scholarly journals Effects of natural clinoptilolite on physiology, water stress, sugar, and anthocyanin content in Sanforte (Vitis vinifera L.) young vineyard

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. C. Cataldo ◽  
L. S. Salvi ◽  
F. P. Paoli ◽  
M. F. Fucile ◽  
G. M. Masciandaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters

Abstract In the Mediterranea area, major effects of climate change are a modification in rainfall patterns, an increase in temperature with an intensify in tropical nights, and an increase in incoming radiations, especially UV-Bs. Despite the various adaptation strategies, grapevines are sensitive to altered climatic conditions. This paper aims to assess the benefits of applying a new sustainable product to the soil that can implement farmers’ resources to adapt to this changing situation. Zeowine was realized by combining the properties of zeolite, which has excellent potential in many sectors such as in agriculture, with the organic substance of a compost obtained on a company scale from the reuse of waste processing grapes, pomace and stalks. The effects of two different soil management (Z – Zeowine, 30 t/ha dose and C – Compost, 20 t/ha dose) on vine physiology and berry compositions in Sanforte grapevines (new plantation) were studied during the 2019–2020–2021 growing seasons in the San Miniato area, Italy. The following physiological parameters of grapevines were measured: leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, stem water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results showed that Z increased single leaf photosynthesis, reduced leaf temperature and water stress. In addition, phenolic and technological parameters were studied. The Z-treated vines had higher sugar content and total and extractable anthocyanin content as well as berry weight. These results suggested that the application of zeolites added to compost in the vineyard to the soil can be a valid tool to mitigate the effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Panayiota Xylia ◽  
Vassilis Litskas ◽  
Menelaos Stavrinides ◽  
Lisa Heyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
The Impact

Cyprus has a long tradition in grape cultivation and wine making and grapevine is important for the sustainability of the agricultural sector, like in other Mediterranean areas. Water scarcity, which is projected to increase due to climate change, could negatively affect the sector. In this research, the effects of irrigation and tillage treatments on various aspects of vine growth and product quality (e.g., yield, physiology and quality attributes), were studied in Chardonnay and Xynisteri cultivars grown in clay soils in Cyprus. Regarding soil properties and water content, N and K were more abundant in the soil than P and through the growing period irrigation tended to increase electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil. Soil water content (volumetric) was 22%–27.5% and 13%–16%, when irrigation was applied or not, respectively. Vegetative soil cover occupied 50%–55% of the surface and contained species typically present in Mediterranean farms (e.g., Poaceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae). Tillage increased yield in Xynisteri (4–5 kg plant−1) but negatively affected other parameters such as chlorophyll levels (in Xynisteri). In combination with irrigation, tillage increased antioxidant activity in Chardonnay (assessed by FRAP and DPPH), at harvest. Total phenolics at harvest were higher in the grape juice of Xynisteri, compared to Chardonnay (30–40 and 20–25 mg GA g−1 fresh weight, respectively). Irrigation influenced phytohormone levels in the two cultivars. ABA increased in non-irrigated Xynisteri, reflecting an increased capacity to react towards water stress. Water stress is considered to increase polyphenols in grapes, but in the case of Xynisteri it seems that irrigation water is required to obtain better quality grapes as without irrigation volumetric water content (VWC) is close to the permanent wilting point. Titratable acidity and total tannins decreased in Chardonnay, when tillage and irrigation were applied. In addition, tillage and irrigation tended to elevate the pH of the grape juice. Tillage and irrigation on the other hand, had no effect on the levels of ascorbic acid and total anthocyanin content. The results of this research may help to select management strategies that support the adaptation of viticulture to climate change in Cyprus and other Mediterranean areas.

scholarly journals Sustainable Viticulture: Effects of Soil Management in Vitis vinifera

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Paolo Storchi ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Stem Water Potential

Soil management in vineyards is of fundamental importance not only for the productivity and quality of grapes, both in biological and conventional management, but also for greater sustainability of the production. Conservative soil management techniques play an important role, compared to conventional tillage, in order to preserve biodiversity, to save soil fertility, and to keep vegetative-productive balance. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate long-term adaptation strategies to create a balance between the vine and the surrounding environment. This work sought to assess the effects of following different management practices on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon during 2017 and 2018 seasons: soil tillage (T), temporary cover cropping over all inter-rows (C), and mulching with plant residues every other row (M). The main physiological parameters of vines (leaf gas exchange, stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, and indirect chlorophyll content) as well as qualitative and quantitative grape parameters (technological and phenolic analyses) were measured. Significant differences in gas exchanges related to the different season and inter-row management were observed. C showed more negative values of water potential, due to the grass–vine competition, especially when water availability was lower. The competition exerted by C led to differences in fruit setting with impact on yield; therefrom, significant differences also in sugar and anthocyanic content were observed.

