Adherence to the new French dietary guidelines and risk of overweight and obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Chaltiel ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Moufidath Adjibade ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Activity Component ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Component Models

Abstract IntroductionThe new score of adherence to the 2017 French food-based dietary guidelines (PNNS-GS2) has previously been validated. Overweight and obesity being major risk factors for morbidity and mortality and highly related to diet, this study therefore aimed to study their prospective association with PNNS-GS2. A secondary objective was to compare these results to those obtained with PNNS-GS, reflecting 2001 recommendations.Material and methodsThe sample included French adults recruited in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort (N = 31,804 and 42,471 for overweight and obesity analyses respectively). The PNNS-GS and the PNNS-GS2 were calculated from repeated 24-hour dietary records collected during the first 2 years of follow-up, and weights were recorded after them in various questionnaires (N = 7.7 weight values on average, SD = 2.3). The association between the scores (as continuous and in quintiles, Q) and the risk of overweight or obesity was modelled by a Cox regression. Events were defined as having a BMI higher than 25 or 30, for overweight and obesity respectively. Comparison to the association with the PNNS-GS was performed using the mPNNS-GS, a modified PNNS-GS without the “physical activity” component. Models were adjusted for age (time scale), gender, size, energy intake, physical activity, socio-professional category, smoking, cohabitation, monthly income and alcohol consumptionResults and Statistical AnalysisMean scores were 2.2 (SD = 3.2) for PNNS-GS2 and 8.2 (SD = 1.6) for the mPNNS-GS in the “overweight” sample, and 1.9 (SD = 3.3) for the PNNS-GS2 and 8.2 (SD = 1.6) for mPNNS-GS in the “obesity” sample. In our cohort, PNNS-GS2 was significantly associated with the risk obesity, both in quintiles (HRQ5vsQ1 [95%IC] = 0.43 [0.36–0.51]), with a very linear pattern across quintiles (p for trend < 0.0001), and continuously (HR1 point ofPNNS-GS2 [95%IC] = 0.90 [0.88–0.92]). Results were very similar for overweight. On the other hand, mPNNS-GS associations were not significant, whatever the outcome.ConclusionThe strong association of PNNS-GS2 with the risk of overweight and obesity reinforces its construct validity. Its apparent superiority over the mPNNS-GS contributes to the relevance of the 2017 dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals A Critical Review on New Approaches for Chronic Disease Prevention in Brazil and Canada: From Wholistic Dietary Guidelines to Physical Activity Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Schwartz ◽  
Paul Oh ◽  
Maira B. Perotto ◽  
Ryan E. Rhodes ◽  
Wanda Firth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Chronic Disease Prevention ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition

In light of new evidence on the prevention of chronic diseases and the elevated rates of overweight and obesity in Brazil and Canada, this critical review aims to interpret and synthesize current aspects regarding dietary and physical activity initiatives in both countries and make future recommendations. The pioneering work presented in the last Brazilian dietary guidelines has been called a model that can be applied globally, given its conceptualization of healthy eating that translates easily to practical guidance. The new Canadian Food Guide has incorporated similar aspects, also putting the country as a leader in dietary guidance. With these new recommendations, citizens in both Brazil and Canada have access to impactful evidence-informed nutritional guidelines. Both documents propose eating patterns that focus not only on health benefits, such as chronic disease prevention, but also incorporate well-being concerning cultural, economic, sociodemographic, biological, and ecological dimensions. A similar approach is required for physical activity to allow individuals to have attainable health and life goals and thereby fully enjoy their lives, regardless of geographical location, health status, and socioeconomic condition, a concept recently described as physical activity security. The wholistic dietary guidelines from both countries represent a change in paradigm in public health. Likewise, national evidence-based policies are warranted to reduce disparities in physical activity, allowing healthier and more active lifestyles for everyone.

scholarly journals Association of diet quality and physical activity with healthy ageing in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Karen E. Assmann ◽  
Moufidath Adjibade ◽  
Solia Adriouch ◽  
Valentina A. Andreeva ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Major Chronic Disease ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Activity Questionnaires

