Who Is Losing Out? Structural Adjustment, Gender, and the Agricultural Sector in Zambia

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Geisler
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In Zambia's first multi-party elections for two decades, the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (M.M.D.) won a landslide victory over Kenneth Kaunda's United Independence Party (U.N.I.P) on 31 October 1991. Many observers believe that the sweeping 80 per cent majority gained by Frederick Chiluba and his M.M.D. in both urban and rural areas was to a large degree due to the increasing economic hardships most Zambians have been subjected to over the last years. The opposition's slogan ‘The Hour Has Come’ captured the mood of many who had lost patience with the gross economic mismanagement and wastefulness that characterised the Government.

Renewal Patterns of the Administrative Office Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Xiao Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

With the commencement of the integration construction of urban and rural areas, Chinese rural structural adjustment is occurring. The government behaviors about merging townships bring a large number of vacant administrative office buildings. This paper aims to study the possibility and rationality about the administrative office building reuse in this context. How to renovate depends on the original building space characteristics and the new space requirements. The construction method includes the repair, replacement and increase. Finally, the example that the administrative office building transformed into the disabled care center in the Luonan County proves the possibility and rationality about the renewal patterns. This kind of renewal patterns will save construction costs, bring economic benefits and a good social effect.

scholarly journals EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS IN ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO 17 YEAR 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Mutia Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Education Personnel ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Access to education refers to the government regulation No. 17 of 2010 on the expansion and equitable access to education. Pemerintahah able to pursue that whole communities are able to obtain the same rights to education in both urban and rural areas. There are several products that include equity and equal access to education, namely; infrastructure standards, standards development level of achievement, the standard scope of development, lesson planning standards, standardized implementation of learning, learning assessment standards, standards kualisifikasi educators and education personnel, standardized management and financing standards. Further products in the distribution and access to education dianlisis from various perspectives, namely; economic analysis, political analysis, analysis of socio-cultural, and administrative analysis.

scholarly journals CONDITION AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Петр Акмаров ◽  
Petr Akmarov ◽  
Миршарип Газетдинов ◽  
Mirsharip Gazetdinov ◽  
Ольга Князева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government

The description of the main characteristics of the modern stage of development of information technology and global trends in digitalization is given. A brief information is given on the state of informatization in Russia as a whole, as well as in the country’s agriculture. A comparative analysis of the level of digitalization in rural areas and urban districts is given, the main reasons for the differences are highlighted. The necessity of information technologies development in the agricultural sector of the economy, as a factor in ensuring the country’s food security and a factor in the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, is substantiated. The features of intellectual agriculture, its benefits for producers and for the population are shown. The dynamics of innovative technologies development is given based on the digital economy in recent years with the release of lagging branches of the agro-industrial complex. The regional differentiation of digitalization of the economy among the population is shown, the interrelation of the informatization level of the population with the development of innovative technologies in the economy of the region is shown. Using the example of cellular communication development, the convergence of digitalization level in cities and villages of the country has been proved. The main problems hindering the information technologies development in agriculture and new solutions adopted at the level of the President and the Government of Russia on the development of informatization are highlighted. The most promising areas of agricultural transformation are shown, focused on the digitization of various aspects of the industry and infrastructure production and sales.

