Prevalence and aetiology of profound deafness in the general population of Sichuan, China

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhong Liu ◽  
Lirong Xu ◽  
Silig Zhang ◽  
Yin Xu
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Profound Deafness ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Hill

AbstractPeople with profound deafness were surveyed in the general population of Sichuan. The results showed that the overall prevalence in Sichuan was 0.186 per cent (236/126 876) of the general population, males 0.2 12 per cent (135/63 741), females 0.159 per cent (101/63 135) (p 0.05). Two hundred and fifteen (92 per cent) cases were older than 10 years, but 227 (96 per cent) lost their hearing under the age of 10 years, 192 (80 per cent) under five years, and 104 (44 per entwere congenital). There was no significant difference in prevalence of deafness between the population located in urban and rural areas. However, the population living in the flat area and mountain area had a much higher prevalence than that of the hill people (p 0.05). Amongst the nationalities investigated, there existed significant differences in prevalence. Both the population of the Hui and the Lisu presented a significantly higher prevalence of profound deafness than that of the others. In aetiology, genetic factors may account for 43 per cent (101/236) of the cases, amongst which, autosomal recessive (AR) deafness is 92 per cent (95/104) and autosomal dominant (AD) 5.4 per cent. Environmental factors were thought to be responsible for 35.6 per cent (84/236) of cases, including infectious diseases (31 per cent), ototoxic antibiotics (2.6 per cent), injury (1.7 per cent), and asphyxia (0.4 per cent). The number of cases of unknown origin were 20.3 per cent. It is suggested that, in China, the importance of genetic factors in hearing impairment should be emphasized. In addition, infectious diseases and ototoxicity play an important role in causing deafness.

scholarly journals Determinants of Marriage Stability among Married Couples in North-Central Nigeria Implication for Counselling

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Anna Onoyase Ph.D
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
North Central ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marriage Stability ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Research Assistants

<em><em>The study investigated determinants of marriage stability among married couples in North Central Nigeria. In order to carry out this study, four hypotheses were formulated. An instrument known as “Determinants of Marriage Stability Questionnair (DOMSQ)” was constructed by the researcher and used to collect information from the field. The instrument had content and facial validity and its reliability coefficient is 0.87. The investigator used eight research assistants to administer nine hundred and ninety copies of the questionnaire on the respondents in Kogi and Benue States. Nine hundred and eighty three copies were retrieved from the respondents indicating 99.3 percent return rate. The researcher collated the information got from the field work and the Z statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that, there was no significant difference between male and female married couples in their identification of childlessness as determinant of marriage stability, there was no significant difference between married couples in the urban and rural areas in their identification of sexual satisfaction as determinant of marriage stability, there was no significant difference between old and young married couples in their identification of cultural background as determinant of marriage stability, there was no significant difference between married couples from Kogi and Benue States in their identification of communication as determinant of marriage stability. One of the recommendations is that couples who are faced with the problem of childlessness should seek medical assistance and also be positive about such outcome.</em></em>

The Evaluation of the Awareness, Attitude and Practice of the Elderly Toward Self-Medication: A Cross-Sectional Study

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (08) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Mansureh Borujeni ◽  
Mansour Ghafourifard ◽  
Rahim Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of various diseases in the elderly has increased the use of drugs, which is coupled with age-related physiological changes and places the elderly at risk for multiple side effects. The present study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes and practices of elderly towards self-medication. Materials and Methods The sample included 300 participants over 60 years under any of the health centers in urban and rural areas of Abadeh city, who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaire including demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of the elderly and the checklist of drug intractable consumption. Results Based on the results, 76% of the elderly reported drug consumption. Regarding lifestyle, the average score of the elderly’s awareness for the elderly who lived with and without families were 78.6±14.2 and 69.2±13.6, respectively. In other words, a significant difference was observed between these two groups. In addition, there was a significant between the elderly’s performance score with and without family members about the self-medication (p=0.001). Conclusion Considering the increase in self-medication among the elderly, adherence to prescription criteria for drug among this age group is recommended. Finally, designing and implementing various educational programs in health education center is necessary for the elderly and their families for the purpose of improving awareness and practice.

