Increased Oxidative Stress and Imbalance in Antioxidant Enzymes in the Brains of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system (SNC) as well as alterations in oxidative stress. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan on memory and oxidative stress. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by using a single injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg), and fifteen days after induction, the rats memory was evaluated through the use of the object recognition task. The oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the rat brain. The results showed that diabetic rats did not have alterations in their recognition memory. However, the results did show that diabetic rats had increases in the levels of superoxide in the prefrontal cortex, and in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in the prefrontal cortex and in the amygdala in submitochondrial particles. Also, there was an increase in protein oxidation in the hippocampus and striatum, and in TBARS oxidation in the striatum and amygdala. The SOD activity was decreased in diabetic rats in the striatum and amygdala. However, the CAT activity was increased in the hippocampus taken from diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings illustrate that the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan did not cause alterations in the animals’ recognition memory, but it produced oxidants and an imbalance between SOD and CAT activities, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes.

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Olive cake reduces glycaemia and lipemia and increases antioxidant enzymes in STZ-induced diabetes in rat erythrocytes and tissues

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-03-2019-0080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 360-372

Author(s):

Hayet Cherrad ◽

Sherazede Bouderbala ◽

Yahiaoui Zidan ◽

Djamil Krouf

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Heart Muscle ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Olive Cake ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Content Type ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of olive cake (CO) on glycaemia and lipemia and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes and tissues, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Design/methodology/approach Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg BW). In total, 12 diabetic D rats, weighing 260 ± 20 g, were divided into two groups fed a casein diet supplemented (D-OC) or not (D) with OC (7.5 per cent), for four weeks. Findings In D-OC compared with D, glycaemia, total cholesterol and triglycerides values (−40 per cent; p = 0.007, 27 per cent; p = 0.007 and −27 per cent; p = 0.0019). In erythrocyte, liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents were respectively, (−19 per cent; p = 0.03, −32 per cent; p = 0.002, −20 per cent; p = 0.04, −68 per cent; p = 0.003, −74 per cent; p = 0.0003 and −38 per cent; p = 0.04). In erythrocyte, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were respectively, (+14 per cent; p = 0.01, +74 per cent; p = 0.012 and +34 per cent; p = 0.0009). In the liver, kidney, heart and muscle, SOD activity was respectively, (+31 per cent; p = 0.004, +12 per cent; p = 0.038, +43 per cent; p = 0.001 and +23 per cent; p = 0.18). GSH-Px activity was respectively, (+121 per cent; p = 0.0009, 89 per cent; p = 0.0006, + 95 per cent; p = 0.008, +71 per cent; p = 0.02 and +26 per cent; p = 0.01), in the liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain. Catalase activity was (+21 per cent; p = 0.008) in the liver, (+88 per cent; p = 0.0002 in the kidney, +53 per cent; p = 0,002 in the heart and 83 per cent; p = 0.00004 in the muscle). Originality/value In diabetic rats, OC reduces hyperglycaemia induced by STZ and attenuates triglyceridemia and cholesterolemia. This residue is able to decrease the oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activity in erythrocytes and tissues. The high contents of phytoconstituents present in OC are considered to be responsible for this effect.

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Cardioprotective effects of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum) seed extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research ◽

10.34172/jcvtr.2021.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 28-36

Author(s):

Soleyman Bafadam ◽

Maryam Mahmoudabady ◽

Saeed Niazmand ◽

Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee ◽

Mohammad Soukhtanloo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Male Rats ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Fenugreek Seed ◽

Cardioprotective Effects

Introduction: Inadequate control of diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to considerable cardiovascular implications like diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is one of the main mechanisms of DCM pathogenesis associated with hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia and several other factors. Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) has been long used as a traditional medicine and has many therapeutic effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate cardioprotective effects of fenugreek seed on diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in forty-two male rats by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/ kg). Diabetic animals were treated with three different doses of fenugreek seed extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or metformin (300 mg/kg) for six weeks by gavage. Nondiabetic rats served as controls. Glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were measured in the blood samples, and oxidative stress markers as well as gene expression of ICAM1, Bax and Bcl2 were assessed in the cardiac tissues of the experimental groups. Results: Diabetic rats exhibited increased serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, elevated markers of oxidative stress thiobarbituric acid–reacting substances (TBARS) levels , total thiol groups (SH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and enhanced apoptosis cell death (ratio of Bax/Bcl2). Fenugreek seed extract considerably improved metabolism abnormalities, attenuated oxidative stress and diminished apoptosis index. Conclusion: Our study suggests that fenugreek seed may protect the cardiac structure in STZ-induced diabetic rats by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis.

