The Dynamics of Aymara Duality: Change and Continuity in Sociopolitical Structures in the Bolivian Andes

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASTVALDUR ASTVALDSSON
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Bolivian Andes ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Sociopolitical Structures ◽  
Different Levels

One of the most persistent and influential concepts in Andean studies during the last few decades has been that of dualism at different levels of Andean cultural and sociopolitical life. How dualism works and the manner in which it has evolved have been the subject of much debate. Within this context, Jesús de Machaqa in highland Bolivia has been recognised as a region of primary importance for investigation, because of its enduring socio-political structures. However, a study of its ‘traditional’ structure carried out in the 1970s showed that important changes had taken place. New studies of intra-communal structures and recent studies of Aymara spatial organisation, together with information held in colonial documents and oral traditions help to shed more light on the question of dualism. Drawing on all these sources, this article aims to contribute to wider debate by examining key aspects of the ‘traditional’ structure and setting out some of the methodological problems faced by those who seek to reconstruct the past of indigenous communities, in particular problems related to the combined use of colonial documents and oral traditions.

scholarly journals Hinduistiske helligsteder i religionsfænomenologisk og forskningsteoretisk belysning

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Reenberg Sand
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Different Levels

The subject of the present article is the tírthas or sacred places in Hinduism. The first part deals with the manifold concept of tírtha, by giving a general phenomenological analysis of the concept in relation to what is called hierophanies and theophanies, and by giving a geographical survey of the more well-known tírthas.The second part shows how the tírtha as a phenomenon reflects the problem of different levels in Hinduism. First the theories of M.N. Srinivas, concerning “spread” and “sanscritization”, and of R. Redfield and M. Singer, concerning the dichotomy between “the Great Tradition” and “the Little Tradition”, as well as some of the criticism of these theories are being discussed. Secondly, it is shown, by help of the results of the cultural geographer S.M. Bhardwaj, how the tírthas might be particularly helpful in the attempt to systematically uncover these levels.Finally, some more general considerations are set forth about the significance of these methodological problems for the more traditional, textually based History of Religion.

scholarly journals Fundamental Pedagogical Aspects for the Implementation of Models-Based Practice in Physical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7152
Author(s):  
Alejandra Hernando-Garijo ◽  
David Hortigüela-Alcalá ◽  
Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel ◽  
Sixto González-Víllora
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pedagogical Models ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Educational Field ◽  
Common Action

The implementation of pedagogical models (PMs) in the subject of Physical Education (PE) is presented as a pedagogical approach that is based on the educational context as a means to overcome the serious limitations that arise from traditional approaches. The effective implementation of this approach has demonstrated benefits in terms of student motivation, student involvement and improved learning. Thus, its application and international relevance, the variability of content covered, the possibility of replicability in a variety of contexts and the fact that it favors a reflective framework and common action by teachers are some of the reasons that justify its use. In this sense, the need for teacher training, as well as the intention to generate more scientific evidence based on its application in the classroom, are some of the key aspects to be taken into account for its implementation and consequent consolidation in the educational field.

Selected studies of the Menopause

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja M. McKinlay ◽  
John B. McKinlay
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Report ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject

SummaryLiterature on the subject of the menopause, primarily from the past three decades, is selectively reviewed in the form of an annotated bibliography. In order to highlight particular methodological problems, the review is presented in three sections, each preceded by a brief discussion, as follows: (a) the general report of clinical observation or experience, (b) the survey, and (c) the clinical trial. Several recommendations are also made for further research in this field.

Indigenous Knowledge & Intellectual Property: Negotiating the Spaces

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Terri Janke
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Communal Identity ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Policy Initiatives

Abstract Indigenous knowledge is an integral part of Indigenous cultural heritage. Knowledge about land, seas, places and associated songs, stories, social practices, and oral traditions are important assets for Indigenous communities. Transmitted from generation to generation, Indigenous knowledge is constantly reinterpreted by Indigenous people. Through the existence and transmission of this intangible cultural heritage, Indigenous people are able to associate with a communal identity. The recording and fixing of Indigenous knowledge creates intellectual property (IP), rights of ownership to the material which the written or recorded in documents, sound recordings or films. Intellectual property rights allow the rights owners to control reproductions of the fixed form. IP laws are individual based and economic in nature. A concern for Indigenous people is that the ownership of the intellectual property which is generated from such processes, if often, not owned by them. The IP laws impact on the rights of traditional and Indigenous communities to their cultural heritage. This paper will explore the international developments, case studies, published protocols and policy initiatives concerning the recording, dissemination, digitisation, and commercial use of Indigenous knowledge.

