Productive and adaptive trait differences of Simmental, Hereford and Africander × Hereford cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Burns ◽  
J. E. Vercoe ◽  
C. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Adaptive Trait ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Heat Loads

SummaryAdaptive and productive traits were studied in three genotypes of cattle, Simmental (≥ 7/8 Simmental with residual Hereford) (S), Hereford (H) and F2et seq. Africander × Hereford (AH), selected from the 1985 and the 1986 branded steer groups (Years 1 and 2, respectively) fed low- and high-quality diets.There were significant (P < 0·01) differences between years, breeds and diets for the two groups for live weights at the beginning and end of the feeding period, voluntary feed intake and fasting heat production. However, there was no breed × year interaction except in heat production per unit live weight because the AH had a higher heat production per kg than the H in Year 1 but lower in Year 2. Significantly lower values for feed intake (P < 0·01) and heat production (P <0·01) were recorded for S relative to AH and H when expressed on a live-weight basis; however, the ratio of intake to heat production was similar for all breeds.The S breed had the heaviest birth weights and highest pre-weaning weight gains (P < 0·01) and the AH, despite having birth weights similar to that of the H, had higher pre-weaning live-weight gains (P < 0·01). There were significant (P < 0·01) breed differences for adaptive traits (except for the estimate of helminth resistance), with the AH being more tick- and heat-resistant and having sleeker coats than the other breeds.There were no significant correlations between any adaptive trait and pre-weaning gain despite the fact that ticks, helminths and heat loads were evident.This experiment shows that provided a low plane of nutrition is the only stress imposed on growing cattle, breeds such as the S will perform similarly to British breeds and may perform slightly better.

Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. II. The effect of two levels of crude fibre in the diet on the intake and performance of fattening pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Fattening Pigs

1. Voluntary feed intake, performance and carcass quality were studied with 20 individually housed pigs given isocaloric diets (2,770 kcal/kg. DM) containing either 8·9 % or 12·9 % crude fibre in the dry matter over the period of growth from 45 to 91 kg. live-weight.2. There were no significant differences between diets in voluntary feed intake, rate of gain or carcass quality.3. Apparent digestibility coefficients and rates of passage of the diets were determined in eight castrated male pigs. Rates of passage were not significantly affected by diet or live-weight when determined at 57 and 82 kg. live-weight.

scholarly journals Whole-grain cereal voluntary intake and preference in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e0603
Author(s):  
Pedro González-Redondo ◽  
Francisco P. Caravaca ◽  
Alberto García-Ávarez ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Positive Correlations

Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) usually fed on ground or pelleted balanced feeds, while whole grains are supplied in alternative systems. Voluntary intake and preference of four whole-grain cereals (durum wheat, bread wheat, triticale and barley) were assessed in Japanese quails. Two experiments were performed: (i) a trial with five batches of six randomly selected quails (three males, three females) allocated to each treatment consisting of one cereal or a balanced feed (control) in the voluntary intake experiment; and (ii) a trial with four bird batches receiving simultaneously the four cereals in the preference experiment. Three repetitions of each trial were performed. When feedstuffs were provided as a sole feed, voluntary feed intake differed, being the highest in quails fed the balanced feed (20.0 g/d), intermediate for durum wheat (15.0 g/d), bread wheat (15.8 g/d) or triticale (15.6 g/d), and the lowest for barley (12.1 g/d). Voluntary intake did not differ between sexes. Positive correlations existed between voluntary feed intake and live weight of quails, being the highest and very strong for the balanced feed, moderate for durum and bread wheat and barley, and weak for triticale. The preference trial showed that quails preferred durum wheat (7.1 g/d), triticale (4.0 g/d), bread wheat (3.0 g/d) and barley (0.3 g/d) in descending order, independently of sex. Positive correlations existed between daily feed intake and live weight of birds for durum and bread wheat. Strong positive correlation existed between bird live weight and total intake when the four cereals were available simultaneously. Differences in voluntary intake and preference among whole-grain cereals should be take into account when used to feed quails.

scholarly journals PSX-31 Effects of substitution of corn and soybean meal with dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) in legume based diets on lamb feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 455-456
Author(s):  
Kianna E Lyte ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

Abstract In the United States, bioethanol is generated from corn and biodiesel from soybean oil to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Ethanol production generates DDGS, high in bypass protein and soluble carbohydrates, which can be used as a cheaper alternative replacement for corn and soybean. This experiment was conducted to evaluate voluntary feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites of lambs fed legume-based diets supplemented with corn and soybean meal or dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Animals were individually housed in pens (1.52 mx 1.52 m) under a modified carport shed with woodchips as bedding. They were stratified into four groups (n = 9) with similar weights and standard deviation and randomly assigned to four treatments. The lambs were fed ground sericea hay (SL) or alfalfa meal (ALF) with either corn and soybean meal (control) or DDGS for 60 days. Treatments were SLC, SLDDGS, ALFC and AFLDDGS. The lambs were fed ad libitum based on their selected treatment and given water daily. At the end of the 60 days, weights and blood samples were collected. Plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were analyzed using Proc Mix Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that replacing corn with DDGS did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect voluntary feed intake, final live weight and carcass weight. Blood NEFA and glucose were not affected by dietary treatments. BUN increased in lambs fed alfalfa with corn and soybean meal compared to animals fed either legume supplemented with DDGS. Similarly animals fed sericea have lower (P &lt; 0.05) BUN (19 vs 23 mg/dL) when corn and soybean meal were replaced with DDGS. DDGS can be used in legume diets for growing lambs in replacement for corn and soybean meal.

