Oxidative stress in dairy cows naturally infected with the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. da Silva ◽  
A.S. da Silva ◽  
M.D. Baldissera ◽  
C.I. Schwertz ◽  
N.B. Bottari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the oxidative and anti-oxidant status in serum samples from dairy cows naturally infected by Dictyocaulus viviparus and its relation with pathological analyses. The diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by necropsy of one dairy cow with heavy infection by the parasite in the lungs and bronchi. Later, blood and faeces were collected from another 22 cows from the same farm to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities on day 0 (pre-treatment) and day 10 (post-treatment with eprinomectin). Faecal examination confirmed the infection in all lactating cows. However, the number of D. viviparus larvae per gram of faeces varied between animals. Cows showed different degrees of severity according to respiratory clinical signs of the disease (cough and nasal secretion). Further, they were classified and divided into two groups: those with mild (n = 10) and severe disease (n = 12). Increased levels of TBARS (P < 0.001), ROS (P = 0.002) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), as well as reduced CAT activity (P < 0.001) were observed in cows with severe clinical signs of the disease compared to those with mild clinical signs. Eprinomectin treatment (day 10) caused a reduction of ROS levels (P = 0.006) and SOD activity (P < 0.001), and an increase of CAT activity (P = 0.05) compared to day 0 (pre-treatment). TBARS levels did not differ with treatment (P = 0.11). In summary, increased ROS production and lipid peroxidation altered CAT and SOD activities, as an adaptive response against D. viviparus infection, contributing to the occurrence of oxidative stress and severity of the disease. Treatment with eprinomectin eliminated the infection, and thus minimized oxidative stress in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Haematological Blood Parameters at Different Stages of Lactation in Cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Ovidiu COROIAN ◽  
Vioara MIRESAN ◽  
Aurelia COROIAN ◽  
Camelia RADUCU ◽  
Luisa ANDRONIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Blood Biochemical

The health status of cows is evaluated and depending on haematological and biochemical profile of blood. Nutrition is the main technological factor that can produce profound changes in the metabolic profile in animals (Dhiman et al., 1991; Khaled et al., 1999; Ingvartsen, 2006). Blood parameters analyze can lead to identify if there are errors in nutrition of lactating cows (Payne et al., 1970). The aim of this study was the evaluation of metabolic and biochemical changes that occur during colostrum period and in terms of number of lactations in cows. The biological material was represented by a total of 60 heads of dairy cows from a family farm from Sălaj County, Romania. The cows are all from Holstein breed and presented no clinical signs of any specific pathology. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cow and analyzed. 10 individuals from each of the six lactations have been randomly selected. Haematological and biochemical parameters showed variations depending on factors analyzed here. In lactation 1 Hb was 7.55±3.05 (g/dl), while in lactation 6 the value was 12.5±2.10 (g/dl). RBC ranged as follows: in lactation 1 - 28.50±2.05 and in lactation 6 - 30.02±2.05. Lymphocytes varied within very wide limits under the influence of lactation: in lactation 1 - 2.8±1.56 and in lactation 6 - 7.55±1.80. The number of lactations and lactation rank have influenced blood biochemical and hematological parameters in dairy cows. Biochemical parameters are influenced by post-partum day, showing the lowest values in the early days of colostral period and the highest in the last few days of the same period.

scholarly journals Effects of Super Nutritional Hepatic Copper Accumulation on Hepatocyte Health and Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie M. Strickland ◽  
Doug Lyman ◽  
Lorraine M. Sordillo ◽  
Thomas H. Herdt ◽  
John P. Buchweitz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Hepatic Copper

