Absence of haemoparasite infection in the fossorial amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433-1436
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MARTÍN ◽  
MARIO GARRIDO ◽  
JESÚS ORTEGA ◽  
ROBERTO GARCÍA-ROA ◽  
ALEJANDRO IBÁÑEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Ecological Adaptations ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Distinctive Group ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYBlood parasites such as haemogregarines and haemosporidians have been identified in almost all groups of vertebrates. However, very little is known about biodiversity of these parasites and their effects on some major groups of reptiles such as amphisbaenians, a distinctive group with many morphological and ecological adaptations to fossorial life. Conditions of the fossorial environment might also affect host–parasite relationships. We investigated the presence and the potential prevalence of three genera of haemoparasitic aplicomplexan blood parasites (Hepatozoon, Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) in the amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni, a fossorial worm lizard species from North West Africa. Blood parasite infection was not detected in T. wiegmanni, both in visual surveys of blood smears and using molecular methods to detect DNA of such parasites in the blood of the potential amphisbaenian hosts. We discuss how conditions of the fossorial environment might affect blood parasitaemias in amphisbaenians as well as in other fossorial reptiles.

scholarly journals Blood parasites in passerine birds from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Sebaio ◽  
Érika Martins Braga ◽  
Felipe Branquinho ◽  
Alan Fecchio ◽  
Miguel Ângelo Marini
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Low Prevalence

Parasites may lead bird species to extinction, affect host temporal and spatial population dynamics, alter community structure and alter individuals’ social status. We evaluated blood parasite prevalence and intensity according to bird families and species, among 925 birds that were caught in 2000 and 2001, in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We applied Giemsa staining to thin blood smears, to detect blood parasites. The birds (n = 15.8%) in 11 families, were infected by at least one parasite genus, especially Muscicapidae (28.3%) and Conopophagidae (25%). Among the 146 infected birds, Plasmodium was detected in all bird families and had the highest prevalence (54.8%). Trypanosoma, Haemoproteus and microfilaria had lower prevalence rates (23.3, 23.3 and 2.1%, respectively). Birds caught during the rainy season were more infected than birds caught during the dry season. The overall low prevalence of blood parasites in birds is similar to the patterns found elsewhere in the Neotropical region.

scholarly journals Pathological Study of Blood Parasites in Rice Field Frogs,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus(Wiegmann, 1834)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achariya Sailasuta ◽  
Jetjun Satetasit ◽  
Malinee Chutmongkonkul
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

One hundred and forty adult rice field frogs,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus(Wiegmann, 1834), were collected in Srakaew province, Thailand. For blood parasite examination, thin blood smears were made and routinely stained with Giemsa. The results showed that 70% of the frogs (98/140) were infected with 5 species of blood parasites, including aTrypanosoma rotatorium-like organism,Trypanosoma chattoni, Hepatozoonsp. a,Hepatozoonsp. b, andLankesterella minima. Pathological examination of the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney of the frogs that were apparently infected with one of these blood parasites were collected and processed by routine histology and subsequently stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological findings associated with theTrypanosoma rotatorium-like organism andTrypanosoma chattoni-infected frogs showed no pathological lesions.Hepatozoonsp. a andHepatozoonsp. b-infected frogs developed inflammatory lesions predominantly in the liver, demonstrating granuloma-like lesions withHepatozoonsp. meronts at the centre. Tissue sections ofLankesterella minima-infected frogs also showed lesions. Liver and spleen showed inflammatory lesions with an accumulation of melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) surrounding the meronts and merozoites. It is suggested thatHepatozoonsp. a,Hepatozoonsp. b, andLankesterella minima-infections are capable of producing inflammatory lesions in the visceral organs of rice field frogs, and the severity of lesions is tentatively related to levels of parasitemia.

scholarly journals Detection Of Blood Parasites In Cattle In Kutalimbaru Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Mudhita Z. Ritonga ◽  
Andhika Putra ◽  
Agun Prastia ◽  
Firdaus Nasution ◽  
Risdawati Br Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Susceptible Animal ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Blood Smears

The aim of this research was to identify and to find out the prevalence of blood parasites in cattle in Kutalimbaru Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. This research was conducted in Kutalimbaru Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency from December 2018 to February 2019. Normal/healthy cattle of different breeds were randomly selected from five locations, namely Sei Mencirim village, Sawit Rejo village, Silebo-lebo village, Sampe Cita village and Pasar X village. A total of 150 blood samples were collected for blood smears. Diagnostic techniques were tested using Giemsa's staining technique. The blood parasites were then identified and their prevalence was determined. The results showed that one species of blood parasite was successfully identified, all belonging to the blood parasite, namely, Theileria sp. with a prevalence of 33%. In addition, there were no species of blood parasite from the Anaplasma, Trypanosoma, and Babesia. This study suggests that theileriosis is spreading to even the other region in North Sumatera. To reduce the infection, follow up surveys of the blood parasites of the livestock, assess their distribution and infection rates of possible vectors are recommended and plans control measures against should be focused on reducing transmission to highly susceptible animal species.