The effect of age and live-weight on the feed intake of grazing wether sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hadjipieris ◽  
G. W. Jones ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Clover Pasture

SUMMARY1. Estimates of the voluntary feed intake of three age groups of wether sheep on ryegrass and white clover pasture from July to October, 1962, were made by total collection of faeces and the use of local faecal nitrogen-digestibility regressions.2. Average faecal output and intake of digestible organic matter (DOM) increased with age of the sheep. However, relative to body weight (W) or to W073, the aged sheep (5 years old), which did not change much in weight over the period, consumed only about two-thirds of the DOM consumed by the younger (sixteen- and four-month-old) growing sheep.3. For the growing sheep intake was directly related to weight. Intake was calculated to be 24 W (kg.)–28 ±108 g. DOM per day.4. The results are discussed in relation to the errors in estimation of digestibility. Comparison of the intake estimates with other published data suggests there was a high apparent maintenance requirement. The voluntary feed intakes observed, when expressed as g. dry matter per kg. W0–73, were somewhat higher for young sheep but lower for aged sheep than estimates of previous authors.

scholarly journals Effects of subcutaneous melatonin implants during long daylength on voluntary feed intake, rumen capacity and heart rate of red deer (Cervus elaphus) fed on a forage diet

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Françoise Domingue ◽  
P. R. Wilson ◽  
D. W. Dellow ◽  
T. N. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Subcutaneous melatonin implants were administered to castrated hand-reared male red deer (Cervus elaphus) during a 63 d period in spring, after which effects on voluntary feed intake (VFI), rumen pool size, rumen capacity (i.e. volume) and heart rate were measured on four occasions, evenly spread over a 12-month period, with the deer individually fed indoors on a diet of lucerne (Medicago sativa) chaff. Blood samples for hormone determinations were taken at intervals throughout the study. Day-time plasma melatonin concentration was approximately 5 pg/ml in control animals, whereas during melatonin administration it increased to 60–150 pg/ml and declined to 30 pg/ml by 142 d after the last implantation. Melatonin administration markedly depressed plasma prolactin concentration during the period of implantation, but thereafter plasma prolactin concentration rose in the treated animals during autumn and winter, whilst it declined in control animals over this period. VFI, rumen pool size and heart rate in control animals attained highest values in summer and lowest values in winter, showing a pronounced seasonal cycle. Melatonin administration depressed all these values in late spring and summer and increased all the values in autumn and winter, relative to control animals, and appeared to move the cycles by approximately 6 months. Melatonin-treated animals showed maximum values for all these measurements during winter. The castrated male deer showed little seasonal change in live weight, which was not affected by melatonin administration. The findings support the view that melatonin probably mediates the effect of daylength on digestive function in red deer. Rumen capacity remained relatively constant throughout the year, but rumen pool size as a proportion of rumen capacity increased with increasing VFI.

scholarly journals Voluntary food intake of growing pigs given diets containing rapeseed meal, from different types and varieties of rape, as the only protein supplement

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline A. Lee ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

1. The voluntary food intake, during 30 min periods after morning and afternoon feeds and during 24 h, by growing pigs given diets containing rapeseed meal (Rsm) or soya-bean meal (Sbm) as the only protein supplement was determined. One diet was offered at a time and a daily changeover sequence of feeding was followed.2. Four rapeseed meals were compared, one from seeds of British-grown winter Brassica napus varieties (Brsm) and the others from seeds of the var7ieties Tower (Trsm), Erglu (Ersm) and Span (Srsm). The effects on feed intake of adding flavouring substances to the Brsm diet were also determined. The flavouring substances were molassine meal, sucrose and four commercially-available substances: P, pig nectar; H, hog nectar; S, sow nectar and A, apple.3. Intake of the Brsm diet was significantly less than those of the Sbm, Trsm and Ersm diets.4. Addition to the Brsm diet of molassine meal or sucrose at 50 or 100 g/kg did not improve voluntary feed intake. None of the commercial flavouring substances raised the intake of the Brsm diet to the level of the Sbm diet but they improved intake of the Brsmdiet to varying extents. Flavourings H, S and A gave similar improvements which were substantial.5. The Sbm, Brsm and Trsm diets were each fed ad. lib. to groups of growing pigs continuously for 4 weeks. Weekly feed intakes and weight gains were determined. Feed intakes and weight gains followed closely the intake values obtained in the changeover experiments. The highest values were for the Sbm diet; those for the Trsm diet were slightly lower and those for the Brsm diet were substantially and significantly lower.6. The glucosinolate, sinapine and tannin contents of the rapeseed meals were determined and the results suggested that voluntary feed intake of diets containing these meals was related to their glucosinolate content, but not to their sinapine or tannin contents.

