scholarly journals Wild strawberry polyphenols exhibit gut-protective bioactivity following in vivo digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gill ◽  
Cheryl Latimer ◽  
Nigel Ternan ◽  
Kirsty Pourshahidi ◽  
Massimilano Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Oxidative Challenge ◽  
Wild Strawberry

AbstractBerries are one of the most commonly consumed sources of bioactive polyphenols and these compounds may exert protective effects against initiation of colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing DNA damage. The inverse correlation between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of CRC is well established, hence the role of berry derived bioactive phytochemicals in promotion of gut health is of interest. Ileostomy studies provide a unique insight into food digestion, allowing identification of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites. Here, we hypothesised that physiologically relevant levels of Italian wild strawberry metabolites exiting the ileum would be both bioavailable and would in turn exert positive effects on gut health markers.Five ileostomists completed a wild strawberry feeding study (11/NI/0112), ileal fluid was collected pre (0 h) and post (8 h) consumption of strawberries (225 g) and assessed for phytochemical composition by LCMSn. We simulated the interaction of the ileal fluids with colonic microbiota over a 24 h period (0, 5,10, 24 hr) using in vitro gut fermenter models. Nutri-kinetic analysis using LCMSn demonstrated significant increases in the concentration of gut microbiota-mediated polyphenolic metabolites over time, including 3-(4hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and urolithin A. While changes in the bacterial composition of the gut fermenter model(s) were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation analysis (FISH) with validated probes for Total bacteria, Bifidobacterium genus, Clostridium histolyticum/perfringens group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale group, Bacteroides, Lactobacilli and Enterobacteria; limited changes were observed.Bioactivity of the post-berry consumption ileal fermentates was assessed on two colonocyte cell lines (HT29 and CCD841 CON (normal)) using the oxidative challenge COMET assay. Post-berry ileal fermentate (24 h) from all five ileostomists significantly (p < 0.01) decreased DNA damage (expressed as %Tail DNA) in both HT29 cells (~45%) and CCD841 cells (~25%) compared to untreated controls.To conclude, strawberry phytochemicals were available for colonic fermentation following ileal digestion and human microbiota-mediated fermentation which subsequently increased overall levels of polyphenolic metabolites, the post berry fermentates were demonstrated to reduce DNA damage in colonocytes.

scholarly journals Association of Nicotine with Osteochondrogenesis and Osteoarthritis Development: The State of the Art of Preclinical Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Cai ◽  
Liang Gao ◽  
Magali Cucchiarini ◽  
Henning Madry
Keyword(s):  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Dose Dependent

The deleterious effects of nicotine on various health conditions have been well documented. Although many orthopedic diseases are adversely affected by nicotine, little is known about its preclinical effects on chondrogenesis or osteogenesis, cartilage formation, osteoarthritis (OA), and osteochondral repair. A systematic review was conducted examining the current scientific evidence on the effects of nicotine on chondrogenesis or osteogenesis in vitro, possible consequences of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on cartilage and OA susceptibility in the offspring, and whether nicotine affects OA development and osteochondral repair in vivo, always focusing on their underlying mechanisms. The data reveal dose-dependent effects on articular chondrocytes and on the chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of medicinal signaling cells in vitro, with lower doses often resulting in positive effects and higher doses causing negative effects. PNE negatively affects articular cartilage development and induces OA in the offspring without or with nicotine exposure. In contrast, protective effects on OA development were only reported in monosodium iodoacetate-induced small animal models. Finally, nicotine repressed MSC-based osteochondral repair in vivo. Future studies need to investigate dose-dependent clinical effects of smoking on cartilage quality in offspring, OA susceptibility and progression, and osteochondral repair more in detail, thus identifying possible thresholds for its pathological effects.

scholarly journals Toxicological Studies of Czech Beers and Their Constituents

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Merinas-Amo ◽  
Rocío Merinas-Amo ◽  
Victoria García-Zorrilla ◽  
Alejandro Velasco-Ruiz ◽  
Ladislav Chladek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Background: Czech beers are unique because they are brewed using specific technology at a particular latitude and for being entirely produced in the area of the Czech Republic. The purpose of this work is the evaluation of toxicological effects of a variety of freeze-dried Czech beers, their raw materials (malts, hops and yeast) and processed-beer (wort, hopped wort and young beer). Methods: In vivo assays to evaluate the safety and protective effects in the Drosophila melanogaster eukaryotic system, and the in vitro evaluations of chemopreventive and DNA damage activity using the HL-60 tumour human cell line were carried out. Results: The safe effects for all the analysed substances and general protective effects against H2O2 were shown both at the individual and genomic level in the Drosophila animal model, with some exceptions. Moreover, all the substances were able to inhibit the tumour cell growth and to induce DNA damage in the HL-60 cells at different levels (proapoptotic, single/double strands breaks and methylation status). Conclusions: The promising effects shown by freeze-dried Czech beers due to their safety, protection against a toxin, chemopreventive potential and the induction of DNA damage in tumour cells, allow the proposition of Czech beer as a beverage with nutraceutic potential.