AbstractA growing number of studies have explored overall health during ageing in a holistic manner by investigating multidimensional models of healthy ageing (HA). However, little attention has been given to the role of adherence to national nutrition guidelines in that context. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between adherence to the French nutrition guidelines and HA. The authors analysed data from 21 407 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study with a median baseline age of 55·6 years (2009–2014) and initially free of major chronic diseases. HA was defined as not developing major chronic disease, no depressive symptoms, no function-limiting pain, independence in instrumental activities of daily living, good physical, cognitive and social functioning, as well as good self-perceived health. Adherence to guidelines of the French Nutrition and Health Programme (Programme National Nutrition Santé or PNNS) was measured via the PNNS Guideline Score (PNNS-GS), using baseline data from repeated 24-h dietary records and physical activity questionnaires. After a median follow-up of 5·7 years, 46·3 % of participants met our HA criteria. Robust-error-variance Poisson regression revealed that higher PNNS-GS scores, reflecting higher adherence to nutrition recommendations (including both diet and physical activity guidelines), were associated with a higher probability to age healthily (relative riskquartile 4 v. quartile 1 = 1·17 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·22)). Supplementary analyses revealed that this association may, to a small part, be mediated by weight status. The results suggest that high adherence to the French national nutrition recommendations may be linked to better overall health throughout ageing.

scholarly journals Prospective association between adherence to the 2017 French dietary guidelines and risk of death, CVD and cancer in the NutriNet-Santé cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dan Chaltiel ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Raphaël Chaltiel ◽  
Julia Baudry ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Adherence Score ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Prospective Association

Abstract Non-communicable diseases, such as cancers and CVD, represent a major public health concern, and diet is an important factor in their development. French dietary recommendations were updated in 2017, and an adherence score, the Programme National Nutrition Santé Guidelines Score (PNNS-GS2), has been developed and validated using a standardised procedure. The present study aimed to analyse the prospective association between PNNS-GS2 and the risk of death, cancer and CVD. Our sample consisted of French adults included in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort (n 67 748, 75 634 and 80 269 for the risk of death, cancer and CVD, respectively). PNNS-GS2 (range: –∞ to 14·25) was calculated from the 24-h dietary records of the first 2 years of monitoring. Association between PNNS-GS2 (in quintiles, Q) and the risk of death, cancer and CVD was studied using Cox models adjusted for the main confounding factors. The sample included 78 % of women, aged on average 44·4 years (sd 14·6) with on average 6·6 (sd 2·3) dietary records. Average PNNS-GS2 was 1·5 (sd 3·4) and median follow-up was 6·6 years for cancers and 6·2 years for CVD and deaths. PNNS-GS2 was significantly associated with the risk of death (hazard ratio (HR)Q5vsQ1: 0·77 (95 % CI 0·60, 1·00), 828 cases), cancer (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0·80 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·92), 2577 cases) and CVD (HRQ5vsQ1 0·64 (95 % CI 0·51, 0·81), 964 cases). More specifically, PNNS-GS2 was significantly associated with colorectal and breast cancer risks but not prostate cancer risk. Our results suggest that strong adherence to the 2017 French dietary recommendations is associated with a lower risk of death, cancer or CVD. This reinforces the validity of these new recommendations and will help to promote their dissemination.

scholarly journals Dietary and physical activity habits of All Saints University College of Medicine Students, St Vincent and the Grenadines

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3251
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Owolabi ◽  
Habibah O. Ayantayo ◽  
Nicholas F. Nwachukwu ◽  
Thomas K. Thomas ◽  
Ekei E. Ekpenyong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Medical College ◽  
University College ◽  
High Level

Background: The purpose of this research was to assess the dietary and physical activity habits of All Saints University College of Medicine students to determine if they were meeting the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines government’s dietary guidelines and to ascertain the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the students.Methods: Data were collected from the participants using a survey concerned with demographics, and self-assessment on dietary and physical activity habits. Descriptive statistics was used to report and analyse the data.Results: Study subjects consisted of 76 students. Eighty three percent of them were between the ages of 16 and 25 years. Sixty–one percent were female and 39% were male. The majority of the student respondents (76%) were aware of the importance of eating healthy and being physically active each day, and 50-66% of the respondents engaged in and enjoyed physical activity, achieved the recommended daily amount of vegetable intake, were at a normal body mass index (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and reported satisfaction with their weight. However, majority (80%) of the respondents consumed fast food; about a third of them did not consume fruits nor exercise regularly, reporting lack of time, interest and self-discipline as major reasons.Conclusions: The results indicate that the majority of All Saints University Medical College students had high level of knowledge of overweight and obesity and were involved in some healthy behaviours that helped them achieve normal BMI. However, the poor nutritional and physical activity habits of many of the students could benefit from intervention programs to moderate the tendency for overweight and obesity in the student population.

