scholarly journals Chronology of Holocene Climate and Vegetation Changes and their Connection to Cultural Dynamics in Southern Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 1103-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
V G Dirksen ◽  
B van Geel ◽  
M A Koulkova ◽  
G I Zaitseva ◽  
A A Sementsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Good Agreement

Two sediment sequences from Big Kyzykul Lake and the Shushenskoe paleolake in the Minusinsk depression, Southern Siberia, were studied by pollen, microfossil, and geochemical analyses, as well as radiocarbon dating. The records indicate the persistence of an arid period between ∼11.7–7.6 cal kyr BP, increased effective moisture since ∼7.6 cal kyr BP, 2 humid impulses at ∼5.1 and 2.8 cal kyr BP separated by a dry interval, and the return to generally drier conditions after ∼1.5 cal kyr BP. This is contrary to the findings noted for the Eurasian temperate zone, but agrees with proxy data reported for arid and semi-arid zones of Central Asia. Reconstructed changes in climate and environment are in good agreement with archaeological data. Almost no evidence of the Mesolithic-Neolithic cultures has been reported for the depression, which is consistent with a dry early and mid-Holocene. Effective moisture started to rise from ∼7.6 cal kyr BP, followed by the beginning of human occupation at ∼6 cal kyr BP. Two maxima of humidity are recorded in the late Holocene, corresponding to the arrival of trees in the depression. No gap was to be found from the Early Bronze to the Iron ages cultures at this time, with the exception of a dry interval at ∼3.6–3.3 cal kyr BP, when the Minusinsk depression was sparsely occupied. The data obtained suggest a close relationship between climate change and cultural dynamics in the steppe zone of Southern Siberia.

scholarly journals Chronology and Possible Links Between Climatic and Cultural Change During the First Millennium Bc in Southern Siberia and Central Asia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I Zaitseva ◽  
B van Geel ◽  
N A Bokovenko ◽  
K V Chugunov ◽  
V A Dergachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Geochemical Analyses

We reconstructed climate change during the second half of the Holocene for the Minusinsk (southern Siberia) and the Uyuk (Central Asia) valleys in the Eurasian steppe zone. Sediment cores from 2 lakes and a soil profile from the Arzhan-2 burial mount were investigated. We combined pollen and geochemical analyses and radiocarbon dating with the archaeological record. A sharp increase of human population density occurred at the transition from the Bronze Age to Iron Age (about 2700 cal BP). The most representative Scythian culture started in the Uyuk and the Minusinsk valleys after increased humidity and occupation capacity of the steppe zone during the 9th century BC.

scholarly journals Drying characteristics and kinetics of fluidized bed dried potato

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. BAKAL ◽  
K.H. GEDAM ◽  
G.P. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

In developed countries, more than 50% potatoes are consumed as processed products. As drying is the vital phenomenon in processing, it is necessary to investigate the drying characteristics and its kinetics. In this experimental study, drying kinetics of Potato in two different shape of cuboidal & cylindrical with three aspect ratio was investigated as a function of drying conditions. Experiments were conducted using air temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ºC, at velocity of 7 ms-1. The experimental moisture data were fitted to Page and simple models available in the literature, and a good agreement was observed. The Page model gave better fit than simple model. In the ranges covered, the values of the effective moisture diffusivity, Deff were obtained between 2.278 × 10-9 to 3.314 × 10-8 m2s-1 from the Fick's diffusion model. Using Deff, the value of activation energy (Ea) was determined assuming the Arrhenius-type temperature relationship.

Holocene vegetation history in the Northern Vosges Mountains (NE France): Palynological, geochemical and sedimentological data

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-904
Author(s):  
Emilie Gouriveau ◽  
Pascale Ruffaldi ◽  
Loïc Duchamp ◽  
Vincent Robin ◽  
Annik Schnitzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Vosges Mountains ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Evolution Of Vegetation

Palynological data from the Northern Vosges Mountains (NVM) are very rare, unlike for the Southern and Central Vosges Mountains, where the past vegetation history is relatively well known. As a consequence, the beginning of human activities has never been clearly identified and dated in the NVM. In order to reconstruct the evolution of vegetation in this region, multiproxy studies (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, sedimentological and geochemical analyses) were conducted in two peatlands. Overall, the results, extending from about 9500 cal. BP to recent times, show a classical vegetation succession with local particularities resulting from human activities. In the La Horn peatland, a strong human impact related to pastoralism is attested from the late Bronze Age onwards. The second phase of human occupation, mainly characterized by crop cultures, begins during the Hallstatt period. The geochemical results (x-ray fluorescence) also highlight the presence of metallic elements, which, combined with significant quantities of carbonized particles, point to potential metal working. In the Kobert-Haut peatland, human occupation began much later (1500 cal. BP), but lasted from the Gallo-Roman period to the beginning of the Modern Period. Unlike for the vegetation history of the rest of the Vosges, Pinus remains a prevailing taxon throughout the Holocene in the NVM. Another particularity is the early establishment of Picea, long before the 18th to 19th century plantations.

