The inhibitory action mode of nitrocompounds on in vitro rumen methanogenesis: a comparison of nitroethane, 2-nitroethanol and 2-nitro-1-propanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. W. Zhang ◽  
Y. L. Wang ◽  
W. K. Wang ◽  
Y. H Li ◽  
Z. J. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Action Mode ◽  
Methanogen Population ◽  
Maize Meal

AbstractNitroethane (NE), 2-nitroethanol (NEOH) and 2-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH) were investigated in order to determine their inhibitory effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane (CH4) production of a hay-rich substrate (alfalfa hay: maize meal = 4:1, w/w). The rumen liquor collected from cannulated Holstein dairy cows was incubated at 39 °C for 72 h. The addition of NE, NEOH and NPOH slowed down the fermentation process and notably decreased molar CH4 proportion by 96.8, 96.4 and 35.0%, respectively. The abundance of total methanogen and methanogens from the order Methanobacteriales were all decreased with NE, NEOH and NPOH supplementation. Meanwhile, the nitrocompound addition reduced mcrA gene expression, coenzyme F420 and F430 contents. The correlation analysis showed that CH4 production was correlated positively with the population abundance of total methanogens, Methanobacteriales, mcrA gene expression, coenzyme contents of F420 and F430. The nitrocompound addition decreased acetate concentration and increased propionate and butyrate concentrations in the culture fluid. In summary, both NE and NEOH addition presented nearly the same inhibitory effectiveness on in vitro CH4 production; they were more effective than NPOH. The results of the current study provide evidence that NE, NEOH and NPOH can dramatically decrease methanogen population, mcrA gene expression and the coenzyme content of F420 and F430 in ruminal methanogenesis.

Biochemical reactions involved in pancreatic enzyme secretion. 2. Inhibitory effects of tetracaine and atropine

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Morisset ◽  
A. R. Beaudoin
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Secretion ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Calcium Efflux ◽  
Inhibitory Potency ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme Secretion

Pancreatic enzyme secretion induced by urecholine or cholecystokinin–pancreozymin (CCK–PZ) is inhibited by tetracaine. If the pancreatic tissue is preincubated with tetracaine then washed out, the subsequent response to CCK–PZ is not affected while that to urecholine is impaired. In contrast with atropine, tetracaine loses its inhibitory potency once secretion has been initiated by urecholine before the addition of the local anaesthetic. Calcium efflux studies have shown that addition of tetracaine in vitro is associated with release of calcium in the incubation medium. This effect on calcium efflux might explain partly the inhibitory action of the drug.

scholarly journals Concentrate feeding and ruminal fermentation. 2. Influence of concentrate ingredients on pH and on L-lactate concentration in incubations in vitro with rumen fluid.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
A. Malestein ◽  
A.T. van 't Klooster ◽  
G.H.M. Counotte ◽  
R.A. Prins
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Maize Meal

2. Rumen fluid was sampled before feeding from cows given hay, diluted with an anaerobic salt solution and added (20 ml) to different amounts (mostly 1 g) of maize gluten meal, maize, citrus pulp, tapioca, beet pulp, coconut expeller or soya bean oilmeal for incubation at 39 deg C. After at least 4 h of incubation there were large differences in pH and lactic acid concentration. The acidotic index of the feeds was influenced by increasing concentration of the substrate. Except with maize meal, there was little effect of particle size on pH and lactic acid concentration. There were differences in effect on pH and lactic acid concentration between different batches of the same feeds, especially with maize meal. Incubations with mixtures of concentrate ingredients showed different pH and lactic acid concentrations from values expected from results with the single ingredients. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Research on the Mechanism of Asiaticoside Inhibiting Osteoclast Differentiation and Promoting the Recovery of Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (SIONFH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1606-1611
Author(s):  
Meijing Miao ◽  
Liping Guo ◽  
Pengfei Su ◽  
Jinshan Ji ◽  
Baoli Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Our study aims to assess whether asiaticoside promotes the recovery of SINOFH by inhibiting bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation into osteoclasts (OC). BMMs were induced to form OC system by dexamethasone in vitro and ELISA detected the expression of OC-related genes formation by asiaticoside. BMSCs were cultured followed by analysis of BMSCs morphology under microscope, gene expression by qRT-PCR. TRACP and c-Src level by western blot, RANKL, OPG and TRACP5b level by ELISA. Asiaticoside inhibited the expression of OC formation in SIONFH. The expression of OC-related genes increased with the induction days. With the increasing of induction days, asiaticoside level in culture fluid was decreased. While after asiaticoside interference, OCrelated genes and proteins levels were significantly down-regulated. Aasiaticoside can significantly increase the RANKL signaling protein expression. In conclusion, asiaticoside promotes the recovery of SINOFH by inhibiting BMSCs differentiation into OC.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Concentrations of Total Polyphenols from Paulownia Hybrid Leaves on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production and Microorganisms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2843
Author(s):  
Julia Puchalska ◽  
Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽  
Amlan Kumar Patra ◽  
Sylwester Ślusarczyk ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Methanogen Population ◽  
Hydrogen Availability