scholarly journals Fenomena Penuaan Petani dan Berkurangnya Tenaga Kerja Muda serta Implikasinya bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />Qualified human resources with a good commitment to develop agricultural sector is one of the determining factors toward sustainable agricultural development. However, agricultural development deals with significant issue especially reduction in the number of young farmers. This paper aims to review structural changes from perspective of aging farmer and declined number of young farmers in Indonesia and other countries. Specifically, this paper identifies various factors causing the changes and describes the policies needed to support young workers to enter agricultural sector. The method used in this paper is both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results show that aging farmers and young farmers decline in Indonesia keep increasing. The phenomena are also found in other countries in Asia, Europe, America and Australia. Various factors causing lack interest of young workers in agricultural sector, namely less prestigious, high risk, less assurance, unstable earning. Other factors are small size land holding, limited non-agricultural diversification and agricultural processing activities in rural areas, slow farm management succession, and lack of incentive for young farmers. To attract youth to enter agricultural sector, it is necessary to transform youth’s perception that agricultural sector currently is interesting and promising. The government needs to development agricultural industry in rural areas, introduces technology innovation, offers special incentives for young farmers, modernizes agriculture, and conducts training and empowerment of young farmers.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan memiliki komitmen membangun sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Namun, pembangunan pertanian menghadapi permasalahan cukup serius, yaitu jumlah petani muda terus mengalami penurunan, baik secara absolut maupun relatif, sementara petani usia tua semakin meningkat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah melakukan review tentang perubahan struktural tenaga kerja pertanian dilihat dari fenomena aging farmer dan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja usia muda sektor pertanian di Indonesia dan di berbagai negara lainnya, mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor penyebab perubahan tersebut, serta kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung tenaga kerja muda masuk ke  sektor pertanian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan tabulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya petani muda di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Kondisi seperti ini bukan hanya terjadi di Indonesia, namun juga di negara-negara lain di Asia, Eropa, dan Amerika.  Berbagai faktor penyebab menurunnya minat tenaga kerja muda di sektor pertanian, di antaranya citra sektor pertanian yang kurang bergengsi, berisiko tinggi, kurang memberikan jaminan tingkat, stabilitas, dan kontinyuitas pendapatan; rata-rata penguasaan lahan sempit; diversifikasi usaha nonpertanian dan industri pertanian di desa kurang/tidak berkembang; suksesi pengelolaan usaha tani rendah; belum ada kebijakan insentif khusus untuk petani muda/pemula; dan berubahnya cara pandang pemuda di era postmodern seperti sekarang. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk menarik minat pemuda bekerja di pertanian antara lain mengubah persepsi generasi muda bahwa sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang menarik dan menjanjikan apabila dikelola dengan tekun dan sungguh-sungguh, pengembangan agroindustri, inovasi teknologi,  pemberian insentif khusus kepada petani muda, pengembangan pertanian modern, pelatihan dan pemberdayaan petani muda, serta memperkenalkan pertanian kepada generasi muda sejak dini.

scholarly journals A Study of Water Resource Management in Urban and Rural Areas of Jabalpur District

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar Koshta ◽  
Ashu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

India is rich in natural water resources, but because of the uneven distribution of resources and improper management, the major part of the country suffers from drought almost every year. The present study is based upon the inappropriate management of water resources in the urban and rural area of Jabalpur. The present paper intends to find out the actual condition of management of water resources by the municipal corporation of Jabalpur, whether the citizens of Jabalpur are benefitted through the policies made by the government for the equal distribution of water resources, are the policies adequately implemented and monitored once they are made?The data has been collected from secondary and primary sources, and simple percentage method has been used to analyze the collected data. The outcome of the study reveals that the government is trying to manage the water resource and is concentrated on the equal distribution of water in both urban and rural areas. Many policies have been prepared by the local government, but ineffective monitoring is the leading cause of improper management of water resources.

Bringing the Internet to the Rural Area

2013 ◽  
pp. 438-460
Author(s):  
Zulkefli bin Ibrahim ◽  
Ainin Sulaiman ◽  
Tengku M. Faziharudean
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Malaysia aims to be an information society by the year 2020 can only be achieved if the mass population, that include those who live in the rural area, has the access to use the ICT. This is due to the uneven distribution of the basic telecommunication infostructure between the urban and rural areas in Malaysia that left the rural area to be at the disadvantage to access the ICT. Meanwhile, there are many programs that have been implemented by the government to encourage the rural population to use the Internet, such as ‘Kedaikom’, a community based telecenter serving the rural population. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate how ‘Kedaikom’ as a community based telecenter could assist in diffusing the usage of the ICT to the rural population. The result from the survey has indicated that the community telecenter could be used to bridge the digital divide between the underserved rural community and the well-accessed urban community. More of the rural population, especially from the younger generation and those with higher education background (irrespective of age) are using the community telecenter to be connected to the Internet.