scholarly journals Association between neighborhood health behaviors and body mass index in Northern Norway: evidence from the Tromsø Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110599
Author(s):  
Emre Sari ◽  
Mikko Moilanen ◽  
Clare Bambra ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Northern Norway

Aim: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has risen rapidly worldwide, and the ongoing obesity pandemic is one of the most severe public health concerns in modern society. The average body mass index (BMI) of people living in Northern Norway has also steadily increased since the late 1970s. This study aimed to understand how individuals’ health behavior is associated with the general health behavior of the people in their neighborhood. Methods: Using the population-based Tromsø Study, we examined the life course association between average leisure time physical activity at the neighborhood level and the BMI of individuals living in the same neighborhood. We used a longitudinal dataset following 25,604 individuals living in 33 neighborhoods and performed a linear mixed-effects analysis. Results: The results showed that participants living in neighborhoods whose residents were more physically active during their leisure time, were likely to have a significantly lower BMI (−0.9 kg/m², 95% CI −1.5 to −0.4). Also, individuals living in neighborhoods whose residents were doing mainly manual work, had significantly higher BMIs (0.7 kg/m², 95% CI 0.4−1.0). Conclusions: Our results showed a strong association between the average leisure time physical activity level of neighborhood residents and the higher BMI levels of residents of the same neighborhood.

Fad Diets: Dietary Dilemmas, Predicaments, and Recommendations for its Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1362-1380
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Vidisha Tomer ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Yogesh Gat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Extra Weight

The health issues, mainly overweight and obesity are the growing concerns nowadays due to the associated factors and lifestyle changes which significantly have increased the individual’s health care expenditures. Fad diets are promoted as the easiest and simplest way of shedding the extra weight despite the availability of several treatments available. The prevention and treatment measures, including modification in lifestyle, dietary pattern, and physical activity, are the foundation of weight loss. However, the standard treatment measures are not effective for certain populations as they require long time adherence, which leads to the search for other approaches like fad diet. We steered a comprehensive literature review to present the facts related to fad diets to their efficacy and sustainability. Although fad diets have yielded tremendous positive results in weight loss and cardiovascular risk prevention, the studies reported death in long-term interventions and the results and some of them show side effects too. Randomized controlled trials have significantly reported weight loss in comparison with the popular fad diets; however, persisting on the same diet has also reported kidney problems, ketosis, and other metabolic related problems. The conclusion of this critical review reported that gradual weight loss could be attained by the combination of lifestyle modifications, physical activity, and recommended dietary approaches.

Children's Perceptions of Healthful Eating and Physical Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lisa Penner Protudjer ◽  
Gail Marchessault ◽  
Anita Luba Kozyrskyj ◽  
Allan Barry Becker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Purposeful Selection ◽  
Common Barriers

Purpose: Healthful lifestyle habits established in childhood may continue through adulthood. Such habits may also be effective in preventing or reversing overweight and obesity. However, little is known about children's perceptions of healthful eating and physical activity. Thus, we sought a better understanding of how children perceive healthful eating and physical activity. Methods: A purposeful selection was made of Winnipeg, Manitoba, boys (n=23) and girls (n=22) aged 11 to 12 years. The children were interviewed using a semi-structured, indepth interview guide. Data were analyzed using thematic coding. Results: Although healthful eating was seen as necessary for health, high-fat, high-sugar foods were a source of pleasure and enjoyed during social times. Physical activity was a way of spending time with friends, either through active play or watching sports. Boys viewed screen time and homework as barriers to physical activity, while girls identified no common barriers. Children viewed physical activity as easier than healthful eating, describing the former as “play” and “fun.” Conclusions: Knowing how children think about food choices will further our understanding of the disconnect between nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviours. Understanding conflicting pressures that influence children's healthful lifestyles may enhance communication about these topics among parents, educators, and children.