Effects of postveraison water regime on the phenolic composition of grapes and wines of cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Koundouras ◽  
Ioannis Kanakis ◽  
Efrosyni Drossou ◽  
Stamatina Kallithraka ◽  
Yorgos Kotseridis
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Amount

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: Vine water deficit is widely accepted as a powerful means to control grape and wine attributes. However, quality improvement is often achieved at the expense of a reduction in yield, especially when water deficit conditions are applied during the preveraison period. The aim of the present work was to test an irrigation regime based on manipulating water availability from veraison to harvest, as a means to control berry and wine composition with minimum effect on reproductive growth parameters.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: A field trial was conducted during two consecutive years (2007-2008) in Nemea, Southern Greece. Three irrigation treatments were applied on seven-year-old, vertical shoot positioned and spur pruned Agiorgitiko vines (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.), from veraison through harvest : irrigation at 70 % of crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>c</sub>) (I70), irrigation at 30 % of ET<sub>c</sub> (I30) and non irrigated (NI). Irrigation amount produced significant differences in postveraison midday stem water potential pattern, especially during the drier year 2008. Yield was increased by irrigation in 2008, whereas berry growth was unaffected in both seasons. Berries of NI vines achieved higher total skin anthocyanin content in 2007, although individual anthocyanin levels were not affected by water regime. Irrigation effect on skin tannins was inconsistent but seed tannins were higher in I70 vines, with increased levels of catechin and epicatechin monomers. Among wine attributes, tannin concentration, but not anthocyanin, was mostly responsive to water deficit-induced changes in berry phenolic composition. The wines made from I70 grapes had a higher tannin content than those made from NI grapes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The results presented show that postveraison water regime had a significant effect on skin anthocyanins and, more markedly, on seed tannins, without altering berry growth parameters. Especially for seed tannins, this effect appears to predominate over variations in climatic conditions between years.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This trial suggests that Agiorgitiko vines grown on the loamy soils of Nemea perform better under non irrigated conditions during the postveraison period since rainfed vines had improved phenolic composition (higher colour with lower contribution of seed tannins) without significant loss in productivity.</p>

scholarly journals Water Stress Limits Growth and Physiological Performance of Jatropha curcas L. Seedlings

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Bassirou Sine ◽  
Bassiaka Ouattara ◽  
Diariétou Sambakhé ◽  
Alassane Waly Ngom ◽  
Aïda Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Semi Arid

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a potential biodiesel plant that gained much attention in non-oil production countries. We investigated the ability of the species to cope with water deficit occurring in semi-arid zones like Senegal climatic conditions. The layout of the experiment was a randomized complete blocks design with two factors (level and frequency of irrigation) and 6 repetitions. The trial was conducted from December 2012 to June 2013 in CERAAS/ISRA at Thiès, Senegal. Potted Jatropha seedlings were exposed, after three months under similar well-watered conditions, to three water regimes (100%, 50% and 25% of field capacity, respectively C100, C50 and C25) and two frequency of watering once and twice watering a week(F1 and F2, respectively). The different treatments didn’t affect significantly collar diameter and plant height during the time of the experimentation. Nevertheless, the trend line is up for collar diameter and plant height in well-watered plants. For the same frequency of irrigation, biomass accumulated was high in C100. No difference was found between plants biomass in C25-F1 and C25-F2. For physiological parameters, there are no differences between the treatments at the onset of stress. However, after 2 weeks of stress, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration were affected permanently in treatments C100-F1, C50-F1 and C25-F1 and their values never reached those of plants of C100-F2, 50-F2 and C25-F2. The opposite was noted for leaf temperature. For the same frequency of irrigation, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher in C100 and the opposite occurred for the leaf temperature. These results demonstrate that growth and productivity of Jatropha are significantly affected by water stress conditions. Its need to be watered regularly to maintain physiological functions and biomass production definitely highlights that its growth in semi-arid zones is economically unlikely.

scholarly journals Influence of water stress on grape quality and aroma precursors in Sauvignon Blanc grown in Bolgheri area (Tuscany)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Giovan Battista Mattii
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Aroma Precursors

Climate change has a direct impact on the phenological stages of the grapevine, with consequences on the anticipation of aging and on the qualitative characteristics of the grapes. In fact, there is a decrease in the skin/pulp ratio, with possible reduction of the aromatic potential. This work was aimed at assessing the effects of water stress on technological maturity and thiol precursors of Sauvignon Blanc grapes in two vineyards of Bolgheri. To this purpose, 3 theses have been established: WW, well watered; WS, moderate stress; CTRL, control. During the season, measurements of single leaf gas exchange, stem water potential were made; moreover parameters of technological maturity (° Brix, acidity, pH and berry weight) and thiol precursors were analyzed. As expected, the water potential was less negative in the irrigated thesis due to the greater availability of water, as well as the highest rates of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance. Technological analyses showed no significant differences among the treatments. The analysis of the 3MH/3-mercaptoesan-1-ol precursors showed that the WW had a greater accumulation than the other theses. These results suggest that lower water stress favors a better aromatic content.

