associated with significantly lower concentrations of plasma tryptophan and kynurenine after 4 h, as well as higher concentrations of quinolinic acid (QUIN) after 48 h compared to the placebo injection. No differences were found in kynurenic acid (KYNA) or picolinic acid plasma concentrations between LPS or placebo treatment. The KYNA/kynurenine ratio peaked at 6 h post LPS injection while QUIN/kynurenine maintained significantly higher from 3 h post LPS injection until 24 h. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was higher at 24 h and 48 h post LPS treatment. Finally, we report an association between the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and CRP. Conclusions Our findings strongly support the concept that an inflammatory challenge with LPS induces the kynurenine pathway in humans, activating both the neurotoxic (QUIN) and neuroprotective (KYNA) branch of the kynurenine pathway. Trial registration This study is based on a study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03392701. Registered 21 December 2017.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document