scholarly journals Blood Parasite Infection Prevalence in Kampong Chicken Breeder’s Group in Garut

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Djoko Legowo ◽  
Syifa Husnul Khotimah ◽  
Lucia Tri Suwanti
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Negative Results

The Aim of this research was to determine the blood parasite infection prevalence in Garut District. The research was conducted in November-December 2016. 160 samples of blood were obtained from eight subdistrict at Kampong Chicken Breeder’s Group (KEPAK) in Garut District smeared with 3% Giemsa solution and examined under a microscope with 1000x magnification. The merozoite and gametocyte that was discovered recorded. The data that obtained was analyzed descriptively. A parasites were found in 11 blood samples (6.88%). The genus of blood parasites is Leucocytozoon sp., while Plasmodium sp., Haemoproteus sp., and Trypanosoma avium sp. are not found in this research (0%). All of blood infected parasite only found at Tarogong Kidul subdistrict and seven other subdistricts showed negative results.  Keyword: Blood parasite, Leucocytozoon, KEPAK, Kampong Chicken

scholarly journals Occurrence of common blood parasites of cattle in Sirajgonj sadar area of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chowdhury ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
SR Barua ◽  
S Islam
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Protozoal Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Anaplasma Centrale

 An epidemiological investigation was carried out on common blood parasites (protozoa and rickettsia) in clinically suspected (febrile, anorectic, non responsive to antibiotics therapy) cattle attended at District veterinary hospital of Sirajgong. Total 60 cattle were examined for blood parasite (protozoa and rickettsia) infection. Giemsa's stained were used on peripheral blood smears of suspected cattle. These slides were examined microscopically during September to October, 2004, of which 42 cattle (70 % of the total examined cattle) had Anaplasma infection (either Anaplasma marginale or Anaplasma centrale or both) and 2 cattle (3.3% of the total cattle) had Babesia infection but negative for other blood protozoal infection. Key words: Anaplasmosis, babesiosis, cattle, occurrence DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v4i2.1300 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (2): 143-145

scholarly journals Do blood parasites increase immature erythrocytes and mitosis in amphibians?

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-624
Author(s):  
Leydy P. González ◽  
Carolina M. Vargas-León ◽  
Gustavo Andrés Fuentes-Rodríguez ◽  
Martha L. Calderón-Espinosa ◽  
Nubia E. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: In amphibians, blood may act as a hematopoietic tissue. However, the knowledge concerning hematological features is scarce, there is not much information that allows an analysis about the possible explanations of this physiological feature. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between immature red blood cells (RBCs) mitosis and the presence of blood parasites in amphibians. Methods: We sampled 116 amphibians (31 species) in six Colombian localities. Blood was taken by cardiac puncture or maxillary vein puncture. Smears were prepared, fixed, and Giemsa stained for microscopical analysis. The variables analyzed were the percentage of immature RBCs, mitotic cells in peripheral blood, and blood parasite infection. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon's rank test and exact Fisher statistical tests. Results: Sixty-two individuals showed mitosis in peripheral blood, and these mitotic RBCs shared morphological features with immature RBCs. Overall, parasite prevalence was 30.1 %, distributed as follows: Trypanosoma (24.1 %), Hepatozoon-like (6 %), Dactylosoma (4.3 %), Karyolysus-like (0.9 %), and Filarioidea (2.6 %). A positive association between the percentage of immature RBCs and the presence of mitotic RBCs was found, and also between the blood parasite infection and the percentage of immature RBCs. Conclusions: In this study, we found that the presence of blood parasites, immature RBCs, and RBCs mitosis are frequent events in amphibians' peripheral blood, and our analysis suggests an association between those features. Thus, the release of immature RBCs and the mitosis of those cells in peripheral blood may be a physiological response to blood parasite infection. Further studies characterizing hematology in amphibians and wildlife, in general, are desirable.