Concerns regarding excessive hepatic copper concentrations in dairy cows have increased. The objective of this study was to determine the association of hepatic copper concentrations with evidence of liver disease. Blood and liver samples were collected at the time of slaughter in cull dairy cows (n=100). Liver samples were analyzed for copper using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and crude fat using liquid-liquid extraction and gravimetry. Serum samples were analyzed for glutamate dehydrogenase,γ-glutamyltransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase activities, and bile acid concentrations. Liver samples were examined histologically for inflammation, fibrosis, and rhodanine staining. Animals were stratified by hepatic copper concentration and samples in the highest and lowest quintiles (Q5 and Q1) were evaluated for oxidative stress. Systemic indices of oxidative stress included serum reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and total antioxidant potential (AOP). Tissue-level oxidative stress was assessed by immunohistochemistry using 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NIT) stains to score the relative abundance and distribution of oxidized lipid and protein products, respectively. Mean hepatic copper concentration was 496.83μg/g and median 469.72μg/g and ranged from 70.56 to 1264.27μg/g dry tissue. No association was found between hepatic copper concentrations and clinicopathological or histological evidence of hepatic damage or dysfunction. There was a significant increase in the amount of IHC staining of 4HNE and 3NIT in Q5 compared with Q1. Moreover, the IHC staining mirrored the distribution of the copper-specific stain rhodanine. These results demonstrate that cows with elevated hepatic copper concentrations had no evidence of active liver disease but had increased hepatic oxidative stress.

The Neuroprotective Effect of Picroside II from Hu-Huang-Lian against Oxidative Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Jian-Wen Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Zhang ◽  
Ming-Chuan Guo ◽  
Guang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Picroside Ii ◽  
Pre Treatment

Picroside II is an active constituent extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Hu-Huang-Lian. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of picroside II, PC12 cells were treated with glutamate in vitro and male ICR mice were treated with AlCl 3in vivo. Pre-treatment of PC12 cells with picroside II could enhance the cell viability and decrease the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glutamate. By DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry assay, picroside II (1.2 mg/ml) significantly prevented glutamate-induced cell apoptosis. In the animal study, amnesia was induced in mice by AlCl 3 (100 mg/kg/d, i.v.). Pricroside II, at the dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg/d (i.g.), markedly ameliorated AlCl 3-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and attenuated AlCl 3-induced histological changes. This was associated with the significant increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain of experimental mice. All these results indicated that picroside II possessed the therapeutic potential in protecting against neurological injuries damaged by oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Dorema glabrum on Induced Oxidative Stress by Diazinon in Hippocampus of Rat

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mina Adampourezare ◽  
Parisa Sistani ◽  
Homeira Hatami Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Introduction: Diazinon (DZN) administration produces lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress in the brain. Some medicinal plants such as Dorema glabrum has antioxidant properties, so can be used as an antioxidant that may protect neurons from oxidative stress. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of D. glabrum against DZN-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats randomly were divided into four groups including a control group, and two groups received different doses of D. glabrum (40 and 80 mg/kg) as pre-treatment for 21 days with DZN (100 mg/Kg) that was injected intraperitoneally (ip) in last day of D. glabrum usage, and one group received only DZN. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which are the indicators of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) were determined in the ratsʼ hippocampus. Results: Administration of DZN significantly increased TBARS levels and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity but there were no significant changes in catalase activity in the hippocampus. Combined D. glabrum and DZN treatment, caused a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase, a significant decrease of TBARS and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and again no significant changes in catalase activity in the rats’ hippocampus when compared to the rats treated with DZN. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that D. glabrum had an amelioratory effect on oxidative stress induced by DZN.

Oxidative stress indicators in populations of the gastropod Buccinanops globulosus affected by imposex

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Primost ◽  
S. E. Sabatini ◽  
P. Di Salvatore ◽  
M. C. Ríos De Molina ◽  
G. Bigatti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Penis Length ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

The gastropod Buccinanops globulosus is commonly used as a bioindicator of tributyltin (TBT) contamination due to its high imposex incidence in maritime traffic areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate both oxidative stress in B. globulosus at three sites with different maritime activity, and imposex incidence in Nuevo Gulf, Argentina. Oxidative stress parameters in digestive glands, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, reduced glutathione levels (GSH), and oxidative damage to lipids, estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) as well as imposex parameters (% imposex and female penis length (FPL)) were measured in females. Gastropods from the harbour area showed 100% imposex, the highest FPL and TBARs content, as well as GSH levels and SOD activity.The different oxidative stress responses and high imposex incidence at the harbour site may indicate a negative effect on the organism's physiological state due to environmental pollution.