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Antidiabetics in combination with hydroxychloroquine improve antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v18i1.23521 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Shaheda Zannah ◽

Monirul Islam ◽

Yusuf Ali ◽

Md Asaduzzaman ◽

Md Shahid Sarwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Pancreatic Cells ◽

Additional Protection ◽

Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽

Glutamate Pyruvate ◽

Serum Glutamate

Hyperglycemia exerts toxic effects on the pancreatic ?-cells. This study investigated the hypothesis that the antidiabetic drugs glibenclamide and metformin, in combination with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) offer additional protection for the pancreas against oxidative stress and produce hepatoprotective effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Long-Evans rats by a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg; i.p.). Different groups of diabetic animals were treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/70 kg, i.p.), metformin (850 mg/70 kg, i.p.), HCQ (300 mg/70 kg, i.p.) and combination of both glibenclamide and metformin with HCQ, separately for a period of 28 days. Diabetic rats had significantly elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), while catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly reduced. Glibenclamide and metformin produced no significant effects on antioxidant enzymes but both showed significant (p<0.05) result in reducing SGOT and SGPT level in diabetic rats. In contrast, the combination of glibenclamide or metformin with HCQ showed better effect on up-regulation of CAT and SOD activity and down-regulation of SGOT and SGPT activity in comparison with the antidiabetic drug alone. These findings suggest that, HCQ potentiates the effect of glibenclamide and metformin to protect pancreas against oxidative stress and produce hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 72-77, 2015

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Fortified Extract of Red Berry,Ginkgo biloba, and White Willow Bark in Experimental Early Diabetic Retinopathy

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2013/432695 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Claudio Bucolo ◽

Giuseppina Marrazzo ◽

Chiara Bianca Maria Platania ◽

Filippo Drago ◽

Gian Marco Leggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

White Willow ◽

Willow Bark

Diabetic retinopathy is a complex condition where inflammation and oxidative stress represent crucial pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. Aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a fortified extract of red berries,Ginkgo bilobaand white willow bark containing carnosine andα-lipoic acid in early retinal and plasma changes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin injection in Sprague Dawley rats. Diabetics and nondiabetic (control) rats were treated daily with the fortified extract for the ten days. Retina samples were collected and analyzed for their TNF-αand VEGF content. Moreover, plasma oxidative stress was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). Increased TNF-αand VEGF levels were observed in the retina of diabetic rats. Treatment with the fortified extract significantly lowered retinal cytokine levels and suppressed diabetes-related lipid peroxidation. These data demonstrate that the fortified extract attenuates the degree of retinal inflammation and plasma lipid peroxidation preserving the retina in early diabetic rats.

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Spirulina maxima and its effect on antioxidant activity in fructose induced oxidative stress with histopathological observations

Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae ◽

10.1515/afpuc-2015-0027 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Urmila Jarouliya ◽

Anish Zacharia ◽

Raj K. Keservani ◽

Godavarthi B.K.S Prasad

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Spirulina Maxima

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to explore the antioxidant effect of Spirulina maxima in rat model along with the histopathological observations. Diabetes was induced by feeding 10% fructose solution orally to Wistar rats (n = 6) for 30 days, analysed for plasma blood glucose and the markers of the oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)]. These biochemical studies were associated with histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections. The microalga Spirulina maxima being rich in proteins and other essential nutrients is widely used as a food supplement. S. maxima at a dose of 5 and 10% per kg and the metformin (500 mg/kg) as reference drug were given orally for 30 days to the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed significant (p < 0.001) elevations in plasma blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and significant reduction in catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activity. Oral administration of 5 and 10% aqueous extract of S. maxima for 30 days restored not only of blood glucose levels but also markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological observations of tissues manifested that the S. maxima administration had the protective and therapeutic effects against fructose-induced abnormalities in diabetic rats. It is concluded that S. maxima is effective in reinstating the antioxidant activity in addition to its antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Purple Grape Juice (Vitis Labrusca) against Temozolamide Treatment in Rat Brains

Beverages ◽

10.3390/beverages4040099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Tatiane Gabardo ◽

Marina Rocha Frusciante ◽

Jessica Pereira Marinho ◽

Manuela dos Santos ◽

Ana Abujamra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Protein Oxidation ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Sod Activity ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Considering that grape juice has high levels of phenolic compounds that produce beneficial physiological effects, important for the maintenance of redox balance, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro neuroprotective effect of purple grape juice on the oxidative damage caused by temozolomide (TMZ) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of Wistar rats. In pre-incubation, TMZ increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, enhanced protein oxidation in all tissues studied, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the hippocampus, decreased SOD activity in the cerebellum, and enhanced catalase (CAT) activity in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. In co-incubation, there was enhanced protein oxidation in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, decreased SOD activity in the cerebellum, inhibition of CAT activity in the hippocampus, and increased CAT activity in the cerebellum. Purple grape juice improved these oxidative alterations. Therefore, the intake of grape juice might have a protective effect against diseases that affect the oxidative status of the central nervous system.