scholarly journals Pharmacological and Biological Study of Microencapsulated Probucol-Secondary Bile Acid in a Diseased Mouse Model

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Susbin Raj Wagle ◽  
Bozica Kovacevic ◽  
Corina Mihaela Ionescu ◽  
Daniel Walker ◽  
Melissa Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Positive Effects

Probucol (PB) is a highly lipophilic drug with potential protective effects on pancreatic β-cells from inflammation and oxidation. PB has poor bioavailability and solubility, and despite many attempts, significant improvement in antidiabetic effects or absorption has yet to be discovered. Recently, the role of bile acids has been established in significant drug formulation stabilisation effects and as cell-penetrating agents. Promising results in pharmaceutical formulation studies on drug stability and release patterns when lithocholic acid (LCA) is conjugated with PB and sodium alginate (SA) have been demonstrated. Thus, this study aimed to develop and characterise PB microcapsules incorporating LCA and examine the biological effects of the microcapsules in vitro and in vivo. PB/LCA microcapsules were prepared using an encapsulation method, ionic gelation vibrational jet flow technology. LCA incorporation in PB microcapsules showed positive effects on β-cells with improved insulin release, antioxidant activity, and PB intracellular uptake. Diabetic mice gavaged LCA-PB microcapsules showed a significant reduction in diabetes signs and symptoms, better survival rate, reduced blood glucose levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with an increase PB level in blood and tissues suggesting a potential therapy for treating diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Extracts fromFructus rhodomyrtiagainst Oxidative DNA DamageIn VitroandIn Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuebin Ke ◽  
Xinyun Xu ◽  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
Yijie Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Objective. To evaluate the potential protective effects of extracts fromFructus rhodomyrti(FR) against oxidative DNA damage using a cellular system and the antioxidant ability onpotassiumbromate- (KBrO3-) mediated oxidative stress in rats.Methods. The effects of FR on DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were evaluated by comet assay in primary spleen lymphocytes cultures. The effects of FR on the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx and the levels of GSH, hydroperoxides, and 8-OHdG were determined in the plasma and tissues of rats treated with KBrO3.Results. FR was shown to effectively protect against DNA damage induced by H2O2  in vitro, and the maximum protective effect was observed when FR was diluted 20 times. Endogenous antioxidant status, namely, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx and the levels of GSH were significantly decreased in the plasma, the liver, and the kidney of the KBrO3-treated rats, while the pretreatment of FR prevented the decreases of these parameters. In addition, the pretreatment of FR was also able to prevent KBrO3-induced increases in the levels of hydroperoxides and 8-OHdG in the plasma, the liver, and the kidney in rats.Conclusions. Our findings suggested that FR might act as a chemopreventive agent with antioxidant properties offering effective protection against oxidative DNA damage in a concentration-dependent mannerin vitroandin vivo.

Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content and Hematoprotective Effects of Cleome arabica Polyphenolic Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tigrine ◽  
A. Kameli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Cleome Arabica

In this study a polyphenolic extract from Cleome arabica leaves (CALE) was investigated for its antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH•, metal chelating and reducing power methods and for its protective effects against AraC-induced hematological toxicity in vivo using Balb C mice. Results indicated that CALE exhibited a strong and dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH• free radical (IC50 = 4.88 μg/ml) and a high reducing power activity (EC50 = 4.85 μg/ml). Furthermore, it showed a good chelating effects against ferrous ions (IC50 = 377.75 μg/ml). The analysis of blood showed that subcutaneous injection of AraC (50 mg/kg) to mice during three consecutive days caused a significant myelosupression (P < 0.05). The combination of CALE and AraC protected blood cells from a veritable toxicity. Where, the number of the red cells, the amount of hemoglobin and the percentage of the hematocrite were significantly high. On the other hand, AraC cause an elevation of body temperature (39 °C) in mice. However, the temperature of the group treated with CALE and AraC remained normal and did not exceed 37.5 °C. The observed biological effects of CALE, in vitro as well as in vivo, could be due to the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activity of CALE suggested to be responsible for its hematoprotective effect.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

Healing effects of curcumin nanoparticles in deep tissue injury mouse model.