Effect of selenium pre-treatment on plasma antioxidant vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-tocopherol) in static magnetic field-exposed rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Ghodbane ◽  
Salem Amara ◽  
Josiane Arnaud ◽  
Catherine Garrel ◽  
Henri Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Pre Treatment

In the present study, we evaluate the effect of the co-exposure to static magnetic field (SMF) and selenium (Se) on the antioxidant vitamins A and E levels and some other parameters of oxidative stress in rat. Sub-acute exposure of male adult rats to a uniform SMF (128 mT, 1 h/day during 5 consecutive days) increased plasma activity of glutathione peroxidase (+35%) but decreased α-tocopherol (−67%) and retinol levels (−41%). SMF exposure failed to alter the plasmatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARs), total thiol groups and selenium concentrations. Sub-chronic administration of Se (Na2SeO3, 0.2 mg/L, for 30 consecutive days, per os) ameliorated the antioxidant capacities in SMF-treated rats. Our investigation demonstrated that sub-acute exposure to SMF induced oxidative stress, which may be prevented by a pretreatment with selenium.

scholarly journals The clinical and serological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in blood and milk serums of lactating cows by IDEXX ELISA test in Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces/Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hams Hussain Hashim Al-Fattli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
High Infection ◽  
First Time

Objectives This study was conducted to disclose the specific antibodies against M. bovis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in blood and milk serum samples, with detection of the most prevalent clinical signs in positive cows.Methods In some rural areas of two Iraqi provinces (Wasit and Dhi-Qar), 119 lactating cows were submitted to the clinical examination with obtaining of blood and milk to tested by using the IDEXX ELISA test.Results The overall seroprevalence in blood and milk was (20.16%) and (15.12%), respectively. In Wasit, the prevalence was (22.85%) and (15.71%), while in Dhi-Qar, the prevalence was (16.32%) and (14.28%) in blood and milk, respectively. As well as, marked significant differences in seroprevalence were observed between and within the two study’s provinces and samples. According to clinical examination, a significant rising (P > 0.05) was revealed in respiratory disorders, decreasing in milk production, emaciation, rough hair coat and repetitive reproductive problems, whilst a significant decreasing (P < 0.05) in persistent feces abnormalities, mastitis, lymph nodes enlargement and loss of appetite.Conclusion The study demonstrated, for the first time in Iraq, the efficient of IDEXX ELISA, as a screening test in the detection of bTB in lactating cows by using blood and milk serum samples, and the competence of milk, as sample, in exhibition of infection. Also, the study exposed the high infection rate of bTB in cows of rural areas of Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces.

scholarly journals A whey-based glutathione-enhancing diet decreases allergen-induced airway contraction in a guinea-pig model of asthma

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1465-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kloek ◽  
E. Mortaz ◽  
I. Van Ark ◽  
N. Bloksma ◽  
J. Garssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Asthmatic Reaction ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
First Time

