Population compliance with national dietary recommendations and its determinants: findings from the ORISCAV-LUX study

The objective of the present study was to determine the proportion of adults meeting national recommendations for food and nutrient intake and to identify the demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors that may contribute to weaken dietary compliance. ORISCAV-LUX is a cross-sectional study that took place in Luxembourg (2007–8). A representative stratified random sample of 1352 adults aged 18–69 years participated in the nationwide cardiovascular health survey. A FFQ was used to estimate food intake. Radar charts were built to compare graphically the compliance of the participants with different key dietary guidelines on the same set of axes. The thirteen food- and nutrient-based recommendations were scored and summed to create a recommendation compliance index (range − 0·5 to 14). Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors contributing to poor dietary compliance. Several food- and nutrient-based guidelines were insufficiently respected compared with others. The greatest gaps occurred in the adherence to grain and dairy product consumption guidelines, as well as to total fat and notably to SFA recommendations. Age, country of birth, economic status, smoking status and subject's awareness of the importance of balanced meals emerged as independently associated with weak dietary compliance. Obese subjects conformed more to dietary recommendations compared with normal-weight subjects. The findings underscore the need for specific nutrition education messages along with targeted interventions. Efforts should be continued to increase population awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet.

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Prevalence of Physical Activity Among Lebanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.6.3.315 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 315-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohamad Al-Tannir ◽

Samer Kobrosly ◽

Taha Itani ◽

Mariam El-Rajab ◽

Sawsan Tannir

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Medical History ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Physical Activity Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Activity Behavior ◽

The Relationship

Background:This survey aims to assess the prevalence of physical activity among adult Lebanese, and to report the relationship between sociodemographic variables and physical activity behavior, highlighting the correlates discouraging people to carry out physical activity.Methods:A cross-sectional study using an anonymous self-reported questionnaire was conducted on 346 adults from four Lebanese districts. Demographic characteristics, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and medical history were obtained.Results:Prevalence of physical activity among Lebanese adults was 55.5% (192/346). Age, BMI, marital status, medical history, occupation, educational level, and smoking were significantly associated with physical activity (P < .05). Inactive obese participants were about three times more likely to report hypertension and diabetes than inactive normal weight participants (P = .013). BMI was significantly higher among inactive participants (P = .014).Conclusion:Physical activity among Lebanese adults was comparable to other populations. Married, non–office workers, and smokers were the main correlates of physical inactivity in Lebanese adulthood.

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Comparison of children's dietary intake patterns with US dietary guidelines

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500001641 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 361-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Louise M. Brady ◽

Christine H. Lindquist ◽

Sara L. Herd ◽

Michael I. Goran

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

The United States ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

United States Department ◽

Adult Health ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

American Children

Monitoring dietary intake patterns among children is important in order to explore and prevent the onset of adult health problems. The aim of the present study was to compare children's dietary intakes with national recommendations and to determine whether sex or ethnic differences were evident. This was done using a methodology that allows assessment of intake from the major components of the Food Guide Pyramid developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA: ). The sample studied included 110 African-American and Caucasian males and females (mean age 9·9 years, BMI 20·1 kg/m2) from Birmingham, AL, USA, who were participating in a study investigating the development of obesity. Dietary data were based on three 24 h recalls and food group intake was determined using the USDA Pyramid Servicing Database. The results indicated that a high percentage of subjects failed to meet the recommended number of servings from each of the food groups. For example, only 5 % and 9 % met fruit and dietary group recommendations respectively. Consumption of foods from the Pyramid ‘tip’ (including discretionary fat and added sugar) contributed almost 50 % of the diet. African-Americans were more likely to meet requirements for the meat group, with a higher proportion of Caucasians meeting dietary recommendations. Males were more likely to meet the vegetable group guidelines although females consumed more energy per day from discretionary fat. In conclusion, these results suggest that implementation of nutrition education programmes may be important for promoting healthy nutrition among American children.

