Infectivity of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices under different conditions of temperature and humidity

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Diker ◽  
R. Tinar ◽  
B. Senlik
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of different temperatures and humidities on the infectivity of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. Eighteen dogs (6 groups, n = 3 each) were fed with offal mince harbouring approximately 20,000 protoscolices of E. granulosus of different viabilities. Dogs were infected with E. granulosus protoscolices of: (1) 5% viability at − 10°C and 50% relative humidity (RH); (2) 30% viability at 0°C and 60% RH; (3) 20% viability at +10°C and 65% RH; (4) 15% viability at +30°C and 75% RH; (5) 11% viability at +40°C and 80% RH; (6) 68% viability (control group). Dogs in each group were necropsied at 29–49 days post-infection. Mean intensities of E. granulosus recovered from dogs were 256.7 ± 60.3 in the second group; 32.7 ± 7.1 in the third group; 40.3 ± 15.5 in the fourth group and 1533 ± 513 in the control group. However, no parasites were recovered from the first and fifth groups. Results obtained in the present study show that larval stages could be infective for 1 to 4 weeks during spring, autumn or winter months when maximal temperatures are approximately 0–10°C. In conclusion, cold-storage depots in slaughterhouses and abattoirs where sheep carcasses might be discarded should be kept at − 20°C for 2–3 days, dogs should be properly controlled and adequate control programmes must be established in areas where the disease is endemic.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Gene Encoding 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (EGR-03347) from Echinococcus Granulosus and the Evaluation of the Immune Protection of the Definitive Hosts (dogs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwen Xian ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Pengpeng Zhao ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Jimeng Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase

Abstract Background: Cystic echinococcosis, a serious parasitic zoonosis, is caused by tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus) larvae. The development of an effective vaccine is a promising strategy to control echinococcosis. E. granulosus has a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, in which 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EGR-03347) is a key enzyme.Methods: In the present study, the cDNA encoding EGR-03347 in Echinococcus granulosus (rEGR-03347) was successfully cloned and the molecular and biochemical characterizations carried out. The immunoreactivity of recombinant EGR-03347 (rEGR-03347) was investigated using western blotting. The immunolocalization of EGR-03347 in different life stages of E. granulosus was determined using specific polyclonal antibody, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze their transcript levels in PSCs and 28-day strobilated worms stages. In addition, recombinant protein rEGR-03347 was mixed with the adjuvant Quil A for vaccinating dogs, after three vaccine injections, all the dogs were orally challenge-infected with 100000 protoscoleces of E. granulosus. After 28 days of infection, all the dogs were euthanized and necropsied for collecting and counting E. granulosus worms, post-infection the antibody and cytokine were measured for the immunogenicity analysis of this protein.Results: rEGR-03347 is a highly conserved protein, consisting of 308 amino acids. Recombinant EGR-03347 could be identifed in the sera of patients with CE and in mouse anti-rEGR-03347 sera. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that EGR-03347 mainly localized in the tegument of protoscoleces and adults, and their transcript levels were high in the 28-day strobilated worms. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays post‑infection showed that IgG gradually increased after the first immunization with rEGR-03347 compared with the control group, rEGR-03347 changed the interferon gamma and interleukin 4 levels. We observed an 87.2 % reduction in E. granulosus numbers and 66.7 % inhibition of the segmental development of E. granulosus in the rEGR‑03347‑vaccinated dogs compared with the nonvaccinated controls.Conclusions: This is the first report characterizing a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from the tapeworm E. granulosus. We have characterized the sequence, structure and location of EGR‑03347 and investigated the immunoreactivity, immunogenicity and serodiagnostic potential of rEGR‑03347 . The results demonstrated rEGR-03347 as a potential vaccine against E. granulosus infection in dogs.

scholarly journals Teratogenic effects of Metoprolol in the chick embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Abbas Razzaq Abed
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T1 And T2

     This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of Metoprolol on chicken embryos during the period of cuddling automated .This study was completed in Babylon hatchery dedicated to the production of chick chickens, which is located in the province of Babylon. One hundred eggs (Belgian origin, CZ 1924) were divided into equal four groups. The first group injected eggs by Metaprolol at dose 10 mg /70kg BW, and the second group eggs was injected by Metoprolol at dose 15 mg /70kg BW, while eggs in the third group was injected by physiological normal saline only and the fourth group did not inject their eggs any material and considered the control group and all the eggs used in this experiment to take on the fourth day of cuddling. The results of this study showed a decrease in the percentage hatching in groups injected with Metoprolol (T1 and T2 groups, 4% and 13%, respectively) compared to the T3 and the control groups. Also showed the results of the current study, no significant difference at the level of (P <0.05) in the weights of embryos after hatching. While histopathological examination showed the presence of pathological lesions in the heart tissue in injected eggs groups by Metoprolol (T1 and T2 groups) and included these changes infiltration of inflammatory cells, thickening in epicardium and the presence of vacuolation in heart tissue with the appearance of edema, heart tissue damage, congestion in the blood vessels and the occurrence of hemorrhage.

