Fecundity and brood loss in four species of fiddler crabs, genus Uca (Brachyura: Ocypodidae), in the mangroves of Inhaca Island, Mozambique

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Torres ◽  
Gil Penha-Lopes ◽  
Luís Narciso ◽  
Adriano Macia ◽  
José Paula
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
Average Brood

In this study, four species of fiddler crabs (Uca) at Inhaca Island, Mozambique, were studied: their fecundity determined and egg loss between the first and last embryonic development stage evaluated. Ovigerous female crabs were collected throughout February to March (wet season) of 2006, during day-time at low tide, in Ponta Rasa (U. annulipes and U. inversa) and Saco (U. chlorophthalmus and U. vocans) mangroves. Average brood size increased significantly with female and species size, ranging from 932 (CW = 8.51 mm) in U. annulipes, to 18,057 (CW = 23.5 mm) in U. vocans. The number of embryos decreased significantly over the incubation period for each species. Brood loss from embryonic stage I to stage IV for U. annulipes, U. inversa, U. chlorophthalmus and U. vocans was 12.3%, 14%, 43.2% and 23.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Positive allometry was recorded for all species in the early development stage, however, due to the higher relative brood loss in larger females (U. vocans), when comparing the number of embryos in late developmental stage, a negative allometry was possible to observe. The average volume of embryos at the same stage differed among species although significant differences were found between embryonic stages for all species. Embryo volume increased 96.1%, 93.3%, 92.9% and 96.3% in, respectively, U. annulipes, U. inversa, U. chlorophthalmus and U. vocans (P < 0.05). Differences in brood loss were attributed to habitat substrate and structure, stress factors and behavioural aspects.

scholarly journals The gravireceptor of Phycomyces. Its development following gravity exposure.

1984 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Dennison ◽  
W Shropshire
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Altered Gravity

The gravitropism of a mature stage IV Phycomyces sporangiophore has a shorter and more uniform latency if the sporangiophore is exposed horizontally to gravity during its earlier development (stage II and stage III). This early exposure to an altered gravitational orientation causes the sporangiophore to develop a gravireceptor as it matures to stage IV and resumes elongation. A technique has been developed to observe the spatial relationship between the vacuole and the protoplasm of a living sporangiophore and to show the reorganization caused by this exposure to altered gravity. Possible gravireceptor mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Innovation relaxation belts to reduce labor pain itensity and increase β-endoprhine levels

MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Candra Tyas Nur Fitria ◽  
Runjati Runjati ◽  
Sutopo Patriajati ◽  
Choiroel Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Heat Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Method

Background: Labor pain feels tremendous, and only 2-4% of mothers low pain during labor. Heat therapy is a non-pharmacological method. The heat therapy is still conventional, and this study uses a relaxation belt with more stable, dry heat media, and comfortable.Objective: This study aims to develop and test a relaxation belt for efforts to reduce labor pain intensity and increase β-endorphin levels in the primigravida of the active labor phase.Method: This study Research and Development (R&D). It consisted of 5 stages; stage I (literature study), stage II (product development), stage III (expert validity and phase I trials), stage IV (product revision and final product), and stage V (phase II trials).Results: The relaxation belt has been created, it has been validity experts test and field trials. The result that the relaxation belt is more effective in reducing pain and increasing β-endorphin levels than warm water compress (mean different pain labor 2.40; p<0.01; effect size 1.72 and mean different increasing β-endorphin levels 53,34; p<0.01; effect size 2.42).Conclusion: The relaxation belt is effective in reducing labor pain intensity and increasing β-endorphin levels.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Different Recombination Defects in Mouse Spermatocytes Yields Distinct Responses despite Elimination at an Identical Developmental Stage

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 7203-7215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Barchi ◽  
Shantha Mahadevaiah ◽  
Monica Di Giacomo ◽  
Frédéric Baudat ◽  
Dirk G. de Rooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Dsb Repair ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Epistasis Analysis ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT Fundamentally different recombination defects cause apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes at the same stage in development, stage IV of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, equivalent to mid-pachynema in normal males. To understand the cellular response(s) that triggers apoptosis, we examined markers of spermatocyte development in mice with different recombination defects. In Spo11 − / − mutants, which lack the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination, spermatocytes express markers of early to mid-pachynema, forming chromatin domains that contain sex body-associated proteins but that rarely encompass the sex chromosomes. Dmc1 − / − spermatocytes, impaired in DSB repair, appear to arrest at or about late zygonema. Epistasis analysis reveals that this earlier arrest is a response to unrepaired DSBs, and cytological analysis implicates the BRCT-containing checkpoint protein TOPBP1. Atm − / − spermatocytes show similarities to Dmc1 − / − spermatocytes, suggesting that ATM promotes meiotic DSB repair. Msh5 − / − mutants display a set of characteristics distinct from these other mutants. Thus, despite equivalent stages of spermatocyte elimination, different recombination-defective mutants manifest distinct responses, providing insight into surveillance mechanisms in male meiosis.

