Voluntary intake and nutrient digestibility of low-grade roughage by ruminants

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Sharma ◽  
N. K. Rajora
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYFour young females of four ruminant species, namely cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat, were fed, in chopped form, a mixture of species of dry grass (Apluda aristata and Themada quadvivalvis; 3·85% crude protein) during a 28-day experimental period. Voluntary intake of grass was determined during the last 10 days and digestibility of feed nutrients during the last 6 days.The digestibility coefficients of dry matter (D.M.) and crude fibre were higher for goats than other species, of organic matter, crude protein (CP) and ether extract were higher for goats and sheep than cows and buffaloes and of nitrogen-free extract higher for goats than cows and buffaloes and for sheep and buffaloes than cows. The daily intake of D.M., digestible CP and total digestible nutrients (TDN) is discussed in relation to body weight (BW) and kg W0·75.Dry grass fed with mineral and vitamin supplement was adequate to sustain the body weights of buffaloes and goats but not of cows and sheep. Buffaloes utilized the dry grass better than other species as is evident from the highest feed and TDN intakes and marginal gain in weight.

Utilization of berseem hay by ruminants

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Sharma ◽  
P. C. Murdia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Buffalo Cow

SUMMARYFour young females of four ruminant species, namely cow, buffalo, sheep and goat were used to study the utilization of sun-cured berseem hay (20·6% CP) fed in long form during a 28-day experimental period. Voluntary intake of hay was estimated during the last 10 days and digestibility of feed nutrients and nitrogen balance during the last 6 days.The digestibility coefficients of dry matter (D.M.), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract were higher for sheep and goat than for cow and buffalo but such differences were significant for D.M., OM and CP only. The daily D.M. intake was 3·56, 3·17, 0·92 and 0·63 kg/animal and 82·5, 81·2, 70·4 and 65·1 g/kg W0.75 in buffalo, cow, sheep and goat, respectively, but intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) relative to metabolic body size was similar for all species.Buffalo was superior to the other three species and cow to sheep and goat in ability to retain nitrogen. Berseem hay fed ad libitum supported a daily gain of 742, 500, 71 and 31 g in young female buffaloes, cows, sheep and goats, respectively. Digestible CP values of 13·33, 13·47, 15·38 and 15·01% and TDN values of 59·8, 57·6, 70·4 and 77·6% were obtained for cow, buffalo, sheep and goat, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of lucerne and meadow hay quality on the digestibility of nutrients in the roe deer

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sommer ◽  
M. Vodňanský ◽  
P. Petrikovič ◽  
R. Požgaj
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

It was confirmed in metabolic experiments with 4 individuals of roe deer (2 males and 2 females with the live weight of 20.8 and 17.9 kg, respectively) that due to the animals’ selective choice of a part of feeds there was no significant difference in the intake of lucerne hay of different quality and high-quality meadow hay (515.86 ± 66.97 and 597.82 ± 94.87 g, respectively). However, different quality of lucerne hay influenced the animals’ intake of crude protein and crude fibre. When the animals were fed meadow hay, they took in significantly less crude protein and fibre and significantly more nitrogen-free extract, fat and ash. Digestibility of crude protein was observed to be significantly decreased in hay of lower quality (by 10.1%). Digestibility coefficients for crude protein, crude fibre, organic matter and fat were significantly lower in grass hay compared to lucerne hay. Based on the coefficients of nutrient digestibility it can be stated that meadow hay, even if of excellent quality, is not a suitable supplement for the roe deer.  