Mediterranean diet adherence rates in Sicily, southern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2001-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
Stefano Marventano ◽  
Gabriele Giorgianni ◽  
Teodoro Raciti ◽  
Fabio Galvano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Low Educated

AbstractObjectiveTo assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet and nutrient intakes in a population of Sicily, southern Italy and to evaluate possible determinants, particularly socio-cultural and lifestyle factors.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUrban and rural areas of eastern Sicily.SubjectsBetween May 2009 and December 2010, 3090 adults were randomly recruited through the collaboration of fourteen general practitioners. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the MedDietScore. Nutrient intakes were assessed through the 24 h recall of the previous day's dietary intake.ResultsRural participants were barely more adherent to the Mediterranean diet than their urban counterparts (mean scores were 27·8 and 27·2, respectively, P = 0·037). The MedDietScore was correlated with intakes of MUFA, fibre and vitamin C, as well as with consumption of non-refined cereals, vegetables, fruit, meat, dairy products, alcohol and nuts. Regression analysis revealed that older and more educated people were more likely to be in the highest tertile of MedDietScore (OR = 1.90; 95 % CI 1·39, 2·59 and OR = 1·29; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·58, respectively). A significant difference in quantity (moderate) and quality (red wine and beer) of alcohol was found according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Finally, more active participants were 1·5 times more likely to form part of the high-adherence group.ConclusionsA slow but concrete moving away from traditional patterns has been observed in younger people and low educated people. Public health interventions should focus on these target populations in order to improve the quality of their diet.

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT OF TEACHING BASED HOSPITAL ONGOLE: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
T. Josna T. Josna ◽  
N. Rajesh N. Rajesh ◽  
K. Naga Sindhura K. Naga Sindhura ◽  
K. Hema Ravali K. Hema Ravali ◽  
N. Uma Jyothi N. Uma Jyothi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Department

Background: Psychiatric disorders are known to vary across time within the same population and also vary across populations. Most of the community-based Indian epidemiological studies are on point prevalence. The adult epidemiological finding that mental disorders have early ages of onset has created interest in the minds of psychiatrists. Children and adolescents are at high risk of developing mental disorders. Aim & objective: we are aimed at to conduct of this study was to know the overall incidence and prevalence rate of various Psychiatric disorders in the Psychiatric department of teaching based hospitals and the objective of the study is to find out the incidence and prevalence of the predominant psychiatric disorder. To find the role of key factors like age, Education, Gender, environmental analysis, Marital status, and sleep pattern on the mental health status of Patients. Material & Methods: This study was conducted on 500 patients, both male and female were included in the study. ICD- 10 and DSM IV criteria tools were used. Statistical Analysis was done using appropriate tests like the “t” test and Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 500 Patients we are included in our study, males are 293(59%) and Females are 207 (41%). Depression shows the highest incidence of 7.0%. Schizophrenia shows the highest prevalence (17.6%) Chi-Square analysis indicated no significant difference in prevalence between the number of males and females.  There were no significant differences among the prevalence rates among the participants who belonged to middle-class urban and rural areas. Conclusion: Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, it intends to surmise clinical individuals and groups via placing general principles and researching specific cases. As a responsible clinical pharmacist, we have played a major role in the effective counseling of patients by using counseling aids. In this research, have a leading prevalence plus incidence of psychiatric disorders are detected.

Seroepidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in Bai and Han ethnic groups in southwestern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-L. LI ◽  
L. DONG ◽  
Q. LI ◽  
L. ZHANG ◽  
J. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYEating raw pork and/or liver is a custom of the Bai ethnic group in China. Most people living in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, southwestern China are of Bai ethnicity. Little is known of the seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin Bai and Han ethnic populations in this region. In the present survey, a total of 555 and 595 blood samples were obtained from Bai and Han ethnic groups in Dali urban and rural areas, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to examineT. gondiiIgG antibodies. Total positive rate of anti-T. gondiiIgG in Bai and Han groups in this region was 21·6% (248/1150). The total seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas significantly higher in the Bai ethnic group (32·3%, 179/555) than in the Han ethnic group (11·6%, 69/595) (P < 0·01). The results of statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between cat feeding/non-cat feeding groups in the Bai ethnic group, the most important risk factor was consumption of raw pork and/or liver for the Bai group, but feeding a cat may be the main route ofT. gondiiinfection for the Han group. Therefore, it is essential to implement integrated strategies to prevent and controlT. gondiiinfection in this unique region of the world.

scholarly journals EXTENT OF COUNSELORS EFFECTIVENESS IN POST PRIMARY INSTITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
EGBO ANTHONIA CHINONYELUM ◽  
ONUOMA LOVENAH IKODIYA ◽  
EGBO CHINONYE EMMANUELLA
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Primary Institutions