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Findings from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 support salad consumption as an effective strategy for improving adherence to dietary recommendations

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018003695 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (06) ◽

pp. 976-987 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rhonda S Sebastian ◽

Cecilia Wilkinson Enns ◽

Joseph D Goldman ◽

M Katherine Hoy ◽

Alanna J Moshfegh

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Effective Strategy ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Study Results

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the previously untested assumption that eating more salad enhances vegetable intake and determine if salad consumption is in fact associated with higher vegetable intake and greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations.DesignIndividuals were classified as salad reporters or non-reporters based upon whether they consumed a salad composed primarily of raw vegetables on the intake day. Regression analyses were applied to calculate adjusted estimates of food group intakes and assess the likelihood of meeting Healthy US-Style Food Pattern recommendations by salad reporting status.SettingCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2011–2014 in What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsUS adults (n 9678) aged ≥20 years (excluding pregnant and lactating women).ResultsOn the intake day, 23 % of adults ate salad. The proportion of individuals reporting salad varied by sex, age, race, income, education and smoking status (P<0·001). Compared with non-reporters, salad reporters consumed significantly larger quantities of vegetables (total, dark green, red/orange and other), which translated into a two- to threefold greater likelihood of meeting recommendations for these food groups. More modest associations were observed between salad consumption and differences in intake and likelihood of meeting recommendations for protein foods (total and seafood), oils and refined grains.ConclusionsStudy results confirm the DGA message that incorporating more salads in the diet is one effective strategy (among others, such as eating more cooked vegetables) to augment vegetable consumption and adherence to dietary recommendations concerning vegetables.

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Associations between Macronutrient Intakes and Obesity/Metabolic Risk Phenotypes: Findings of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 628 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ha-Na Kim ◽

Sang-Wook Song

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Positive Association ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition

Obesity is a risk factor for many health issues, as are metabolic abnormalities. However, few studies have addressed the associations between obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes and dietary macronutrient intakes (carbohydrate, protein, and fat). Therefore, this study examined the associations between macronutrient intakes and obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes in a Korean population. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Korean civilians, conducted in 2014 and 2016, and data on a total of 7374 participants were analyzed. Macronutrient intakes were defined as the proportions of energy derived from carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Those exhibiting obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes (or not) were divided into four groups: normal weight without metabolic abnormalities; obese without metabolic abnormalities; normal weight with metabolic abnormalities; and obese with metabolic abnormalities. After adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, extent of physical activity, household income, and daily fiber intake, no association was found between the proportions of carbohydrate, protein, or fat intakes and obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes except for a positive association between metabolically healthy but obese status and low protein intake in females. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of macronutrient intakes on obesity/metabolic risk phenotypes and associated health outcomes.

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Vitamin K Status in Adherent and Non-Adherent Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061772 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1772

Author(s):

Renata Mozrzymas ◽

Dariusz Walkowiak ◽

Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż ◽

Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska ◽

Monika Duś-Żuchowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin K ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Vitamin K Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Compliance ◽

Dietary Consumption ◽

Vitamin Intake ◽

K Deficiency

This is the first study to evaluate vitamin K status in relation to dietary intake and phenylalanine dietary compliance in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The dietary and PKU formula intake of vitamin K was calculated in 34 PKU patients, with vitamin K status determined by the measurement of prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II). Blood phenylalanine concentrations in the preceding 12 months were considered. There were significantly more phenylalanine results exceeding 6 mg/dL in patients with normal PIVKA-II concentrations than in those with abnormal PIVKA-II levels (p = 0.035). Similarly, a higher total intake of vitamin K and dietary vitamin intake expressed as μg/day (p = 0.033 for both) and %RDA (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.003, respectively) was observed in patients with normal PIVKA-II levels. Abnormal PIVKA-II concentrations were associated with a lower OR (0.1607; 95%CI: 0.0273–0.9445, p = 0.043) of having a median phenylalanine concentration higher than 6 mg/dL. In conclusion, vitamin K deficiency is not uncommon in phenylketonuria and may also occur in patients with adequate vitamin K intake. PKU patients with better dietary compliance have a higher risk of vitamin K deficiency. The present findings highlight the need for further studies to re-evaluate dietary recommendations regarding vitamin K intake, both concerning formula-based and dietary consumption of natural products.

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How well do Australian women comply with dietary guidelines?