Exploring the sensitivity of thermal imaging for Plasmopara viticola pathogen detection in grapevines under different water status

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Stoll ◽  
Hans R. Schultz ◽  
Beate Berkelmann-Loehnertz
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thermal Imagery ◽  
Stage Of Development

The effect on spatial variability of leaf temperature of inoculating grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) with a fungal pathogen (Plasmopara viticola) was studied in either well irrigated or non-irrigated plants. The results from thermal imagery were compared with stomatal conductance measured by leaf gas exchange. The high sensitivity of leaf temperature to stomatal conductance means that infrared thermography can be used to monitor irregularities in temperature at an early stage of development after either infection or other stress-related changes affecting the amount of water transpired. Contrasting thermal effects due to the pathogen attack were found between measurements on well irrigated and water stressed plants. With irrigated vines, pathogen development caused an increase in leaf temperature at the point of infection. In contrast, under severe water stress, the inoculated plants showed a lower temperature at the sites of inoculation compared with the rest of the leaf. Analysis of the spatial and temporal sensitivity of the temperature profile, obtained from the deviation of individual pixels from the mean along a straight line, successfully distinguished between healthy and infected positions on the leaf irrespective of the plant water status. Under greenhouse conditions and for predefined areas of the leaf surface, evidence was also acquired for characteristic thermal responses to be apparent not later than 4 days past inoculation; that is, at least 3 days before visible symptoms appeared. Thus, early and remote detection using thermal imagery has the potential for pre-symptomatic diagnosis of biotic stress.

scholarly journals Application of Fractions of Crop Evapotranspiration Affects Carbon Partitioning of Grapevine Differentially in a Hot Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazareth Torres ◽  
Runze Yu ◽  
Johann Martínez-Lüscher ◽  
Evmorfia Kostaki ◽  
Sahap Kaan Kurtural
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Hot Climate

Majority of viticulture regions are located in mid-latitudes characterized by weather variability and stressful environments relying on irrigation for mitigating environmental stress during the growing season and to ensure a profitable yield. The aim of this study was to characterize the response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) to different applied water amounts based on the replacement of fractions of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during two growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns. The experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments based on the weekly replacement of 25, 50, and 100% of ETc. Grapevine stem water potential decreased during the growing season reaching its lowest value (-1.5 and -1.2 MPa, respectively) at harvest in the more stressed vines (25 and 50% ETc). Leaf gas exchange variables were measured during the two seasons and 100% ETc had the highest rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and better instantaneous water use efficiency, also resulting in higher leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Mineral nutrient content for nitrogen and potassium increased linearly with the increase in applied water. At harvest, no differences were observed in the number of clusters per vine; however, the 25% ETc had the lowest berry size and yield per vine with no difference in sugar content of berry. Conversely, sugar allocation to reserve organs was highly affected by applied water leading to different shoot to root biomass partitioning, where shoot:root ratio, leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and photosynthetic pigments increased with greater applied water. Likewise sucrose:N ratio and root non-structural carbohydrates decreased with the lower applied water. Altogether, carbon allocation between the source and sink organs likely controlled the response of grapevines to water deficits in a hot climate, and replacing 50% ETc was sufficient to sustain the grapevine performance given the enhancement of sugar transport, which could slow down the detrimental effect of water deficits on yield.

scholarly journals GRAPE POMANCE GENERATION FROM GRAPE CULTIVARS CULTIVATED IN TÂRNAVE VINEYARDS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Liliana Lucia Tomoiagă ◽  
Maria Lucia Iliescu ◽  
Horia Silviu Răcoare ◽  
Vlad Botea ◽  
Alexandra Doina Sîrbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Heavy Rains

Grape pomace is a by-product obtained from the technological processing of grapes and represents on average 20% of the total amount of grapes taken for winemaking. Due to the medical, food and cosmetic interest in the valorisation of grape pomace, the present study presents the percentage of pomace resulting, the yield of must and the sugar content of must obtained for 25 grapevine cultivars, hybrids and clones for white and red wines, cultivated in the SCDVV Blaj vineyards from Blaj, Crăciunelu de Jos and Ciumbrud. In the climatic conditions of the year 2020 with heavy rains in June and cold nights in September, the highest amounts of GP are obtained from the white cultivar Hibernal (GP yield33.43% and sugar concentration in must 205 g/L) and from the white cultivar Pinot gris 18-5 (GP yield34.09% and sugar concentration in must 210 g/L). The lowest percentage of GP was obtained in the case of Pinot gris 34 Bl clone, (GP yield18.09% and sugar concentration in must 236 g/L). Our data show that the harvesting time and the terroir influence the GP yield.

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