Private Sector Housing in Ghana: Some of the Legal Aspects of State Control since 1982

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
K. Oteng Kufuor

This article examines the use of the law by the state to achieve its aim of social justice. It focuses on how, through a series of laws, the state has endeavoured to regulate private sector residential rents at the lower end of the market (up to a ceiling of 1,000.00 cedis) and the occupation of residential accommodation. An analysis is thus given of the nature of the laws in question as well as the institutions and organs of the state that were either set up, or had the scope of their powers broadened, in pursuance of the state's objectives.On 31 December, 1981 a military junta, the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) assumed power in Ghana. It had as one of the cornerstones of its political agenda the establishment of “true democracy” for all Ghanaians who, according to the new rulers, had been denied this right by previous civilian and military regimes. As a consequence, the PNDC enacted Law 42 which encapsulated in part the Directive Principles of State Policy (hereinafter the Directive Principles).

Author(s):  
Tetiana Nikolaienko ◽  

. The article is devoted to the privatization of prisons and the provision of commercial services to improve the detention conditions of persons taken into custody in the pre-trial detention centers of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine. These issues have become relevant in modern conditions of experimental projects of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The author of the article has used a comparative approach to define the effectiveness of the implemented projects and the efficiency of public policy in this area. The experience of countries, in which private prisons and the provision of services on a paying basis have proven their effectiveness and gained popularity in the world, has been studied. An analysis of the state policy implementation in this area in such countries as the United States, Norway, France has been accomplished. It showed that paid ser-vices related to the organization of executions, employment of prisoners, the possibility of obtaining certain funds, ensuring health care is carried out exclusively by organizations (corporations), which provide them. Peculiarities of their activity, legal aspects of standardization and possibilities of use in the national space have been investigated. An analysis of a experimental project introduced by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine to provide commercial services to persons taken into custody in pre-trial detention facilities of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine and a project to sell prisons has been carried out. It has been established that for the effectiveness of their implementation it is advisable to take into account the conditions in which the state is, its capabilities, current realities, including the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the probable risks. It has been proposed to consider the provision of commercial services to im-prove the conditions of persons taken into custody in pre-trial detention centers and the privatization of prisons as a multifaceted phenomenon in the context of the state policy of reforming (development) of the penitentiary service. It has been recom-mended to involve the private sector in the state penitentiary system, taking into ac-count the foreign experience, normalize the legal aspects of its activities, optimize the network of existing state-owned enterprises, penitentiary institutions, to ensure the efficiency of their functioning and to provide adequate detention conditions of accused persons (convicts) through effective interaction of the penitentiary service (state) with the private sector and active involvement of local authorities.


Author(s):  
M. V. Oleynik

In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the existing legal mechanisms for the formation of the state system for the prevention and elimination of forest fires, to outline ways to improve state policy in this area. The author presents the results of the analysis of the content of text arrays of normative legal acts regulating the prevention and elimination of forest fires. disaster Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The genesis of legislative acts reflecting the functions of the state to protect the population and territories from emergency situations is carried out. With the help of content analysis, the characteristics of various governing documents in the field under consideration are given. The main key points contained in the analyzed documents are shown. The positive and negative sides, as well as contradictions affecting the functioning of the RSChS and the functional subsystem of the Federal Forestry Agency for the protection of forests from fires and their protection from pests and forest diseases are revealed. The qualitative approach of content analysis allowed us to determine the content of problematic issues that are poorly reflected in regulatory legal documents, or have a logical contradiction when compared with each other. The proposals for improving the state policy in the field of prevention and elimination of forest fires in Russia are substantiated.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-344
Author(s):  
Anzhelika R Sakhipgareeva

This Article is devoted to the theoretical ideas about the features of state control in genomic research and medical applications in the United States of America. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal aspects of the interpretation of genomic research and medical applications in the United States of America, to study the features of the state control of medical applications, as well as companies providing services in the field of genomic research. As a result of the review, the author provides with the information about several features of the state control of the US Food and drug administration (FDA), degree of regulatory intervention in the activities of genetic research companies, identify classification of medical applications apps.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Берникова ◽  
Olga Bernikova

In the article the authors cover a problem of formation of an effective state policy of counteraction to terrorism in the Russian Federation. Political and legal aspects of ensuring the state and public security in modern Russia are characterized. The objective reasons and factors of emergence of terrorism in the modern state are generalized. The main general directions and institutional mechanisms of realization of a state policy of counteraction to terrorism in system of ensuring national security in Russia are revealed.


