Protective capacity of cercarial transformation fluid alone or in combination with crude cercarial antigen against challenge infections ofSchistosoma mansoniin mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z. El Azzouni ◽  
R.F. Mady ◽  
M.R. Gaafar ◽  
F.M. Arafa ◽  
A. Elhadidi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Hepatic Granuloma ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
The World

AbstractSchistosomiasis is the second major parasitic disease in the world after malaria. It affects 201.5 million cases in Africa alone. The aim of this research was to explore alternative vaccination strategies against experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. We assessed the effect of cercarial transformation fluid (CTF) singly and in combination with crude cercarial antigen (CCA) using alum as an adjuvant. The combined antigens gave the best results, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the worm load (62.07%), tissue egg count (78.16%, 86.46%) in liver and intestine respectively, and hepatic granuloma size (29.96%). Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes in the tegument, in the form of roughness and appearance of vesicles and furrows between the tegumental tubercles. Also, resorption of the ventral sucker and dimples replacing its spines were observed. The female tegument was irregular and its posterior end showed loss of spines and sensory bulbs. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in liver enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) compared to infected control mice. A significant elevation in CD4+T-lymphocytes, denoting amelioration of the immune status, in mice that received combined antigens was also observed. It can be concluded that combined antigens demonstrate potential as a vaccine againstSchistosoma mansoni.

scholarly journals Non-physiological antioxidants: How safe?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Islam
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
The World

Antioxidants of various origins, by these days are one of the known health promotion tools in the world. These are also vastly used as over-the-counter medications. Having a protective capacity, antioxidants have been procured much attention in various fields; these include- dietary consumption, medicinal and cosmetic preparations, food and drinks preparation and preservation, and so on. Antioxidants are more concerned with the medical and pharmaceutical fields, where therapeutic applications are the prime apprehension. Our body has a number of antioxidants called physiological antioxidant systems. Generally, antioxidants are the reducing agents. A failure of balance between the production of oxidative substances and internal or physiological antioxidant molecules asks us to intake external or non-physiological antioxidants. How safe the non-physiological antioxidants? This text sketches theoretically a short scenario on safety and precautions of biologically installation of non-physiological antioxidants. This article is an update of previously published article by EC Orthopaedics 5.2 (2017): 29-31, where the author reserves all rights.

scholarly journals The effect of obesity and Insulin Resistance on Liver Enzymes in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-545
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
And Control

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been defined as a clinical syndrome that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the liver .This study was conducted to assess the effect obesity and insulin resistance on liver enzymes in diabetic Iraqi patients.A comparative study of (90) Iraqi adults divided to three subgroup(30) obese ,(30) nonobese diabetic patients and(30)person had used as control. The analysis included Liver enzyme ALP,ALT,AST,GGT ,Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBG) , Lipid Profile , Hemoglobin A1C , insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were measured. Subjects were excluded from this study if they had liver disease, alcohol intake, medications for lowering lipid, insulin treatment, pregnant women and women taking contraceptive pills . The study shows significantly higher of liver enzymes level ( gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate Amino Transferase , Alanine Transaminase) in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control subject and HOMA IR showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese with diabetic patients and control (P < 0.05). The lipids level showed significantly higher in obese diabetic patients compared with non-obese diabetic patients and control.The HbA1c level showed higher significantly in obese diabetic patients compared with control and ther is a posative correlation between insulin and HOMA IR , ALP in obeses diabetic patients while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group. The liver enzymes level of(alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase gama glutaminase transferase ) is significantly higher in obese diabetic patients than non –obese diabetic patients and control group , also There was posative correlation between ALP and HOMA IR while there was negative correlation between ALT and cholesterol in obese group and with HbA1c in control group .

scholarly journals Experimental Trichinellosis in rats: Peritoneal macrophage activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Gruden-Movsesijan ◽  
Ljiljana Sofronic-Milosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
No Production ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Dynamic Shift

The influence of Trichinella spiralis infection on macrophage activity in rats during the first 28 days of infection was examined by measuring the production of NO and IL-6, as well as the expression of mannose receptor on the surface of peritoneal macrophages. During the course of a dynamic shift in the 3 life-cycle stages of the parasite, intermittent variations in NO production were observed but ended with increased values that coincided with the highest values for IL-6 release in the final, muscle phase of infection. No change in mannose receptor expression was observed during the course of infection. These results confirm that the Trichinella spiralis infection provokes changes in macrophage activity that could influence not only the course of the parasitic disease but also the overall immune status of the host.

scholarly journals Unusual presentation of a Hydatid cyst: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asifa Sattar ◽  
Nazmun Nahar ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
ASM Tanim Anwar ◽  
Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World

Hydatid disease is a parasitic disease, which is most commonly caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It is endemic in many parts of the world. However, Hydatid disease can occur in almost any part of the body. Isolated omenal hydatid cyst is one of the least common sites. A case of very unusual omental hydatid cyst is presented here which was diagnosed in the Department of Radiology & Imaging, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, and subsequently confirmed by histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21546 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 216-218

scholarly journals Investigation of some endogenous antimicrobial peptides in thalassemia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Mustafa Efendiyev ◽  
Gulnara Ibrahim Azizova ◽  
Arzu Ramiz Dadashova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin ◽  
Homozygous Form