This study is an appraisal of counselors’ effectiveness in post primary institutions in Enugu State. This study adopted descriptive survey research deign. It was carried out in the six educational zones of Enugu state with a total of two hundred and seventy-five (275) government-owned secondary schools. The population for the study comprises a key officer each from all the two hundred and seventy-five (275) government owned secondary schools in Enugu State. Two hundred and seventy-five (275) is small and manageable as a sample for study. Hence, the researcher used all of them for the study. Therefore, no sampling was done. The researcher explored eight research questions and formulated two hypotheses on the comparison of the performance of counselors by gender and locations using t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The research questions were answered using means and standard deviations. It was found that the respondents generally had high perceptions of the counselors’ performance in each of their professional roles except with respect to the referral function. It was also found that there is no significant difference in the performance of male and female counselors in both urban and rural areas. Recommendations were made that counselors should be adequately motivated and that counselors should specialize on guidance and counseling services to improve their effectiveness in post primary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Status of Immunity Against the Hepatitis A Virus in Healthy Population: A Report From Southeastern Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Bakhshipour ◽  
Narjes Sargolzaie ◽  
Raheleh Rafaiee
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Recently, epidemiological studies on hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection showed the seroprevalence has been changing due to changes in lifestyle. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published data on the seropositivity of HAV in Zahedan, southeastern Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in Zahedan, southeastern Iran, to provide the required information for better planning in preventive strategies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using the available sampling method, a total of 250 serum samples (18 years and above) in both the urban and rural areas of Zahedan were evaluated for anti-HAV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Based on the results, it was observed that 228 out of 250 (91.2%) serum samples were positive for HAV IgG antibody. Male gender, family size, parents’ education, mother’s occupation, and history of jaundice before the age of 12 years were associated with positive HAV antibody (P < 0.001). The seroprevalence HAV rates were not statistically different between the residents of urban and rural regions. Conclusions: The seropositivity of HAV is high in both the urban and rural areas of Zahedan, Iran. Therefore, the HAV vaccination of the general population is not necessary. It is recommended to monitor HAV seroprevalence in the general population to determine high-risk groups, including anti-HAV seronegative individuals, for HAV vaccination in the residents of the southeast border.

scholarly journals Nitro BlueTetrazolium Chloride and Phagocytic Activity for Entamoeba Histolytica

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The NBT consist from two tetrazole molecules consider as the oxidative substance. The quantitative NBT test under standard conditions the leucocyte readiness is brooded together with NBT under standard conditions and declining of the color quantitated after extraction into pyridine is exceptionally valuable in the analysis by Spectro- photometry Entamoeba histolytica parasite induces apoptosis in host cells by for step(first)adherence to the host cell surface, (second) contact-subordinate cell killing, (third) start of phagocytosis so NBT used to determine percentage of phagocytosis for Entamoeba. Methods: This study was performed on 80 male they were divided to 25 control subjects and 55 subjects were diagnosed to be infected by Entamoeba histolytica at urban and rural areas in wassit province. Entamoeba histolytica and NBT were evaluated. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups (10.96±2.745) for control group and 19.63±3.617 in patients' group with confidence interval (7.056-10.29). P.value P<0.001 ratio minimum number was 7%, 13% for the control and patient groups. Conclusion: There were a significant increase in phagocytic activity of polymorph neaucler neutrophils (PMNs) for reduction of NBT stain

scholarly journals Does Damage from Natural Disaster Affect Child Labor? Evidence from Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Tito Sulistyo ◽  
Wildan Syafitri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Disasters, both natural and non-natural, can cause a severe impact on every life aspects in a country, including the economic aspect. In Indonesia, as a reaction of deteriorating economic conditions caused by disasters, households are often forced to adjust the declining of their real income by taking out their children from school thereby they can send them to work as a household buffer to shocks. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the natural disaster damage on the number of child labor and the differences of these impacts between urban and rural areas. By using cross section data from the fifth wave Indonesia Family Life Survey collected in 2014, we find that there is a positive relation between the natural disaster damage and the number of child labor, and then a significant difference between impacts in urban and rural areas. Policy implications of the findings are provided.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TINGKAT DEPRESI ANTARA LANSIA DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunjung Sri Yulianti ◽  
Anggit Ike Prascika
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Village

AbstractElderly will fail maintaining a balance of physiological conditions, thereby increasingvulnerability to depression. Factors that influence is the socio-economic changes, socialvalues, awareness among individuals and others. More urban environment isindividualistic and socioeconomic pressures are higher, while rural areas have theeducational background lower. The results showed not a few elderly people who returnedto the village because they felt pressured by the situation in the city, the elderly should bealone in the house and no neighbors who could be invited to communicate, so it isdifficult to be happy. But there are also elderly who live in the village reveal feelingdepressed and showed signs of depression. Purpose of the study to determine the levelof depression in the elderly in urban, rural and differences in the level of depressionamong the elderly who live in rural and urban areas.Subjects were elderly who live in the village of Palur Sukoharjo and Kampung SewuSurakarta. Methods of analytical study comparative research design. Measuringinstrument used is the Geriatric Depression Scale. Test data normality using theKolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Statistical test with independent t test.The results of the study obtained significancy value of t-test (two-tailed) 0.001.Conclusion of research is significant difference in rates of depression among the elderlyin urban and rural areas, the elderly in urban areas have higher levels of depression thanelderly people in rural areasKeywords: Elderly Depression Level, Rural, Urban

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