Epizootiology of blood parasite infections in passerine birds from central New Jersey

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2374-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Hannah B. Suthers
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
New Host ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Host Parasite

One or more genera of hematozoa were found in blood smears of 204 (29.3%) of 697 birds representing 59 species. Parasites included Leucocytozoon spp. (16.6% prevalence), Haemoproteus spp. (9.9%), Plasmodium spp. (3.0%), Trypanosoma spp. (4.2%), and microfilariae of filariid nematodes (1.0%). Of 353 birds (48 species) tested for trypanosomiasis by blood culture, 141 (39.9%) were found to be positive. Several new host–parasite associations were identified. Prevalences were lowest in the summer and highest in the spring. During the summer, hatching-year birds were found to be infected less frequently than were older birds. Ground-feeding birds were infected with Leucocytozoon spp. at a significantly higher rate than were birds that characteristically feed above ground. Although the vertical stratum preferred for foraging was significantly associated with that of nesting, no significant association between preferred nesting stratum and prevalence of Leucocytozoon spp. infection among locally breeding birds was found. The results of this study, when compared with those of others, indicate that the epizootiology of avian hematozoan infections may vary greatly according to the locality studied. An examination of the effects of blood sampling (whether by nail clipping or jugular venipuncture) on the birds revealed no significantly adverse effect of sampling on bird survival.

scholarly journals High rates of infection by blood parasites during the nestling phase in UK Columbids with notes on ecological associations

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNY C. DUNN ◽  
JENNIFER E. STOCKDALE ◽  
EMMA L. BRADFORD ◽  
ALEXANDRA MCCUBBIN ◽  
ANTONY J. MORRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Dead End ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Apparent Infection Rate ◽  
Ecological Associations ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYStudies of blood parasite infection in nestling birds rarely find a high prevalence of infection. This is likely due to a combination of short nestling periods (limiting the age at which nestlings can be sampled) and long parasite prepatent periods before gametocytes can be detected in peripheral blood. Here we examine rates of blood parasite infection in nestlings from three Columbid species in the UK. We use this system to address two key hypotheses in the epidemiology of avian haemoparasites: first, that nestlings in open nests have a higher prevalence of infection; and second, that nestlings sampled at 14 days old have a higher apparent infection rate than those sampled at 7 days old. Open-nesting individuals had a 54% infection rate compared with 25% for box-nesters, probably due to an increased exposure of open-nesting species to dipteran vectors. Nestlings sampled at 14 days had a 68% infection rate compared with 32% in nestlings sampled at 7 days, suggesting that rates of infection in the nest are high. Further work should examine nestlings post-fledging to identify rates of successful parasite infection (as opposed to abortive development within a dead-end host) as well as impacts on host post-fledging survival and behaviour.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasite mixed infections in Spanish terrapins, Mauremys leprosa

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFONSO MARZAL ◽  
ALEJANDRO IBÁÑEZ ◽  
MANUEL GONZÁLEZ-BLÁZQUEZ ◽  
PILAR LÓPEZ ◽  
JOSÉ MARTÍN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa

SUMMARYBlood parasites such as haemogregarines and haemosporidians have been identified in almost all groups of vertebrates and may cause serious damages to their hosts. However, very little is known about biodiversity of these parasites and their effects on some groups of reptiles such as terrapins. Moreover, the information on virulence from blood parasites mixed infection is largely unknown in reptiles. With this aim, we investigated for the first time the prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasites from one genus of haemoparasitic aplicomplexan (Hepatozoon) in two populations of Spanish terrapins (Mauremys leprosa), a semi-aquatic turtle from southwestern Europe with a vulnerable conservation status. We also examined the association between mixed blood parasite infection and indicators of health of terrapins (body condition, haematocrit values and immune response). Blood parasite infection with Hepatozoon spp was detected in 46·4% of 140 examined terrapins. The prevalence of blood parasites infection differed between populations. We found two different lineages of blood parasite, which have not been found in previous studies. Of the turtles with infection, 5·7% harboured mixed infection by the two lineages. There was no difference in body condition between uninfected, single-infected and mixed-infected turtles, but mixed-infected individuals had the lowest values of haematocrit, thus revealing the negative effects of blood parasite mixed infections. Immune response varied among terrapins with different infection status, where mixed infected individuals had higher immune response than uninfected or single-infected terrapins.

scholarly journals Urogenital Schistosomiasis—History, Pathogenesis, and Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Lúcio Lara Santos ◽  
Júlio Santos ◽  
Maria João Gouveia ◽  
Carina Bernardo ◽  
Carlos Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Female Genital

Schistosomiasis is the most important helminthiasis worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. Most of the infections occurs in Africa, which about two thirds are caused by Schistosoma haematobium. The infection with S. haematobium is considered carcinogenic leading to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Additionally, it is responsible for female genital schistosomiasis leading to infertility and higher risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Remarkably, a recent outbreak in Corsica (France) drew attention to its potential re-mergence in Southern Europe. Thus far, little is known related to host-parasite interactions that trigger carcinogenesis. However, recent studies have opened new avenues to understand mechanisms on how the parasite infection can lead cancer and other associated pathologies. Here, we present a historical perspective of schistosomiasis, and review the infection-associated pathologies and studies on host–parasite interactions that unveil tentative mechanisms underlying schistosomiasis-associated carcinogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document