Enhancement of Fibrinolysis in Rabbits Exposed to Low and Moderate Levels of Carbon Monoxide Inhibited by Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekrem V Kalmaz ◽  
Larry W Canter ◽  
Robert L Coleman ◽  
James W Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third

SummaryThe first (control) group of rabbits breathed ambient air whereas the second was exposed to low level carbon monoxide (CO, 50 ppm by volume) for 24 hr continuously for 8 weeks. The third group was exposed to 300 ppm CO for 4 weeks. The fourth group was exposed to 300 ppm CO for the same period of time as the third group but in addition they were also given epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) orally, and the results compared to Group III. Per cent oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), per cent hemoglobin (Hb) and per cent carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) were monitored in all groups. Tests of fibrinolysis were monitored and showed acceleration of the whole blood clot lysis and euglobulin lysis times (ELT). A fibrin plate test confirmed the increased lysis and serum fibrin and/or fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were elevated in the CO exposed animals. No changes were observed in the same tests in the rabbits exposed to ambient air. The fourth group of animals receiving EACA showed inhibition of lysis and decrease in serum FDP. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin assays in all groups showed no change. Microscopic examination of the large vessels in these test groups showed endothelial damage which indicates a possible source for a plasminogen activator release, or lead to activation of Hageman factor and activated plasma plasminogen proactivator.

Potential activity of crude alkaloids against Echinococcus granulosus in adult albino male rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer A. Ali ◽  
Ahmed Hamad Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Potential Activity

Study was designed to show the activity of crude alkaloids against toxicity of E. granulosus. 20 adult albino male rats were used in present study and divided randomly to following groups (each group consist 5 rats); control group received ad libidium, posistive group injected with 2,5 X 103 of E. granulosus protoscolices third group injected with protoscolices and treated with 0.25 mg/ml crude alkaloids, fourth group injected with protoscolices and treated with 0.25 mg/ml crude alkaloids. The results show high Scavenging activity of crude alkaloids extracts reach to 88.6%. Otherwise, The results show high significant increased (p less than 0.05) in levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in group injected with protoscolices compared with control group. Oxidative stress factor in group injected with protoscolices show significant increased (p less than 0.05) in levels of MDA (malonedialdehyied) and significant decreased (p less than 0.05) in levels of glutathione (GSH) and catalase compared with control group. While, after used crude alkaloids with E. granulosus, the results showed non-significant changes (p less than 0.05) in liver functions and MDA, GSH and catalase also showed non-significant changes (p less than 0.05) compared with control group. It was concluded that crude alkaloids has been potential role against toxicity of Echinococcus granulosus in male rats.

scholarly journals Curcumin improves atorvastatin-induced myotoxicity in rats: Histopathological and biochemical evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Said Elshama ◽  
Ayman El-Meghawry El-Kenawy ◽  
Hosam-Eldin Hussein Osman
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
Chronic Use

Atorvastatin is considered to be one of the most commonly used of all statins anti-hyperlipidemic drugs despite the fact that there is much controversy about its safety. Its therapeutic use becomes severely limited by the hazards of inducing myotoxicity. Curcumin is one of the safe spices that have chemoprotection and cytoprotection effects against endogenous and exogenous noxious stimuli. This study investigates the effect of curcumin on atorvastatin sub-chronic use-induced myotoxicity in rats by the assessment of serum creatinine phosphokinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, myoglobin, troponin, potassium, creatinine, and histopathological changes of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles by light and electron microscope examination. Eighty adult albino rats were divided into four groups; each group consists of 20 rats. The control group received water, the second group received atorvastatin, the third group received curcumin, and the fourth group received curcumin with atorvastatin for 90 days by gastric gavage. The prolonged use of atorvastatin induced significant abnormalities of all myotoxicity biomarkers associated with histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the different types of the muscles. Co-administration of curcumin with sub-chronic use of atorvastatin led to an improvement in myotoxicity manifestations.

Desiccation tolerance of Muellerius capillaris first-stage larvae from Israeli arid and French temperate habitats and their compatibility to the land snail Theba pisana

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SOLOMON ◽  
J. CABARET ◽  
I. GLAZER ◽  
I. PAPERNA
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Survival Capacity ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Theba Pisana ◽  
French Isolate ◽  
Muellerius Capillaris

The survival capacities of Muellerius capillaris (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) free-living larval stages (L1) of an Israeli desert isolate (Nubian isolate) (92 mm rain per annum) and a French isolate from a temperate habitat (650 mm rain per annum) were compared under humid and extreme dry conditions. Under the dry conditions (7% relative humidity [r.h.] and 33% r.h. at 23 °C), both isolates exhibited the same remarkable survival capacity for periods of 17 and 28 days, respectively (>92% survival, P>0·1). However, during and after recovery from the anhydrobiotic state, different behaviour patterns of L1 were observed in each isolate. Under humid conditions (97% r.h.) for 10 days, both isolates exhibited similarly low survival percentages (13·4±4·6%, S.E., survival for the Nubian isolate, 3±3% for the French isolate, P>0·05). In water, the French isolate was less active, survived better (52±8·4% vs 28·7±3·7, by day 28, P<0·05) and retained a better morphological appearance (shrunk less) than the Nubian isolate. Larval development of the French isolate in the land snail Theba pisana was significantly faster than that of the Nubian isolate, reaching a higher proportion of infective stages (L3) on day 36 post-infection (78·6% vs 56% P>0·05). However, similar infection intensities were recovered in snails infected with either of the isolates (59·8±10·3, S.E., n=14, for the French isolate, 53±6, n=13, for the Nubian isolate, P<0·05).