scholarly journals POS1309 PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF UNDERWEIGHT, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA): EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGIC DATABASE (NPRD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 936.2-937
Author(s):  
F. Milatz ◽  
J. Klotsche ◽  
M. Niewerth ◽  
J. Hörstermann ◽  
D. Windschall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background:In patients with JIA, growth impairment and variance in body composition are well-known long-term complications that may be associated with prolonged drug therapy (e.g. glucocorticoids) as well as impaired physical and psychosocial well-being. An increased accumulation of body fat represents a significant risk factor for metabolic abnormalities and a modifiable variable for a number of comorbidities. Recently, evidence has emerged in favour of the potential negative influence of overweight on the course of the disease and treatment response [1].Objectives:The study aimed a) to estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA compared to the general population, and b) to investigate correlates of patients’ weight status.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of physicians’ recorded body weights and heights of patients with JIA enrolled in the NPRD in the year 2019 was performed. Underweight (BMI <10th), overweight (BMI >90th) and obesity (BMI >97th) were defined according to age- and sex-specific percentiles used in the German reference system. For comparison with data from the general population [2], sex- and age-matched pairs of 3-17-year-old patients and controls were generated. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between weight status and patients’ clinical and self-reported outcomes.Results:In total, data from 6.515 children and adolescents with JIA (age 11.2 ± 4.1 years, disease duration 4.9 ± 3.8 years, 67% girls, 40% persistent oligoarthritis) were included. Of these, 3.334 (age 5.9 ± 2.1 years, 52.5% girls) could be considered for matched-pair analysis. Compared with the general population, patients underweight, overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% (vs. 8.1%), 8.8% (vs. 8.5%) and 6.1% (vs. 5.7%), respectively. No significant sex differences were found in either group. Largest difference in prevalence was registered for underweight, specifically in the age group 3-6 years (12.9% patients vs. 5.9% controls). Similar to the general population, higher rates of overweight were observed in adolescent patients than in affected children (19.1% age group 11-13 vs. 8.4% age group 3-6). While the highest underweight prevalence was registered in patients with RF+ polyarthritis (16%), patients with Enthesitis-related arthritis (22%), psoriatic arthritis (21%) and systemic JIA (20%) showed the highest overweight rates (including obesity). Younger age (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.83), more frequent physical activity (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and high parental vocational education (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.80) were independently associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight/obese.Conclusion:The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA is comparable to that found in the general population. Behavioural health promotion, including regular physical activity, as part of the treatment strategy in JIA should preventively already begin at preschool age and necessarily be made accessible to patients of all educational levels.References:[1]Giani T et al. The influence of overweight and obesity on treatment response in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:637.[2]Schienkiewitz A et al. BMI among children and adolescents: prevalences and distribution considering underweight and extreme obesity. Bundesgesundheitsbl 2019;62:1225–1234.Acknowledgements:The National Paediatric Rheumatological Database has been funded by AbbVie, Chugai, Novartis and GSK.Disclosure of Interests:Florian Milatz: None declared, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Martina Niewerth: None declared, Jana Hörstermann: None declared, Daniel Windschall: None declared, Frank Weller-Heinemann Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, SOBI, Roche and Novartis., Frank Dressler: None declared, Rainer Berendes: None declared, Johannes-Peter Haas: None declared, Gerd Horneff: None declared, Kirsten Minden Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Consultant of: Novartis

Genetic and Epigenetic landscape of leukocyte infiltration identifies an immune prognosticator in lung adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Seema Khadirnaikar ◽  
Annesha Chatterjee ◽  
Sudhanshu Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Leukocyte Infiltration ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Factors Affecting

BACKGROUND: Leukocyte infiltration plays an critical role in outcome of various diseases including Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). OBJECTIVES: To understand the genetic and epigenetic factors affecting leukocyte infiltration and identification and validation of immune based biomarkers. METHOD: Correlation analysis was done to get the associations of the factors. CIBERSORT analysis was done for immune cell infiltration. Genetic and epigenetic analysis were performed. Cox regression was carried out for survival. RESULTS: We categorized the TCGA-LUAD patients based on Leukocyte fraction (LF) and performed extensive immunogenomic analysis. Interestingly, we showed that LF has a negative correlation with copy number variation (CNV) but not with mutational load. However, several individual genetic mutations, including KRAS and KEAP1, were significantly linked with LF. Also, as expected, patients with high LF showed significantly increased expression of genes involved in leukocyte migration and activation. DNA methylation changes also showed a strong association with LF and regulated a significant proportion of genes associated with LF. We also developed and validated an independent prognostic immune signature using the top six prognostic genes associated with LF. CONCLUSION: Together, we have identified clinical, genetic, and epigenetic variations associated with LUAD LF and developed an immune gene-based signature for disease prognostication.

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