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2003538 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 443-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Kylie Ball ◽

Gita D Mishra ◽

Christopher W Thane ◽

Allison Hodge

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Population Based ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Middle Aged ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioural Characteristics ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To investigate the proportion of middle-aged Australian women meeting national dietary recommendations and its variation according to selected sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics.Design:This cross-sectional population-based study used a food-frequency questionnaire to investigate dietary patterns and compliance with 13 commonly promoted dietary guidelines among a cohort of middle-aged women participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.Setting:Nation-wide community-based survey.Subjects:A total of 10 561 women aged 50–55 years at the time of the survey in 2001.Results:Only about one-third of women complied with more than half of the guidelines, and only two women in the entire sample met all 13 guidelines examined. While guidelines for meat/fish/poultry/eggs/nuts/legumes and ‘extra’ foods (e.g. ice cream, chocolate, cakes, potatoes, pizza, hamburgers and wine) were met well, large percentages of women (68–88%) did not meet guidelines relating to the consumption of breads, cereal-based foods and dairy products, and intakes of total and saturated fat and iron. Women working in lower socio-economic status occupations, and women living alone or with people other than a partner and/or children, were at significantly increased risk of not meeting guidelines.Conclusions:The present results indicate that a large proportion of middle-aged Australian women are not meeting dietary guidelines. Without substantial changes in their diets, and help in making these changes, current national guidelines appear unachievable for many women.

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Does the diet of Tehranian adults ensure compliance with nutritional targets? Observations from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011000711 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 1539-1548 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽

Mahsa Jessri ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

Mahboubeh Sadeghi ◽

Fereidoun Azizi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Compliance ◽

Fibre Intake

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse dietary compliance with WHO/FAO nutritional objectives, identify food subgroups that contribute to discrepancies between dietary intakes and recommendations, and assess food patterns and risk factor profiles at common nutritional targets.DesignThe study was a population-based, cross-sectional assessment of the dietary patterns of Tehranian adults. Usual dietary intake was assessed in relation to common nutritional targets of public health (fat, saturated fat, dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables) using a validated FFQ. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors were diagnosed based on the Iranian-modified diagnostic criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.SettingThe Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2005–2008).SubjectsA total of 2510 individuals (1121 men and 1389 women), aged between 19 and 70 years.ResultsGenerally, 68·5 % of total grain ounce-equivalents were derived from refined grains, with rice making up 36·6 % of all grains consumed. Solid fat (61·1 %) contributed more to discretionary energy than did added sugars (38·9 %). There was a twofold difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between the lowest and highest quartile categories of dietary fibre intake. The probability of having MetS was significantly lower in the highest quartile of fibre intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·69, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·84 v. OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·80, 1·03; P -trend < 0·001), whereas it was higher in the highest quartile of SFA intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·78, 0·98 v. OR = 0·71, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·89; P-trend = 0·01).ConclusionsComplying with common nutritional targets of public health is inversely associated with MetS risk factors in Tehranian adults. These results may initiate measures for future development of regional food-based dietary guidelines.

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Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Undergraduate Students of Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

10.46715/jfsn2020.10.1000109 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Janet AgyarkwaaOti ◽

Guy Eshun

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The University

Even though empirical evidence exists to validate the avowal that dietary habits hold the key in reducing the surge in non-communicable diseases among adolescents and young adults and for optimal nutritional status, little is known about the nexus of these variables in the Ghanaian context and much less in Ghanaian universities. In view of this dearth in literature, this study investigated dietary habits and its effect on nutritional status among undergraduate students of the Winneba Campus of University of Education, Winneba. Using the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) as the theoretical basis, this study adopted the cross-sectional descriptive survey research design with the quantitative approach where proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 3,065 students for the study. The assessment of nutritional status was done where height and weight were measured in Kg/m2and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization. Data on the dietary habits was collected with a closed-ended questionnaire which was analyzed using both descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation as well as inferential statistics such as multiple regression.The study discovered that undergraduate students of the University of Education, Winneba, were of normal weight than overweight and underweight while obesity was ranked the least. The study further revealed that even though students moderately consumed fish, meat, eggs and dairy products legumes and nuts, they had a low intake of fruits and vegetables, but high consumption of energy-dense foods and fast foods such as cakes, pastries, cookies, deep-fried foods, biscuits, sandwiches, indomie and of soft drinks. It was further established that majority of the students skipped meals notably breakfast. Besides, the study showed that all the dietary habits outlined in the study collectively contributed significantly to students’ nutritional status. Therefore, it is recommended that the University through its health directorate and the Department of Food and Nutrition should regularly organize health talks and symposiums to admonish students on the dangers of not observing optimal dietary habits. Additionally, the University through its Academic Board should introduce a general course on nutrition education to equip students with current theories in dietary practices for improved dietary habits.