scholarly journals PSVI-23 Evaluation of graded levels of Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30, 6086) on apparent nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and intestinal health indicators in healthy adult dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Heather L Acuff ◽  
Charles G Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract Functional pet foods, such as those containing probiotics, are considered a key growth driver in the $37 billion market of dog and cat foods in the United States. Of particular interest to pet food applications is the patented bacterial strain Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30, 6086), a commercially available spore-forming non-toxigenic microorganism with high resiliency to stresses associated with commercial manufacturing. The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of Bacillus coagulans on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health markers in healthy dogs. High-protein, grain-free extruded diets containing graded levels of probiotic applied through extrusion or as a topical coating were fed to ten adult Beagle dogs of similar age. The study was designed as 5 x 5 replicated Latin square with 16-d adaptation followed by 5-d total fecal collection for each period. The five dietary treatments were formulated to deliver a dose of 0-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per dog per day. Data were analyzed using a mixed model through SAS (version 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment and period as fixed effects and dog as random effect. Apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy were greatest for dogs fed the 9-log10 dose treatment (85.8, 83.6, 91.7, 84.0%, respectively), with increases (P < 0.05) observed in gross energy and organic matter digestibility compared to the negative control. Crude protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to increase as probiotic dose increased. No significant differences were observed in food intake, stool quality, fecal pH, fecal ammonia, or fecal short chain fatty acids. These results suggest that Bacillus coagulans has a favorable impact on nutrient digestibility and no apparent adverse effects when added to extruded diets at a daily intake level of up to 9-log10 CFU in healthy adult dogs.

Pasture productivity in Nigeria: II. Voluntary intake and herbage digestibility

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
F. O. Olubajo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

SUMMARYThe organic-matter intake and the digestibility of grazed tropical pasture mixtures were assessed by the chromic oxide-faecal organic matter-nitrogen technique in five digestion trials. The pasture treatments were designated as: H, Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus in a mixture with the legumes Centrosema pubescens and Stylosanthes gracilis; J, Pennisetum purpureum in a mixture with the two legumes in H; K, treatment J plus Panicum maximum; L, a mixture of all the grass and legume species in treatments H, J and K.The mean organic-matter digestibility of the herbages was determined in indoor digestion trials during the experimental period and varied from approximately 60·0 ± 1·73% to 62·7 ± 4·18% in treatments K and H respectively, with treatments J and L falling between these two values. The mean digestibility of the herbage as grazed, however, was approximately 66·8 ± 1·72, 69·7 ±7·68, 67·1 ± 4·40 and 67·4 ± 4·15 % for treatments, H, J, K and L respectively.The estimated mean intake of organic matter was somewhat lower, while that of the digestible organic matter was appreciably lower than those reported for animals of corresponding live weights in temperate countries. Grazed pastures were better digested by 4·1 digestibility units in treatment H, by 7·1 in both J and K, and by 5·3 units in L, compared with the indoor digestion trials.More intensive studies are still needed to warrant any justifiable conclusion as to whether the low intake of herbage by tropical cattle is due primarily to the high crude fibre and the low nutritional values of the pastures, or to the inherent capacity of the animals conditioned to grazing poor·quality pastures.

The effects of urea supplements on the utilization of straw plus molasses diets by sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Coombe ◽  
DE Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Food Intake Rate

Three experiments with sheep were carried out to investigate the effect of urea, added to a diet of straw plus molasses, on roughage intake and digestion, and on the nitrogen status of the animal. Urea, added to straw and molasses at the level of 3% of the amount of straw, increased the ad libitum food intake, rate of cellulose (cotton thread) digestion in the rumen, and rate of passage of food through the gut. When different amounts of urea were fed, the highest levels of intake, rate of cellulose digestion, and rate of passage occurred with 8–16 g urea per sheep per day. Increasing the amount of urea fed to 32 g per day caused significant decreases in rate of passage and intake, within diets containing urea. These were not accompanied by significant changes in rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. With diets of straw and molasses, with and without urea, crude fibre digestibility was positively correlated with the rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. Voluntary intake of these diets was positively correlated with rate of passage. When the effect of rate of passage was eliminated, voluntary intake was not significantly correlated with the rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. Under the feeding conditions used in these experiments, once sufficient urea had been added to the diet to bring the animal into a small, positive nitrogen balance, additional dietary nitrogen supplied as urea was practically all excreted in the urine. It is concluded that, under these feeding conditions, the primary function of a urea supplement is to enable an animal to maintain nitrogen equilibrium rather than store significant amounts of nitrogen in the body.

557. Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: IV. The effect of variations in the intake of digestible nutrients

1954 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
V. W. Johnson ◽  
S. J. Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

1. Digestibility trials were conducted, and the rate of passage of hay was measured, with five Shorthorn cows during a period of normal diet and during two experimental periods in which diets low in hay and high in concentrates were given. In the first experimental period the concentrates were cubes of the wartime type sold as National Cattle Food No. 1, and containing a variety of constituents; in the second they were a mixture offlakedmaize (50%), weatings (35%) and decorticated ground-nut cake (15%). For convenience these are referred to as concentrate ‘cubes’ and ‘mixture’ respectively.2. During the initial and final control periods the cows consumed daily 17–21 lb. hay, and about 4·5 lb. concentrates per 10 lb. of milk produced. In the initial control period the concentrates were the concentrate cubes, and in the final they were the concentrate mixture. The hay was reduced to 4 lb. daily during the two experimental periods and the remainder of the standard requirements of the animals were met by concentrates. The concentrates were the cubes in the first experimental period and the mixture in the second experimental period.3. Seducing the hay to 4 lb. did not affect the fat content of the milk when the other food in the diet was the concentrate cubes, but there was a striking mean fall of 1·04% fat when the cubes were replaced by the concentrate mixture. This represented a loss of over 30% in the yield of fat.4. Digestibility trials, conducted in the initial control and first and second experimental periods, indicated that the fall in milk fat content was not the result of changes in the amounts of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, cellulose, cellulosans or pentosans not in cellulose digested. The essential difference between the diet of low hay with the concentrate mixture and the other diets given in this experiment was that it provided a high intake of starch yet had little of the physical property of roughage. It is concluded that depression of milk fat content results from a combination of these two factors and probably originates from changes in the physical and biochemical processes of the reticulo-rumen.5. The intake of starch equivalent, as calculated from the intake of digestible nutrients, was close to standard requirements in all periods of the experiments, but there was a surplus of digestible crude protein.6. The mean solids-not-fat content of the milk rose 0·48% at the time of the fall in milk fat, and this was entirely due to an increase in milk protein. After the return to normal diets the recovery of solids-not-fat was slower, but no less complete, than the recovery in milk fat.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and digestibility of Rabbit does fed varying levels of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
L. O. Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Growth Requirement

Nulliparous crossbred does were used to study the effects of concentrate:lablab ratio (CL) and stage of pregnancy on nutrient intake and digestibility. Treatments consisted of four concentrate and lablab combinations on a gram:gram basis: 20:130, 40: 110, 80:70 and 100:50 and two stages of pregnancy: second and fourth week of pregnancy Concentrate intake increased as level increased up to 80g/day offered while lablab intake increased from 50 to 130g/day offered. Doe weight and metabolic size were similar for all treatments. Total feed intake was not affected by concentrate and lablab levels. Dry matter intake was lower for 100:50 CL than other treatments. Ether extract and crude fibre intakes decreased with increase in concentrate levels. Dry matter and nitrogen free extract digestibility were higher for 80:70 CL than other combinations. Crude fibre digestibility was higher for 80:70 than 40:110 and 100:50 CL Crude protein retention was higher for 80:70 than 20:130 and 100:50 CL. Fetal growth requirement, total protein requirement and balance of protein were high at 80:70 and 100:50 CL. During pregnancy, dry matter and all nutrients intake were higher in the second than fourth week. Ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were lower in the second than fourth week of pregnancy. Fetal growth requirement and balance of protein were higher in the second than fourth week of pregnancy relationship between feed intake (g DM/day) and nutrient digestibility was negative. The relationship between feed intake (g DM/kg body weight/day) and feed intake (g DM/kg LW0.75/day) was however, positive for all the nutrients except crude protein. For the small scale rabbit producer in developing countries, it is feasible to maintain rabbits on combinations of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

scholarly journals Composition of Two Local Cassava Varieties and the Effect of Processing on their Hydrocyanic Acid Content and Nutrient Digestibility by the Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O.O. Tewe ◽  
T. A. Job ◽  
J. K. Loosli ◽  
E. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Bitter Cassava ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Two common Nigerian cassava varieties Were subjected to proximate analysis with a view to assessing the relative potential nutrient composition of the roots, stems, leaves and seeds. The results obtained showed that the leaves, seeds and stems in that order are much richer than the roots in protein but higher in crude fibre. There was a relationship between the crude protein contents of the roots and stem and the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content of the plant while that of the leaves and seeds did not appear to follow the same trend. HCN of the bitter cassava variety was considerably higher in the whole tuber, pulp and peel than in the sweet strain, sundrying and ensiling resulted in appreciable losses of HCN. Grated root lost about half its HCN content within six hours while stored whole roots showed a rapid decline in HCN from the fifth day after harvest. Apparent digestibility coefficients (A.D.C.) of the major nutrients of cassava roots were not significantly (P <0.05) affected by the processes of boiling or sundrying.