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zirui Zhang ◽  
Shangcong Han ◽  
Panpan Liu ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Deep Tissue Injury

Background: Chronic inflammation and lack of angiogenesis are the important pathological mechanisms in deep tissue injury (DTI). Curcumin is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. However, curcumin is unstable under acidic and alkaline conditions, and can be rapidly metabolized and excreted in the bile, which shortens its bioactivity and efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to prepare curcumin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CPNPs) and to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of wound healing in DTI models. Methods: CPNPs were evaluated for particle size, biocompatibility, in vitro drug release and their effect on in vivo wound healing. Results : The results of in vivo wound closure analysis revealed that CPNP treatments significantly improved wound contraction rates (p<0.01) at a faster rate than other three treatment groups. H&E staining revealed that CPNP treatments resulted in complete epithelialization and thick granulation tissue formation, whereas control groups resulted in a lack of compact epithelialization and persistence of inflammatory cells within the wound sites. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that treatment with CPNPs suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression, and up-regulated TGF-β, VEGF-A and IL-10 mRNA expression. Western blot analysis showed up-regulated protein expression of TGF-β, VEGF-A and phosphorylatedSTAT3. Conclusion: Our results showed that CPNPs enhanced wound healing in DTI models, through modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway and subsequent upregulation of pro-healing factors.

A Novel Camptothecin Derivative 3j Inhibits Nsclc Proliferation Via Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest By Topo I-Mediated DNA Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jingyin Zhang ◽  
Shuyun Feng ◽  
Tingli Zhao ◽  
Zhengzheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cyclin D ◽  
Dna Relaxation ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
H460 Cell ◽  
H1975 Cell

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of camptothecin derivative 3j on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLCs) cells and the potential anti-tumor mechanisms. Background: Camptothecin compounds are considered as the third largest natural drugs which are widely investigated in the world and they suffered restriction because of serious toxicity, such as hemorrhagic cystitis and bone marrow suppression. Methods: Using cell proliferation assay and S180 tumor mice model, a series of 20(S)-O-substituted benzoyl 7- ethylcamptothecin compounds were screened and evaluated the antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Camptothecin derivative 3j was selected for further study using flow cytometry in NSCLCs cells. Cell cycle related protein cyclin A2, CDK2, cyclin D and cyclin E were detected by Western Blot. Then, computer molecular docking was used to confirm the interaction between 3j and Topo I. Also, DNA relaxation assay and alkaline comet assay were used to investigate the mechanism of 3j on DNA damage. Results: Our results demonstrated that camptothecin derivative 3j showed a greater antitumor effect in eleven 20(S)-O-substituted benzoyl 7-ethylcamptothecin compounds in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 of 3j was 1.54± 0.41 µM lower than irinotecan with an IC50 of 13.86±0.80 µM in NCI-H460 cell, which was reduced by 8 fold. In NCI-H1975 cell, the IC50 of 3j was 1.87±0.23 µM lower than irinotecan (IC50±SD, 5.35±0.38 µM), dropped by 1.8 fold. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 3j induced significant accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. After 24h of 3j (10 µM) treatment, the percentage of NCI-H460 cell in S-phase significantly increased (to 93.54 ± 4.4%) compared with control cells (31.67 ± 3.4%). Similarly, the percentage of NCI-H1975 cell in Sphase significantly increased (to 83.99 ± 2.4%) compared with control cells (34.45 ± 3.9%) after treatment with 10µM of 3j. Moreover, increased levels of cyclin A2, CDK2, and decreased levels of cyclin D, cyclin E further confirmed that cell cycle arrest was induced by 3j. Furthermore, molecular docking studies suggested that 3j interacted with Topo I-DNA and DNA-relaxation assay simultaneously confirmed that 3j suppressed the activity of Topo I. Research on the mechanism showed that 3j exhibited anti-tumour activity via activating the DNA damage response pathway and suppressing the repair pathway in NSCLC cells. Conclusion: Novel camptothecin derivative 3j has been demonstrated as a promising antitumor agent and remains to be assessed in further studies.

Protective effect of argan oil on DNA damage in vivo and in vitro

Biomarkers ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habiba Bouchab ◽  
Abbas Ishaq ◽  
Riad EL Kebbaj ◽  
Boubker Nasser ◽  
Gabriele Saretzki
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Argan Oil
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