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Low Healthy Eating Index-2015 Is Associated With Sarcopenia Among US Adult Population

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 395-395

Author(s):

Galya Bigman ◽

Alice Ryan

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Adult Population ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Average Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Research Education ◽

The U.S

Abstract Objectives The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), which is designed to reflect the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), and its association with muscle function decline (i.e., sarcopenia) is less known in the U.S. Our study aim was to examine the associations between HEI-2015 component and total scores with sarcopenia in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011–2014. Sarcopenia was assessed by handgrip strength measure using an average score of six trails (<35.5kg for males, <20.0kg for females). HEI-2015 was computed from data of two 24-hour dietary recalls and comprised 13 components (e.g., vegetables, greens and beans, fruits, dairy, protein foods, whole grains, fatty acid ratio, refined grains, sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars). Each component was scored on density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total score divided into quintiles. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aim while controlling for associated covariates: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, comorbidity, medication use, smoking status, and alcohol use. Results The sample included 9006 eligible participants aged 20–80 years, of those, 14.4% had sarcopenia, where males had higher sarcopenia prevalence than females (18.4 vs. 10.7%, P < 0.001), and participants with sarcopenia were older (p < 0.001). Scores for HEI-2015 were total: 54.2 ± 13.6 (mean ± SD), and in the lowest and highest quintiles: 35.9 ± 4.8 and 73.9 ± 5.95, respectively. In the multivariable model, participants in the highest HEI-2015 quintile had 28% lower odds of having sarcopenia (Odds Ratio(OR) = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.55–0.94) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Among the HEI-2015 components; consuming adequate amount of protein foods, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits reduced the odd of having sarcopenia by 18–23%. Conclusions The findings suggest that higher compliance to the 2015–2020 DGA might reduce sarcopenia among U.S. adults, particularly adequate intakes of protein foods, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits. Funding Sources Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Advanced Special Fellowship in Geriatrics, Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center.

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Abstract P216: Prevalence of Life’s Simple Seven Cardiovascular Health Metrics in the Million Veteran Program

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Xuan-Mai T Nguyen ◽

Rachel M Quaden ◽

Rebecca J Song ◽

Yuk-Lam Ho ◽

Kelly Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽

Us Veterans

Background: While previous studies have reported the prevalence of Life’s Simple Seven (LSS) in the general population, no data exist in a national sample of US veterans. Objective: To assess the prevalence of ideal LSS in a cross-sectional study of 500,000 US Veterans participating in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) from 2011-2016. Methods: We assigned one of three possible values (0=poor, 1=intermediate, 2=ideal) for each of the seven LSS metrics (adiposity /BMI), smoking status, total cholesterol, blood pressure, plasma glucose, diet, physical activity) at baseline using self-reported data and electronic health records. A total score of 0 across all seven metrics indicated overall poor cardiovascular health and a score of 14 indicated ideal cardiovascular health. Results: Complete data on all LSS factors were available for 171,146 Veterans (92% men and mean age 65.5yrs ±11.5 SD). Average LSS score was 6.1 ±1.9. Ideal BMI, smoking status, total cholesterol, blood pressure and plasma glucose (fasting and non-fasting) was present in 23.8%, 30%, 22.2%, 22.5% and 42.9%, respectively, in the study population (Fig). Prevalence of ideal diet was 0.4%. Among dietary factors, recommendation for fruits and vegetables (at least 4.5cups/day) was the least likely to be achieved. Physical activity at the workplace, home or at leisure was reported among 25.6% of Veterans (21.8% intermediate and 3.8% ideal physical activity). Conclusions: Our data show a low prevalence of ideal LSS among Veterans in the MVP, especially diet (0.4%) and physical activity (3.8%). Compared to NHANES 2005-2006 unadjusted prevalence estimates for AHA 2020 goals, Veterans in MVP have a lower prevalence of all ideal LSS metrics except for diet: BMI (23.8 vs 33%), physical activity (3.8 vs 45%), smoking status (30 vs 73%), total cholesterol (22.2 vs 45%) blood pressure (22.5 vs 42%) and glucose (42.9 vs 58%). These findings underscore the need to improve adherence to modifiable lifestyle factors with subsequent reduction in CVD burden among Veterans.

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