Reproduction and survival of rodents in crop fields: the effects of rainfall, crop stage and stone-bund density

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Meheretu ◽  
Kiros Welegerima ◽  
Vincent Sluydts ◽  
Hans Bauer ◽  
Kindeya Gebrehiwot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
A Minor

Context Reproduction and survival are two of the most important demographic factors that play a major role in changing population abundances of pest species over time and space, solid understanding of which is a useful input to forecast future population changes for proactive management. Aims We investigated the effects of rainfall, crop-development stage and density of stone bunds on reproductive patterns, and the effects of stone-bund density and sex on survival probabilities of two widespread rodent species (Mastomys awashensis and Arvicanthis dembeensis) in Ethiopian highlands. Methods Rodent population dynamics were monitored from April 2007 to February 2011, using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) technique in four 60 × 60 m permanent square grids for four consecutive cropping seasons. Two of the grids represented fields with low stone-bund density (LSBD, ~15 m apart) and the other two represented fields with high stone-bund density (HSBD, ~10 m apart). Key results Reproduction was seasonal, commencing during the wet season following the rain and continuing through the early dry season. We found an increase in the abundance of reproductively active female individuals of both species towards the milky and fruiting crop stages and around harvest period. We found no strong difference in survival probability between the two rodent species with variation in stone-bund density and sex. Conclusion Stone bunds play a minor role in the reproduction and survival of the rodent species at the observed abundances. Implications In terms of pest management, the high local survival rates estimated for both rodent species matter more than survival differences owing to variations in stone-bund density and sex.

INVESTIGATION OF SOW LENTIL REACTION TO IONIZED ALKALINE WATER DURING EARLY STAGES OF ONTOGENESIS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina MALINAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Edvardas KAZLAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Experimental Variant ◽  
Response To Stress

Plant physiological processes related to plant growth and development strongly depends on the environmental stress factors. Response to stress appears as a complex of different reactions with a particular feedback on plants. Influence of ionized alkaline water to sow lentil physiological reactions was investigated by analyzing changes in biomass accumulation, assimilates partitioning and pigment content. Ionized alkaline water at (8.4 pH) was applied during 6–7 and 8–9 leaves development stage. According to experiment results, at the latest stage of investigation, ionized alkaline water increased lens dry matter content more than 1.44 times. During experimental time increase in dry matter content was 13.96 %, when control plants gained only 3.47 %. Ionized alkaline water application resulted in 8.58 % significantly higher root dry matter content compare to control variant. Results of our experiment revealed the significant effect of ionized alkaline water to chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in control plants had a tendency to decline, whereas in experimental variant with ionized water, increase in pigment concentration was observed.

scholarly journals Histological and histochemical analysis of the gonadal development of males and females of Armases rubripes (Rathbun 1897) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM. Santos ◽  
GV. Lima ◽  
AA. Nascimento ◽  
A. Sales ◽  
LMY. Oshiro
Keyword(s):  
Gonad Development ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Histological Aspect ◽  
Different Cell Types

The objective of this study was to provide information on the histological characteristics of the gonads of male and female Armases rubripes crabs, and to try to establish a relationship between the microscopic and macroscopic stages previously identified. Thirty-six crabs were collected by hand between February 2003 and January 2004 in banks of Spartina alterniflora on Sahy Beach in Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The histological analysis of the ovaries of A. rubripes demonstrated a gradual process of development of the oocytes. According to their cellular characteristics, five types of cells were distinguished: oogonia, oocyte I, oocyte II, oocyte III and oocyte IV. The ovaries showed four stages during gonadal activity: stage I (rudimentary), stage II (developing or maturing), stage III (developed or mature) and stage IV (resting). The results of the histochemical analyses showed that the ovaries vary according to the gonad development stage. The histological aspect of one section of the male gonad was always the same in all of the seminiferous tubules, where the lumen of these tubules always contained spermatozoa and/or spermatids. It was not possible to characterize the three stages of gonad development in the males. This agrees with previous reports in the literature. However, in the females there was a relationship between the gonad stages distinguished macroscopically and the results obtained through the histological and histochemical analysis, due to the presence of different cell types, as well as the lysis process and reabsorption of the oocytes in spent females.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, functional properties and expression analysis of NnSBE genes involved in starch synthesis of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglin Zhu ◽  
Han Sun ◽  
Ying Diao ◽  
Xingwen Zheng ◽  
Keqiang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
Nj Tree ◽  
Pcr Technology