scholarly journals Influence of bagasse versus rice straw with oil sources in a total mixed ration on feed intake, digestibility and blood chemistry of crossbred Thai Native x American Brahman cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
I. Amartsana ◽  
N. Prakobsaeng ◽  
W. Polviset
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Brahman Cattle

This study was aimed to analysis the effects of roughage sources and oil sources in a total mixed ration (TMR) on voluntary feed intake, digestibility and blood chemistry. The study was conducted using four crossbred Thai Native X American Brahman cattle, aged 1.5 years old and with a live weight of 177±34 kg, which were trialled by using a 2x2 factorial in 4×4 Latin square design. All cattle received TMR diets supplemented with bagasse and palm oil, bagasse and sunflower oil, rice straw and palm oil, rice straw and sunflower oil. Each period of feeding lasted for 21 days. During the experimental periods, all cattle were fed ad libitum and with a water supply. The results revealed that roughage sources and oil sources did not affect voluntary feed intake, digestibility and blood chemistry. It was concluded from this experiment that using bagasse or rice straw as the roughage sources with palm oil and sunflower oil mixed in the TMR were suitable for use in beef cattle diets, especially using bagasse with palm oil because of the lowest price (0.28 USD/kg) when compared to the other treatments.

Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. 3. The effect of a period of feed restriction, nutrient density of the diet and sex on intake, performance and carcass characteristics

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes ◽  
A. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. Over the weight range 23–50 kg live weight, pigs were fed either ad libitum or to a restricted scale. From 59 to 91 kg live weight, eight pairs of barrows and eight pairs of gilts were fed on each of two diets varying in nutrient density. The effects of feed restriction, nutrient density of the diet and sex on voluntary feed intake, performance and carcass characteristics were studied.2. Pigs which had been restricted grew more slowly and contained less fat and more lean at 50 kg live weight.3. When restricted pigs were offered feed ad libitum from 59 to 91 kg live weight they ate more and had higher daily intakes of digestible energy than pigs liberally fed in early life.4. There was evidence of compensatory growth in pigs which had received the restricted diet, but there was no significant difference in feed utilization between restricted and ad libitum pigs. It was concluded that the compensatory growth was largely the result of increased appetite.5. Pigs finally fed on a low energy diet, in comparison with those on a high energy diet, ate more feed but less digestible energy indicating that appetite was physically limited. Efficiency of conversion of digestible energy to live weight was similar on both treatments. A higher proportion of acetic acid was produced in the caecum of pigs fed the low energy diet. Pigs receiving the low energy diet had lower killing-out percentages not entirely caused by differences in the weight of the gut and its contents. The carcasses of pigs on the low energy diet were leaner than those on the high energy diet.6. Barrows consumed more digestible energy per day than gilts, required more feed and digestible energy per unit live-weight gain, had lower killing-out percentages, shorter carcasses, larger backfat measurements and smaller eye-muscle areas as estimated by A × B measurements. Barrow carcasses contained less dissected lean and more fat than gilts' carcasses.7. The results are discussed in relation to other work and it is concluded that voluntary feed intake is influenced by the nutrient density of the diet and the level of energy requirement of the pig, which may be affected by previous nutritional history.

The grazing feed intake of Hereford and Brahman cross cattle in a cool temperate environment

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Temperate Environment

SUMMARYThe grazing feed intake of four ¾ Brahman and four purebred Hereford steers was measured on four occasions during 12 months while they grazed improved pastures in a cool temperate environment. When pen fed roughage diets, the excretion pattern of chromic oxide and faecal nitrogen–digestibility relationships were also investigated in these animals.There were no breed differences in the relative recovery of Cr2O3 in the faeces when bulking 10.00 and 17.00 h samples nor were there breed differences in the faecal nitrogen–digestibility regression obtained. However, although there were large discrepancies between feed intake and live-weight change when measured in different seasons, the Herefords had the higher feed intake on each occasion while breed differences in live-weight change were non-significant.

Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. I. The effect of digestible energy content of the diet on the intake of castrated male pigs housed in holding pens and in metabolism crates

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
The Difference

1. The voluntary feed intakes of pigs fed on diets having calculated digestible energy contents of 2,970, 3,356, 3,630 and 3,910 kcal/kg. dry matter were measured over four periods from 38 to 105 kg. live-weight.2. The pigs achieved similar daily digestible energy intakes regardless of the digestible energy content of the diet.3. When housed in metabolism crates pigs ate less than when housed in holding pens and the difference was greater than would be expected solely from the reduced exercise of the pigs in crates.4. Daily digestible energy intake was 575 kcal/kg. live-weight 0.675 when the pigs were in holding pens. The daily digestible energy intake of pigs in metabolism crates increased less with live-weight.5. The use of metabolism crates to obtain digestibility coefficients and values for nitrogen retention to be applied to animals housed under other conditions is discussed in relation to the differences found in apparent digestibility coefficients, feed intake and growth rates between pigs in crates and in holding pens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document