scholarly journals The connection between the some agents of sextransmitting diseasesand bacterial vaginosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
S. V. Rishchuk ◽  
А. G. Bojtsov ◽  
D. F. Kostjuchek ◽  
М. V. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Group Control Group

Women were placed in one of four groups according to their vaginal pathological state. 77 patients with classical bacterial vaginosis (BV) were included in the first group. The second group included 63 women with BV and leukocytes in the vaginal smear. The third group consisted of 157 patients without clinical and laboratory criteria of BV, but with bacterial vaginitis. The fourth group (control group) totalized 193 people without any of the above pathological processes in the vagina or other diseases of the pelvis. Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Trichomonas were found significantly more often in women with BV that in those without (4,3; 15,2; 2,6; 5,9 times accordingly). Chlamydia and Ureaplasma in diagnostic levels were identified more often in the patients with BV and leukocytes than in those with the classical variant (1,8 and 1,4 times accordingly). Trichomonas was found only in the patients with BV and leukocytes; and M.himinis in diagnostic levels was identified in both variants equally.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of nutrient digestibility of rations of pregnant ewes with the additional introduction of cobalt

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
V. Mykytyuk ◽  
T. Vasilenko ◽  
O. Orischuk ◽  
S. Tsap ◽  
I. Porotikova
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of studies on the effect of various doses of cobalt with an optimized level of sulfur in rations of Askanian meat-and-wool ewes on digestibility of nutrients of consumed feed and digestibility of the studied mineral elements are presented. It was established that the level of nutrient digestibility of rations was higher in ewes of the experimental groups, which, to the generally accepted norm, were additionally injected with cobalt chloride in the amount of 10 %, which was equal 0.825 mg, 20 % – 0.900 mg, and 30 % – 0.975 mg per head per day . As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the ewes of the second experimental group differed in the highest indices of digestibility of nutrients of the ration, which increased the rate of cobalt by 10 %. The additional introduction of 20 % and 30 % cobalt to the basic ration did not contribute to a further increase in the digestibility factors of nutrients in the body of ewes of the experimental groups. The research has shown that the uptake of cobalt by experimental ewes increased as this element increased in the rations. Thus, 0.31 mg of cobalt was assimilated by the ewes of the second experimental group, which is 0.06 mg or 20.0 % higher compared to the control group; to the third-group of ewes by 0.07 mg or 28.0 % and to the fourth-group ewes by 0,08 mg or 32.0 % compared with analogues of the control group. However, when calculating these indicators in relative terms, it was established that the highest percentage of cobalt absorbed from that received was in the ewes of the second experimental group. Their advantage relative to the control group was 4.60 % (P <0.01), and III and IV experimental groups – 2.11 and 0.19 absolute percent.

scholarly journals Effect Of Vitamine AND Selenum On Immune Response Of CO - Baghdad Vaccine In Sheep.

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
A. M.H. AL-Judi ◽  
R. H. Hameed ◽  
A. D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

This study was done on 57 Awassi pregnant ewes, divided in to 5 groups, the 1st control group, the second group received  E (900 mg) and Selenium (3mg), twicel.M.injections of vitamin the third group received one injection of vitamin E (900mg) and  feed  via selenium ( 3 mg), the fourth group received vitamin E block (1 gm) daily for two weeks, the fifth group received  vitamin E via feed block for one week (1gm daily), and all groups injected with C Baghdad vaccine.  This study had been shown a significant difference in antibody titer between treated groups and the control group, from2weeks post  titre vaccination There were significant difference in antibody (p<0.05) between lambs of treated and control group. While there were no significant difference in body weight of ewes and lambs,  production of treated and but was a significant difference in milk control group. 

Treatment of otitis externa experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Rana .A.M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third

Twenty five local breed dogs divided to five groups and otitis extrna experimentally induced by scrashingthe ear canal with ( 9x10)8 cfu p6, biotype of pseudomonas aeruginosa . The control group showed theclinical signs beside the presence of neutrophils in the smears . The third group showed the clinical signsbeside the rupture of tympanic membrane in one of animal group and the recovery to the others in 4 weeksafter treathment withear washing acetic acid and boric acid and then local treatment with ciprofloxacin and dexamethazonebeside then local treatment with ciprofloxacin and dexamethazone beside we give ciprofloxacin orally . The fourth group recovered after 3 weeksof treatment with ear washing with Tris – EDTA beside acetic acid and boric acid and local treatment withciprofloxacin and dexamethazone beside giving cipro floxacin orally . The fifth group recoverd after4weeks of treatment with ear washing with Tris – EDTA and acetic acid and boric acid and local Treatmentonly with ciprofloxacin and dexamethazone

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