Background. Starch branching enzyme (SBE) is one of the key enzymes in starch biosynthetic metabolism and determines the structure of amylopectin. Methods. Full length of SBE genes were cloned by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) technology, and used neighbor-joining (NJ) tree for phylogenetic analysis. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined to assess the genetic polymorphisms and variation indexes between individuals and clusters. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyse spatial and temporal expression of SBE genes. Effect of NnSBE genes on fine structure of amylopectin was explore by affinity and enzyme activity analysis of two isoforms in amylopectin and amylose. Results. In this study, two SBE family genes, NnSBEI and NnSBEIII were identified from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). Phylogenetic analysis divided the NnSBEI into SBE family B and NnSBEIII was belong to SBE family A. The homozygous haplotype (AA GG GG AA GG) of NnSBEIII was observed in seed lotus. During the seed embryo development stage, NnSBEIII reached the peak in middle of development stage and while NnSBEI increased in mid-late developmental stage. The different affinity activity of two isozymes bind amylopectin and amylose assay indicated NnSBEI has higher activity and wider affinity. Discussion. This study showed that NnSBE genes received artificial selection during the process of cultivation and domestication in seed lotus especially. Furthermore, the expression pattern and affinity activity analysis indicated that NnSBE genes was related to chain length of amylopectin.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variations in length-weight relationship, growth pattern and condition factor of Periophthalmus variabilis Eggert, 1935 in Vietnamese Mekong Delta

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12798
Author(s):  
Quang Minh Dinh ◽  
Ton Huu Duc Nguyen ◽  
Tien Thi Kieu Nguyen ◽  
Giang Van Tran ◽  
Ngon Trong Truong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Weight Relationship

Length-weight relationship (LWR), growth pattern and condition factor (CF) play a vital role in fish resource evaluation and management but data on this is limited for Periophthalmus variabilis. This is an amphibious fish that lives in the mudflats of the mangrove forests in the Western Pacific regions, including the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). This paper contributes to the understanding of the LWR, growth pattern and CF of P. variabilis. Fish specimens were collected by hand at four sites in the VMD from April 2020 to March 2021. The analysis of 495 individual fish (259 females and 236 males) showed that fish weight could be estimated from a given fish length due to high determination values (r2 = 0.70 − 0.97). Dusky-gilled mudskippers of the VMD exhibited positive allometry, as indicated by their larger than 3 b value (b = 3.094 ± 0.045, p = 0.04). However, the growth pattern of the mudskipper between the sex and maturation stage (immature versus mature) showed isometry. These fish displayed positive allometry in the dry season (b = 3.138 ± 0.065) (>3, p = 0.04) but isometry in the wet season (b = 3.058 ± 0.061) (≈3, p = 0.34). Fish growth ranged from isometry to positive allometry and varied by site (b = 2.850 ± 0.103–3.370 ± 0.114) and month (b = 2.668 ± 0.184–3.588 ± 0.299) based on the b value. The CF of P. variabilis was not affected by sex (p = 0.29), body size (p = 0.64) or season (p = 0.43), but was affected by site (p = 0.01) and month (p = 0.01). The CF of this species (1.05 ± 0.02) was higher than 1 (p < 0.001), indicating that the fish adapted well to their habitat.

scholarly journals A prospective study on the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism in Korean gastric cancer patients: An inquiry into the application of western guidelines to Asian cancer patients.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15129-e15129
Author(s):  
Keun Wook Lee ◽  
Jin Won Kim ◽  
Eun Ju Chun ◽  
Sang Il Choi ◽  
Do Joong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
A Prospective Study

e15129 Background: Several Western guidelines recommend the routine use of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis for cancer surgery patients to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the necessity of routine pharmacologic perioperative thromboprophylaxis in Asian gastric cancer (GC) patients has not been clearly determined. Methods: To determine the necessity of routine perioperative pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in Korean gastric cancer patients, the incidence of postoperative VTE was prospectively evaluated in gastric cancer patients receiving surgery. Among 610 GC patients who had received surgery, 375 patents prospectively underwent routine duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) on days 5-12 following surgery to detect VTE and then VTE-related symptoms and signs were checked at 4 weeks after surgery (cohort A). The 235 patients that declined DUS were registered to cohort B and the occurrence of postoperative VTE was retrospectively analyzed. Results: In cohort A, symptomatic or asymptomatic VTE until 4 weeks after surgery was detected in 9 patients [2.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.9-3.9]. Tumor stage was a significant factor related to VTE development [stage I, 1.4%; stage II/III, 2.4%; stage IV, 9.7% (P = 0.008)]. In multivariate analysis, patients with stage IV had a higher postoperative VTE development [odds ratio, 8.18 (95% CI, 1.54-43.42)] than those with stage I. In cohort B, a low incidence of postoperative VTE was reaffirmed; only one postoperative VTE case (0.4%) was observed. Conclusions: The incidence of postoperative VTE in Korean GC patients was only 2.4%. Risk-stratified applications of perioperative pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis are thought to be more appropriate than the routine pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in Korean GC patients receiving surgery.

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