The aim of this work was a comparative study of the amount of antimicrobial peptides - human neutrophil peptides - defensins (HNP), hepcidin, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), and endotoxin in β-thalassemia. Blood samples of 135 patients with thalassemia were investigated. All patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group included patients with heterozygous form (n=45). The second group consisted of patients with homozygous form before splenectomy (n=45). The third group included patients with homozygous form after splenectomy (n=45). The age of patients varied from 2 to 18 years. Biochemical [unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, ferritin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV)] and immune (IgA, IgM, IgG, phagocytic activity) parameters were defined. Obtained results suggest that increased levels of endogenous antimicrobial peptides are associated with the development of the infectious process and reflect the dynamics of changes in biochemical parameters and immune status.

Predicting the community prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni from the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. RODRIGUES ◽  
J. G. WHEELER ◽  
R. SHIER ◽  
H. L. GUERRA ◽  
F. PIMENTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization suggested that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among 7- to 14-year-olds be used to guide treatment strategies in endemic areas. This study explores how well the prevalence in that age group predicted the overall prevalence in the community in data from stool examinations (Kato–Katz method) from 180000 people in 3 municipalities in Brazil in 1984 and 1985. The median prevalence was higher in 1984, before community treatment was introduced. There was a strong relationship between the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds and the overall prevalence in the community. We present sensitivities and positive predictive values for the use of prevalence in the indicator group to select communities for mass treatment as recommended by WHO. For a range of assumptions sensitivity and positive predictive value were never both above 80%. We suggest that the estimates of validity presented in this paper inform future evaluations of strategies for S. mansoni control.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding inherited deficiencies in immunity to infections

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Constantine ◽  
Michail S. Lionakis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Immunity ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
Resistance To Infection

The immune system is central to our interactions with the world in which we live and importantly dictates our response to potential allergens, toxins, and pathogens to which we are constantly exposed. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie protective host immune responses against microbial pathogens is vital for the development of improved treatment and vaccination strategies against infections. To that end, inherited immunodeficiencies that manifest with susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and/or fungal infections have provided fundamental insights into the indispensable contribution of key immune pathways in host defense against various pathogens. In this mini-review, we summarize the findings from a series of recent publications in which inherited immunodeficiencies have helped illuminate the interplay of human immunity and resistance to infection.

scholarly journals Impact Of Pragya Yoga Exercise On Lipid Profile Among Overweight Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Riddhi Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Triglyceride

Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents risks for many other disorders. It is affecting populations across the world in all age groups which may be caused due to unhealthy lifestyles or genetic predisposition. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of pragya-yoga exercise (a defined set of 16 yogic postures) on lipid profile among overweight women. 30 overweight women (BMI>25kg/m) were selected from the polyclinic of Dev Sanskriti university Haridwar, with their ages ranging from 30 to 50 years (group average age ±S.D., 38.37±5.52 years). All participants practiced Pragya Yoga exercise for 40 minutes on each day for eight weeks under supervision of a female yoga therapist. Data was analyzed using paired sample t-test. There were statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol level(df=28, p<0.01), total triglyceride level(df=28, p<0.01), low density lipoprotein(df=29,p<0.01) and significant elevation in high density lipoprotein(df=29, p<0.01). The result suggests that Pragya-yoga practices are beneficial for the management of lipid profile among overweight women.

scholarly journals A 32-year-old obese Male with Prolonged Increased Transaminase Level Associated with NASH after HBV Hepatitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Ahmedul Kabir ◽  
Jayanta Banik ◽  
Robed Amin ◽  
Faizul Islam Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Transaminase Level ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Obese Male

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an underdiagnosed liver disease and is the main cause of persistent elevated serum liver enzymes among the general population. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old obese man who was diagnosed as a case of chronic hepatitis caused by HBV infection. He was treated with Lamivudine for two years. Though his HBV DNA load became negative, he had persistently elevated ALT and AST for two years. Then a liver biopsy was planned for greater diagnostic and prognostic certainty, as the patient was obese, and aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase ratio was greater than one. The histopathology showed steatosis, ballooning degeneration, microinflammation and fibrosis compatible with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We present the case as we think that clinicians should be aware of the possibility, that hepatitis B viral hepatitis with prolonged elevated serum liver enzymes might be associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4283 J Medicine 2010: 11: 90-93

scholarly journals An 11-Year-Old Boy Infected with COVID-19 with Presentation of Acute Liver Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Saeed ◽  
Eslam Shorafa ◽  
Iraj Shahramian ◽  
Mahdi Afshari ◽  
Mehrdad Salahifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Then, it spread to the whole world so that THE World Health Organization (WHO) declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a novel and mysterious infectious disease that causes respiratory illness, multiorgan failure (MOF), and death. Although pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than in adults, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Liver involvement in COVID-19 and its severity have not been clearly investigated. In this paper, we present an 11-year-old boy admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with COVID-19 diagnosis in combination with elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document