scholarly journals Utilization of Bovine Blood-Rumen Digesta Mixture as Replacement for Soybean Meal and Groundnut Cake Feedstuff in Growing Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
S. O. Odukoya ◽  
A. A. Saka ◽  
O. Y. Adedeji ◽  
A. O. Akingbade ◽  
T. I. Ijadunola
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Mixture of bovine blood and rumen digesta (BBRDM) was evaluated for 56 days as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) and groundnut cake (GNC) at 100% on protein to protein basis in the diets of growing pigs to assess the nutritive value of BBRDM on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cost benefits. Hence, a total of 18 growing pigs were allotted on weight equalization basis into three dietary treatments consisting of six pigs per treatment in a completely randomized design. Three diets were formulated such that T : served as the control diet without BBRDM but contained both soybean meal and 1 groundnut cake. T : BBRDM replaced soybean meal and T : BBRDM replaced groundnut 2 3 cake. Result indicated that BBRDM contained 28.65% crude protein, 13.17% ether extract, 5.26% crude fibre, 11.29% ash and 31.65% nitrogen free extract. Dietary treatments did not significantly (P>0.05) influenced the growth parameters observed in this study. Although there were no significant (P>0.05) difference on the nutrient digestibility parameters investigated but birds in T recorded highest numerical values for crude protein (77.23), 3 crude fibre (62.46%), ether extract (92.33%), nitrogen free extract (89.61%), ash (70.28%) and nutrient dry matter (91.67%) while the least values were obtained from birds in T . Cost 1 of feed decreased with the inclusion of BBRDM while the cost per weight gain also improved with the replacement of the conventional feed ingredients. The result also showed that an appreciable amount of money was saved when BBRDM was included in the ration of growing pigs. It is therefore concluded that BBRDM could be used as an animal protein source to compliment plant protein source such as soybean meal and groundnut cake in the diet of growing pigs.

scholarly journals Distillers feeds from various grains as protein sources for pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Cellulase Treatment ◽  
By Products

The nutrient digestibility and protein utilization of distillery feeds derived from dehulled barley, rye and wheat were studied with growing pigs receiving one of eleven diets in which the protein sources were BDDGS, RDDGS, WDDGS, BDDG, BDS or SBM. In a second trial BDDGS and BDDG were compared with the same feeds treated prior to cooking with cellulase enzyme. The diets, consisting of barley and distillers feed, were fortified with L-lysine and DL-methionine to achieve levels of 13.0 % DCP, 0.80 % lysine and 0.56 % S amino acids. The distillery by-products contained crude protein 24.8—41.5 %, crude fat 6.3—9.5 %, crude fibre 7.1 10.3 %, ADF 18.2—22.9%, NDF 33.3—43.7 % and ADL 8.7—11.3 % on a dry basis. Their lysine content was 0.43—1.36 % of DM and their S amino acid content 0.58—1.36 %. The digestibilities of organic matter and crude protein were 56—83 and 56—79 %. DDGS from rye had low digestibilities and barley distillers solubles high. The cellulase treatment decreased the OM and CP digestibilities by 6.4—10.4 and 15.3—15.4 % units, respectively. FU/kg DM varied from 0.63 to 0.84 and DCP from 177 to 405 g/FU. The N retention of the BDDGS, RDDGS, WDDGS, BDDG, BDS and SBM diets was, respectively, 21.7, 21.1, 24.2, 23.0, 17.7 and 24.6 g/d (P < 0.01) and the biological values were 55, 60, 59, 56, 55 and 66. The daily gains varied from 700 to 762 g. The data indicated that distillery by-products could replace soybean meal quite satisfactorily as a protein source in amino acid-fortified diets.

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