Author(s):  
Oleksandr Komisarov ◽  
Yuriy Shvets

The article considers the main administrative and legal aspects of the state policy of national security of Ukraine in the field of health care. On this theoretical basis, the current challenges of medical reform are identified and proposals are developed to find the best ways to prevent and optimize them. Under the administrative and legal support of health care, we understand a set of organizational and legal forms and mechanisms to ensure socio-economic, health, anti-epidemic measures carried out by specialized organizations, the purpose of which is to preserve, strengthen and maintain human health, provide professional, high-quality and high-tech medical care to all who need it, as well as ensuring the availability of such care. It is concluded that the state policy of national security of Ukraine in the field of health care is aimed at creating such conditions for the health care system that allow for health education, disease prevention, provide medical care to citizens, conduct scientific research in the field of health care and training of medical and pharmaceutical workers, to maintain and develop the material and technical base of the health care system. Today in Ukraine the directions of the state policy of national security of Ukraine in the field of health care are determined by the European integration directions of our state and the commitments made by Ukraine in connection with the signing in June 2014 of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and The EU, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand. However, the concept of health care reform in terms of its implementation to meet the relevant obligations has significant differences with the constitutional principle of free medical care, and therefore needs further refinement and improvement. It is substantiated that the highlighted topical issues of administrative and legal provision of health care should be taken into account in the implementation of the second stage of medical reform, which started on April 1, 2020. In addition, the experience of preventing and counteracting the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus infection should be an important aspect of health care reform.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Anna Triningsih ◽  
Oly Viana Agustine

Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga yang lahir berdasarkan amandemen UUD 1945 memiliki fungsi sebagai lembaga terakhir penafsir konstitusi atau yang sering disebut sebagai the final interpreter of constitution. Fungsi ini biasanya dilaksanakan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam kewenangannya menguji undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Terhadap frasa, ayat, pasal atau undang-undang yang dianggap tidak jelas atau multitafsir telah dimohonkan untuk diberikan penafsiran sesuai dengan konstitusi. Pun demikian dengan frasa keadilan sosial yang terdapat dalam beberapa undang-undang yang telah diputus Mahkamah Konstitusi. Terdapat 16 (enam belas) putusan dengan 10 (sepuluh) isu konstitusional dalam pengujian undang-undang selama periode 2003–2010 dalam bidang ketenagalistrikan, minyak dan gas bumi, ketenagakerjaan, sistem jaminan sosial nasional, sumber daya air, penanaman modal, pajak penghasilan, pengelolaan wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dan pertambangan mineral dan batu bara. Dari 10 isu konstitusional tersebut, dalam pertimbangan hukumnya Mahkamah lebih sering memilih menggunakan interpretasi gramatikal, interpretasi historis, interpretasi teleologis atau sosilologis dan interpretasi komparatif atau perbandingan. Mahkamah Konstitusi menyatakan bahwa keadilan sosial dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945, mengandung makna “penguasaan negara” artinya negara harus menjadikan penguasaan terhadap cabang produksi yang dikuasainya itu memenuhi tiga hal yang menjadi kepentingan masyarakat: ketersediaan yang cukup, distribusi yang merata, dan terjangkaunya harga bagi orang banyak. Dengan dikuasai oleh negara, keadilan sosial diartikan mencakup makna penguasaan oleh negara dalam luas yang bersumber dan diturunkan dari konsepsi kedaulatan rakyat Indonesia atas segala sumber kekayaan “bumi, air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya”, termasuk pula di dalamnya pengertian kepemilikan publik oleh kolektivitas rakyat atas sumber-sumber kekayaan dimaksud. The Constitutional Court as an institution born based on the amendments to the 1945 Constitution has a function as the final interpreter of constitution. This function is usually carried out by the Constitutional Court in its authority to examine laws against the 1945 Constitution. Regarding phrases, verses, articles or laws that are deemed unclear or multiple interpretations have been requested to be interpreted in accordance with the constitution. Even so with the phrase social justice contained in several laws that have been decided by the Constitutional Court. There are 16 (sixteen) decisions with 10 (ten) constitutional issues in judicial review during the 2003–2010 period in the fields of electricity, oil and gas, employment, national social security systems, water resources, investment, tax income, management of coastal areas and small islands and mining of minerals and coal. Of the 10 constitutional issues, in its legal considerations the Court often chooses to use grammatical interpretations, historical interpretations, teleological or sosilological interpretations and comparative or comparative interpretations. The Constitutional Court stated that social justice in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution, contained the meaning of "state control" means that the state must make control of the controlled branch of production fulfill three things that are in the public interest: adequate availability, equitable distribution and affordability. By being controlled by the state, social justice is interpreted to include the meaning of control by the state in a broad sense that is derived and derived from the conception of the sovereignty of the people of Indonesia over all sources of wealth "earth, water and natural wealth contained in it" the people for the intended sources of wealth.