scholarly journals Radicalisation of Adolescents and Youth: In Search of Explanations

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Tikhonova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
A. Ernst-Vintila ◽  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of further investigation into the subject are outlined.

scholarly journals Ethnic peculiarities of fairy tale folklore of the bulgarians from Moldova as an element of traditional culture in a regional manifestation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadejda Cara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents some research approaches to the fairy-tale folklore of Bulgarians from the Republic of Moldova. According to the author, the fairy-tales texts of Bulgarians from the Republic of Moldova, their semantic, symbolic, and structural features should be researched as a local (regional) variant of Bulgarian folklore. Identification of ethnocultural markers in the fairy-tales of local Bulgarians on some different levels (such as on the subject, ethno-social and spiritual (church-religious) level) will allow to identify some peculiarities in the adaptation process of Bulgarians that migrated to a new ethnocultural zone, as well as to identify the level of preservation of basic ethnic mentality under the conditions of new “mental environment”. Thus, the study of regional ethnic culture is an interdisciplinary research, which allows discovering how localization in time and space affects ethnic culture, in general, and oral folk art, in particular.

scholarly journals Structure of the Russian institute of mediation: present, past, and future

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Olga Vecherina ◽  
Irina Borisovna Putalova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Community ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Further Development

This article is dedicated to examination of the traditional structure of the Russian institute of mediation and its possible transformations in light of the provisions of the new draft law “On Settlement of the Disputes Trough Mediation in the Russian Federation". Based on the principle of historicism and systemic analysis, the authors consider the established structure of the Institute, and highlight the three stages in development: latent, euphoria and stagnation. It is assumed that such peculiarities of development are substantiated by its implementation “from the top”. The current state of the institute of mediation, despite the fact that it remains at the “initial” level of development, can be characterizes as a years-long stagnation. Therefore, the draft of the new Federal Law on Mediation, developed by the Ministry of Justice, which in case of enactment significantly changes the structure and functional concept of mediation, became the subject of intense discussion within the professional community, since the intended radical reform is planned to be implemented “from the top”, without consideration of the opinion of professional community and interested stakeholders. Having analyzed separate elements of the institute of mediation and changes therein, the authors came to the following conclusions. One of the three key reasons for the established situation in the area of mediation is the low level of professional qualifications of mediators; incompetence of mediators impedes conducting mass mediation and further development of the institute of mediation. The second reason consists in incompetence and disunity of the professional community of mediators, absence of an authoritative body nationwide. The third reason lies in discrepancy of the development of two vectors of mediation — traditional and academic as a special trend in reconstructive approach. The presented analysis allows reassessing the current state and potential of the Russian Institute of mediation, as well as forecasting further ways of its development.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of the Ontogenetic Variability in Plasma Composition of Juvenile and Adult Bothrops jararaca Snakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen de Morais-Zani ◽  
Kathleen Fernandes Grego ◽  
Aparecida Sadae Tanaka ◽  
Anita Mitico Tanaka-Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
2D Electrophoresis ◽  
Plasma Composition ◽  
Venom Composition ◽  
Bothrops Jararaca ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Adult Plasma ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Levels

The ontogenetic variability in venom composition of some snake genera, including Bothrops, as well as the biological implications of such variability and the search of new molecules that can neutralize the toxic components of these venoms have been the subject of many studies. Thus, considering the resistance of Bothrops jararaca to the toxic action of its own venom and the ontogenetic variability in venom composition described in this species, a comparative study of the plasma composition of juvenile and adult B. jararaca snakes was performed through a proteomic approach based on 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, which allowed the identification of proteins that might be present at different levels during ontogenetic development. Among the proteins identified by mass spectrometry, antihemorrhagic factor Bj46a was found only in adult plasma. Moreover, two spots identified as phospholipase A2 inhibitors were significantly increased in juvenile plasma, which can be related to the higher catalytic PLA2 activity shown by juvenile venom in comparison to that of adult snakes. This work shows the ontogenetic variability of B. jararaca plasma, and that these changes can be related to the ontogenetic variability described in its venom.

Community management of burn injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Nader Henry ◽  
Ishan Radotra ◽  
Sheirin Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
Rapid Assessment Methods ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Aspects

Burn injuries are extremely common injuries for both adults and children, and yet knowledge of their management is often lacking in society and the subject is not routinely taught to clinicians. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the pertinent points of the history, classification of burns, and rapid assessment methods for determining body surface area within primary care. This is followed by key aspects of management, referral criteria for transfer to a burns service, and important safeguarding issues surrounding burns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document