Since an allergen-induced early asthmatic reaction is likely to be accompanied by oxidative stress and since levels of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione can be enhanced by a whey-based diet (undenatured whey protein concentrate, UWPC), it was investigated whether UWPC could alleviate allergen-induced lung contractions. Guinea pigs were fed water or UWPC twice a day starting at day − 3 up to day 20. The animals were sensitised to ovalbumin or received saline on day 0. Serum samples were taken at several days after sensitisation to measure allergen-specific IgG. On day 20, lungs were isolated and perfused with buffer containing the allergen ovalbumin. Airway contractions were assessed, and mediators and indicators for oxidative stress were measured in the lung effluent. Moreover, glutathione levels were determined in the liver. The indicator of oxidative stress and airway contractile mediator, 8-iso-PGF2α, was increased upon ovalbumin challenge in ovalbumin-sensitised groups. Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were increased as well. Sensitisation with ovalbumin increased IgG levels from day 12 up to day 20, which were not influenced by the UWPC diet. In contrast, the UWPC diet significantly enhanced glutathione levels in the liver. Moreover, the UWPC diet significantly reduced the ovalbumin-induced anaphylactic response by 45 % and decreased PGE2 levels by 55 % in the effluent fluid. We show for the first time that during anaphylaxis, there is acute oxidative stress in the respiratory tract. The UWPC diet did not influence the sensitisation response to the allergen but did increase endogenous glutathione levels. The UWPC diet profoundly reduces allergen-induced airway constrictions, which opens new avenues for dietary management of allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Increased Oxidative Stress and Imbalance in Antioxidant Enzymes in the Brains of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane B. Ceretta ◽  
Gislaine Z. Réus ◽  
Helena M. Abelaira ◽  
Karine F. Ribeiro ◽  
Giovanni Zappellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system (SNC) as well as alterations in oxidative stress. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan on memory and oxidative stress. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by using a single injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg), and fifteen days after induction, the rats memory was evaluated through the use of the object recognition task. The oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the rat brain. The results showed that diabetic rats did not have alterations in their recognition memory. However, the results did show that diabetic rats had increases in the levels of superoxide in the prefrontal cortex, and in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in the prefrontal cortex and in the amygdala in submitochondrial particles. Also, there was an increase in protein oxidation in the hippocampus and striatum, and in TBARS oxidation in the striatum and amygdala. The SOD activity was decreased in diabetic rats in the striatum and amygdala. However, the CAT activity was increased in the hippocampus taken from diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings illustrate that the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan did not cause alterations in the animals’ recognition memory, but it produced oxidants and an imbalance between SOD and CAT activities, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes.

Access to shade reduces DNA damage of Holstein cows under mild heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
A. S. de Abreu ◽  
V. Fischer ◽  
A. Thaler ◽  
M. T. Stumpf ◽  
F. Petronilho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mild Heat

Context The effect of heat stress on the production and physiology of lactating dairy cows is well documented in literature. However, little is known about the effect of the provision of shade on DNA damage. Aims The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of shade provision on physiological, oxidative-stress, and DNA-strand damage in dairy cows exposed to mild heat stress. Methods The study was conducted at Lages, SC, Brazil, during 15 days in a southern hemisphere summer (January and February), with 14 lactating Holstein (n = 10) and Holstein × Jersey crossbreed (n = 4) dairy cows. Animals were randomly allocated to two groups of seven animals each (named as shaded and unshaded). These two groups were evaluated in the following three different periods: pre-stress period (5-day duration), stress period (4-day duration) and post-stress period (6-day duration). Shaded cows had free access to shade throughout the study; unshaded cows were prevented from accessing shade only in the stress period. Physiological (rectal temperature, heart and respiratory frequencies and panting score) and DNA-damage parameters (through Comet assay), as well as oxidative stress (in blood: carbonyl content, nitrite:nitrate ratio, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) were evaluated. Key results In the stress period, shade deprivation resulted in higher values of respiratory rate, indicating that cows were under heat stress. In addition, DNA-damage levels were higher in this circumstance, probably due to inhibition of the DNA-repair systems by the thermal stress as well as thermal stress acting as a DNA-damage agent. Conclusions In a high-altitude subtropical region, during the hot season, shade provision decreases solar radiation heating effects and, thus, reduces DNA damage and the negative effects on cow metabolism and cell structure. Implications Shade effects on cow metabolism and cell structure must be taken into consideration in the planning of dairy farms and our results suggest that shade availability must not be disregarded, even in situations of mild heat stress.

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