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of polyphenols of Paulownia Clon In Vitro 112® leaves or their particular parts on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and microbial population. Paulownia leaves with high (PLH; 31.35 mg/g dry matter (DM)), medium (PLM; 26.94 mg/g DM), and low level of polyphenols (PLL; 11.90 mg/g DM) were used from three plantation areas. Lamina (PLLA; 33.63 mg/g DM) and twigs (PLT; 2.53 mg/g DM) of leaves were also collected from the PLM plantation. The chemical analyses of Paulownia leaves indicated that the content of the most basic nutrients (e.g., crude protein concentration of 185 g/kg of DM) were similar to dehydrated alfalfa. The in vitro results showed that the use of Paulownia leaves with the highest content of total polyphenols (PLH and PLLA) decreased methane production, methanogens numbers, and acetate to propionate ratio. In PLT, lowered methane production was followed by reduced substrate degradability and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration along with higher acetate to propionate ratio. Therefore, reduction of methane production in PLH and PLLA was attributed to the lowered methanogen population, whereas in PLT it was caused by decreased substrate degradability with the resultant of limited hydrogen availability to the methanogens.

Inhibitory effects of antibiotics on platelet aggregation in vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 662-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Kariyazono ◽  
Kazuo Nakamura ◽  
Terutoshi Shinkawa ◽  
Yukinori Moriyama ◽  
Hitoshi Toyohira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Induced Aggregation

1 We evaluated in vitro inhibitory effects of six types of antibiotic, aztreonam (AZT), cefamandole (CMD), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM), flomoxef (FMOX) and latamoxef (LMOX), on platelet aggregation, using healthy volunteers' blood. Four types-FMOX, LMOX, CTM and CMD-inhibited, in concentration of 2500 ?g/ml, the secondary aggregation induced by 3.0 ?M adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and also inhibited the aggregation induced by 0.5 ?g/ml collagen. AZT in the same concentration, did not inhibit the aggregation induced by collagen, and it inhibited only ADP induced aggregation. CMZ, in the same concentration, inhibited neither of the two aggregations. 2 The inhibitory effects of the antibiotics on collagen- induced aggregation were dependent on the concen tration of respective antibiotics. When classified by the strength of inhibitory action, LMOX and FMOX were strong, followed by CTM and CMD. The action of AZT and CMZ was weak. In particular, LMOX showed a 32% inhibitory effect at concentration of 50 ?g/ml, a level near the blood concentration obtained with clinical usual dose. 3 No relationship was observed between inhibitory effects of antibiotics on ADP- or collagen-induced aggregation and the presence or absence of carboxyl group and/or N-methyltetrazolethiol group in the chemical structure.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gene Expression in a Sterile Atopic Dermatitis Model and Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion by Fucoidan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Ah Young Park ◽  
Maureen Bourtembourg ◽  
Aline Chrétien ◽  
Roland Hubaux ◽  
Céline Lancelot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Reconstructed Skin ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Altered Gene

Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial pathology that includes perturbations of gene expression and increased adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus. Fucoidans are seaweed-derived sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides that are known to be anti-inflammatory and may inhibit adhesion of pathogens. Fucoidan was assessed for effects on gene expression of an in vitro 3D model of atopic dermatitis. It was also assessed for inhibitory effects on the adhesion of bacteria onto 3D reconstructed skin. Fucoidan significantly altered gene expression in the atopic dermatitis model, and there was a trend to reduce periostin levels. Fucoidan significantly inhibited the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes but did not affect the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Fucoidan may be a useful topical agent to assist in the management of atopic dermatitis.

Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Michael T. Story ◽  
Donald Yorde ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

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