Parental/Guardian Subsidization of Extra Tuition and the Marginalization of the Poor in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1459-1478
Author(s):  
David Makwerere ◽  
Donwell Dube
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Historical Developments

This chapter focused on the issues of social exclusion in the education sector in Zimbabwe. The primary focus was on the primary and secondary school education systems in the country. Using the lenses of the social exclusion concepts, the chapter looked at how the inequalities are informed by a chain of historical developments including colonialism, the effects of the Structural Adjustment Programmes of the 1990s, and the effects of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme, as well as the Indigenization and Economic Empowerment acts. The chapter submits that the children in urban high-density areas, farming, and rural areas are victims of structural inequalities that have led to social exclusion in the education sector. There is the need for the Government of Zimbabwe to address these inequalities as a matter of urgency.

Performance and Determinants of India’s GDP Since 1950: A Quantitative Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-131
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar Pandey ◽  
Annapurna Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programmes ◽  
Sector Service

he planned economic development during the 40 years period (1950-91) has showed a mixed scenario. For example per annum growth in GDP during first fifteen years 1950-65 was found at 4 percent while during the period 1967-80 it declined marginally and stood at merely 3.45 percent per annum. However the decade of eighties which witnessed improvement in Agricultural sector, Mining & Manufacturing sector, Service sector and Export sector has resulted in 5.46 per cent per annum growth in the GDP. In this connection it is significant to observe that the overall growth in GDP during the period 1950 to 1991 was not very impressive due to constant pulls and pressures. In the early 1991, Indian economy faced several economic crises, like fiscal imbalances, mounting inflationary pressures and severe balance of payment crisis etc. The congress government, which assumed office at the end of June 1991, responded quickly to these problems. As a rescue measure, a series of new policy measures were announced in July 1991 by the government of India. These are also known as Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) of 1991.The major thrust of present paper is to evaluate the performance (for the period 1950 to 2006) as well as determinants (for the period 1975 to 2006) of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indian economy.

RESURRECTION OF THE PRIVATE MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN CHINA: EXPERIENCE IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
EBEL WICKRAMANAYAKE ◽  
YAFANG CHEN ◽  
MING WEN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Socialist Market Economy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Capital Access ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The People's Republic of China initiated a reform programme in late 1970s to move from a socialist to a socialist market economy. The unemployment in urban areas and poor performances of the agricultural sector prompted to a great extent the introduction of reforms which paved the way for the resurrection of private micro-enterprises both in urban and rural areas. A comparison of the characteristics of these enterprises such as entrepreneurship, sources of capital, access to land and sites, technology, sources of raw materials, labour utilisation, type of activities and internal capital accumulation highlights their similarities and differences.

scholarly journals An empirical study on application and efficiency of gridded management in public service supply of Chinese Government

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai XiuYin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hanif ◽  
Li Fensheng ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad Hanif ◽  
Gu Yinhua
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Service Provision ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose Gridded management in the public service supply is still in the experience exploratory stage, and this paper aims to analyze the inherent logic and operation mode of the gridding mechanism of the public supply based on the existing theory study and practices, and verify its efficiency so as to come to the conclusion whether it could be promoted to a wider range. Design/methodology/approach The methodology applied in this paper was case study/deductive induction. Findings The grid model in the public service supply needs to be demonstrated completely in theoretical logic and operation principles before it is promoted across the country. Meanwhile, full support of the government is required in terms of service concept, function distribution, technical parameters and infrastructure. Research limitations/implications The inherent logic and operation mode of the gridding mechanism of the public service supply needs enough practice tests. The practical test of efficiency analysis of the gridding mechanism of the public service supply is not enough. Social implications This paper validated whether the gridding mechanism that originated from China’s urban management can be promoted to all over the country in the public service supply. It provides references for government policy. Originality/value This paper constructs a gridded management model for public service provision in urban and rural areas on the basis of an analysis of the plight of traditional model of public service provision, thus delivering the same standard of public service for both urban and rural areas through optimization of resource allocation without requiring more supply and fundamental change to the content of service.

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