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Effects ofPistacia atlanticaon Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzymes Expression in Diabetic Rats

Journal of the American College of Nutrition ◽

10.1080/07315724.2018.1482577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shahrokh Bagheri ◽

Mostafa Moradi Sarabi ◽

Peyman Khosravi ◽

Reza Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi ◽

Saeid Veiskarami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers

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Antioxidant Responses and Lipid Peroxidation of Penaeus Indicus Postlarvae Subjected to Sublethal Copper Exposure

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/156854011x587496 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 84 (10) ◽

pp. 1197-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Copper Toxicity ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽

Coastal Marine ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Penaeus Indicus

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of sublethal copper concentrations on certain antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in the postlarvae (PL) of Penaeus indicus when subjected to short- and long-term exposure in the laboratory. The PL of P. indicus were exposed to 0.1641 ppm (sublethal) copper for a period of 30 days along with a parallel control. Sampling was carried out at six different time intervals, i.e., 24, 48, and 96 hrs (shortterm), and 10, 20, and 30 days (long-term). Variations in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as lipid peroxidation products (LPP) were measured as biomarkers of metal toxicity. Our results showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in LPP (indicating oxidative stress) and CAT activity (indicating an adaptive response of the PL for protection against oxidative stress) in the exposed PL for all periods of exposure. However, SOD activity significantly (P < 0.05) decreased on 20 and 30 days exposure, indicating susceptibility of the PL to oxidative stress upon long-term exposure. Therefore, CAT can serve as a better biomarker of oxidative stress than SOD to long-term copper toxicity. Our results indicate that copper contamination causes oxidative stress even at sublethal doses in Penaeus indicus PL, which can thus be used as a potential biomarker of copper toxicity for long-term monitoring of coastal marine ecosystems.

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Effect of Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Replacement Therapies on Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Uremic Patients

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/358985 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Hadja Fatima Tbahriti ◽

Abbou Kaddous ◽

Malika Bouchenak ◽

Khedidja Mekki

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Study Groups ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Severe Stage

Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the path physiology of cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we determined the effect of different stages of CKD and substitutive therapies on oxidative stress. One hundred sixty-seven patients (age:44±06years; male/female: 76/91) with CKD were divided into 6 groups according to the National Kidney Foundation classification. Prooxidant status was assessed by assaying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides, and protein carbonyls. Antioxidant defence was performed by analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, vitamin E, Iron, and bilirubin. TBARS and LPO were higher in HD patients compared to other groups (P<0.001), while protein carbonyls were more increased in PD patients. The antioxidant enzymes were declined already at severe stage of CKD and they were declined notably in HD patients (P<0.001). Similar observation was found for vitamin E, Fe, and bilirubin where we observed a significant decrease in the majority of study groups, especially in HD patients (P<0.001). The evolution of CKD was associated with elevated OS. HD accentuates lipid, while PD aggravates protein oxidation. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was altered by impaired renal function and by both dialysis treatments.

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Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on DNA Damage, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Oxidative Stress in Middle-Age Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.6.1.43 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

J.A. Goon ◽

A.H. Noor Aini ◽

M. Musalmah ◽

M.Y. Yasmin Anum ◽

W.M. Wan Nazaimoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Tai Chi Exercise ◽

Sedentary Subjects ◽

Damaged Dna

Background:The biochemical mechanisms involving oxidative stress to explain the relationship between exercise and healthy aging are still unclear.Methods:Tai Chi participants and matched sedentary volunteers age 45 and above were enrolled. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities; levels of DNA damage using the comet assay; and malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) were determined at 0, 6, and 12 months.Results:Tai Chi subjects had decreased normal and increased mildly damaged DNA with elevated GPx activity after 6 months (n = 25). Plasma MDA and AGE concentrations decreased significantly after 12 months (n = 15) accompanied by increased SOD activity. This may be attributed to the hormesis effect, whereby mild induction of oxidative stress at the first 6 months of exercise resulted in stimulation of antioxidant defenses. These parameters were unchanged in the sedentary subjects in the first 6 months (n = 27) except for elevated SOD activity. After 12 months, the sedentary subjects (n = 17) had decreased normal DNA and increased severely damaged DNA with unaltered MDA and AGE levels while SOD and GPx activities were significantly elevated.Conclusion:Regular Tai Chi exercise stimulated endogenous antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative damage markers.

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