Author(s):  
I.I. Petrovska

The author analyzes the legal principles of ensuring national safety and its type - information safety in Ukraine. The study reveals the principles of state security policy. The article deals with the implementation of the idea of the unity of Ukraine through the provision of national safety in information activities (in particular regarding the receipt, use, dissemination, transformation, refutation and protection of information, its sufficiency and truthfulness). Separate analysis of the threats to national safety and the issue of informing about the activities of public figures, individual methods of information war. Consequently, the legal acts of Ukraine define the directions of the state policy, public officials, the basic methods of ensuring national safety and its type - information safety. The state policy on national safety is aimed at ensuring state, economic, information, military, foreign policy, ecological safety, cyber safety of Ukraine on the basis of implementation of relevant strategies, legal acts of the information sphere. For law enforcement activities in the field of information safety is carried out democratic civilian control (which is a kind of public control).  


2006 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Olena V. Katunina

During the Second World War, two new government bodies were established in the Soviet Union to deal with religious communities: on September 14, 1943, the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church was formed, and on May 19, 1944, the Council for Religious Cults. Their formation was linked to the liberalization of Stalin's policy on the church, which supported the state in its fight against fascism. The creation of two independent structures was also due to the fact that the communist regime paid special attention to cooperation with the leadership of the Orthodox Church, whose leaders not only raised funds for the needs of the front, but also were leaders of Stalin's political line, both within the state and in the its borders. In order to coordinate these activities more effectively, a Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church was set up, headed by intelligence officers. In recent years, a large number of ground works have been published, which analyze the issues of interaction between the Orthodox Church and the state during the years of Soviet power. N.Hordienko, Yu.Katunin, M.Korzun, V.Paschenko, D.Pospelovsky, V.Tsipin and many other Ukrainian and foreign authors dealt with these issues.


Author(s):  
Emilia Anna Zimnica-Kuzioła

<p>Artykuł  dotyczy  organizacji życia teatralnego w Polsce po roku 1989.  W okresie transformacji ustrojowej nastąpiły zmiany w zakresie funkcjonowania instytucji kultury, w tym i teatrów. Polityka państwa określana jest przez pojęcia decentralizacji czy dewolucji (odejście od monopolu państwowego, przekazywanie instytucji kultury władzom gminnym i samorządom wojewódzkim) i deregulacji (proces odchodzenia od kontroli państwa, ideologiczna niezależność instytucji kultury). Publiczne teatry w Polsce  reprezentują model teatru repertuarowego, którego podstawą jest stały zespół aktorski. Wzrasta jednak liczba teatrów niepublicznych (teatry <em>non-profit</em>, zarejestrowane jako stowarzyszenia lub fundacje, nie nastawione na zysk i teatry komercyjne).</p><strong>Theater Policy in Poland after the Political-System Transformation</strong><p>SUMMARY</p><p>The article discusses the organization of theatrical life in Poland after 1989. During the political-system transformation there were changes in the operation of cultural institutions, including theaters The State policy is defined by the concepts of decentralization or devolution (departure from State monopoly, handing over of cultural institutions to gmina [commune] authorities or provincial self-governments) and deregulation (the process of departing from State control, ideological independence of cultural institutions ). Public theaters in Poland represent the model of repertory theater based on a permanent team of actors. However, the number of non-public theaters is growing (non-profit theaters registered as associations or foundations, and commercial theaters).</p>


Author(s):  
Anna D. Scherbakova

The article analyses the stages of consolidating the peripheral position of indigenous peoples among the State priorities of the Argentine Republic, aimed at consolidating the state and creating a national identity. It was shown that during the colonial period their integration and assimilation into socio-economic and political processes were limited both by the communities themselves and by the colonial authorities. Since Argentina’s independence, the territories of the traditional residence of autochthonous groups became the object of state policy and are consistently excluded from the national political agenda. A wide arsenal of means is used – from equipping military expeditions to launching ideological and propaganda campaigns in the country and beyond.


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