A Record of Holocene Climate Change from Lake Geochemical Analyses in Southeastern Arabia

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian G. Parker ◽  
Andrew S. Goudie ◽  
Stephen Stokes ◽  
Kevin White ◽  
Martin J. Hodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The North ◽  
Holocene Climate Change ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Geochemical Analyses

AbstractLacustrine sediments from southeastern Arabia reveal variations in lake level corresponding to changes in the strength and duration of Indian Ocean Monsoon (IOM) summer rainfall and winter cyclonic rainfall. The late glacial/Holocene transition of the region was characterised by the development of mega-linear dunes. These dunes became stabilised and vegetated during the early Holocene and interdunal lakes formed in response to the incursion of the IOM at approximately 8500 cal yr BP with the development of C3 dominated savanna grasslands. The IOM weakened ca. 6000 cal yr BP with the onset of regional aridity, aeolian sedimentation and dune reactivation and accretion. Despite this reduction in precipitation, the lake was maintained by winter dominated rainfall. There was a shift to drier adapted C4 grasslands across the dune field. Lake sediment geochemical analyses record precipitation minima at 8200, 5000 and 4200 cal yr BP that coincide with Bond events in the North Atlantic. A number of these events correspond with changes in cultural periods, suggesting that climate was a key mechanism affecting human occupation and exploitation of this region.

scholarly journals Mixture model of pottery decorations from Lake Chad Basin archaeological sites reveals ancient segregation patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1827) ◽  
pp. 20152824
Author(s):  
John D. O'Brien ◽  
Kathryn Lin ◽  
Scott MacEachern
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
The Many

We present a new statistical approach to analysing an extremely common archaeological data type—potsherds—that infers the structure of cultural relationships across a set of excavation units (EUs). This method, applied to data from a set of complex, culturally heterogeneous sites around the Mandara mountains in the Lake Chad Basin, helps elucidate cultural succession through the Neolithic and Iron Age. We show how the approach can be integrated with radiocarbon dates to provide detailed portraits of cultural dynamics and deposition patterns within single EUs. In this context, the analysis supports ancient cultural segregation analogous to historical ethnolinguistic patterning in the region. We conclude with a discussion of the many possible model extensions using other archaeological data types.

Scythian Internecine Feuds

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina N. Daragan
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Political World ◽  
New Form ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
The Military ◽  
Written Sources

In the Scythian period burials have been identified, in which metal arrowheads have been found in or among the bones of the deceased which may have been the cause of death. In all such cases, without exception, the arrowheads, which had wounded or killed the deceased, were of specifically Scythian types, used precisely at that time for the weaponry of both Scythians and their contemporaries constituting the military contingents of various tribal alliances in the forest-steppe zone. Analysis of the sample has shown that in most cases those who perished were victims of armed conflicts within the ethno-political world of Scythia. In a number of further cases, arrow wounds had been caused as a result of a rite forming part of a funerary ritual. Some other archaeological data, such as the dismantling of and re-use of Scythian anthropomorphic stelai and also the virtually total plundering of their kurgans by the Scythians themselves, can also indicate the conflict situation within Scythian society in the late-5th and 4th centuries bc. Certain data from written sources also tie in with the existence of internecine feuds in Scythia, including the reliably recorded fact of clashes between Scythian élites. The inter-tribal violence recorded in the light of arrow wounds quite probably reflects, among other things, the new form of relationships within Scythian society resulting from rivalry for possession of territory and resources.

scholarly journals Holocene landscape evolution of an estuarine wetland in relation to its human occupation and exploitation: Waasland Scheldt polders, northern Belgium

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Missiaen ◽  
I. Jongepier ◽  
K. Heirman ◽  
T. Soens ◽  
V. Gelorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
Map Series ◽  
Time Frames

AbstractThis paper describes the landscape evolution of the Waasland Scheldt polders in the north of Belgium from the Late Glacial – early Holocene to the present time, and the effects of this changing landscape on the human settlement. The regional landscape evolution has been visualised in a series of palaeogeographical maps for successive time frames. Two different map series were produced: a series of Holocene palaeogeographical reconstructions (11,000–950 cal BP) based on geotechnical, geological and archaeological data, and a series of post-Medieval landscape reconstructions (16th- to 19th-century) based on historical maps, land registers and soil data. Additional palaeoenvironmental information from fossil pollen and plant remains allowed reconstruction of the vegetation and wetland changes, particularly for the middle to late Holocene. Peat growth was the main key to understanding the landscape evolution of the Waasland Scheldt polders. Whereas the landscape evolution during the Holocene was mainly sea-level driven, the transformation of the landscape during the last millennium was largely due to human interventions.

scholarly journals Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Igor' Vladimirovich Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Western Eurasia ◽  
Burial Grounds

The object of this research is the interaction of the forest and forest-steppe habitat of Eastern Europe during the Golden Horde. The subject of this research is the interaction of the Chiyalik culture, formed in the forest-steppe zone of Volga-Ural region and the Golden Horde culture formed in the steppe zone of Western Eurasia. The monuments of Chiyalik culture – subsoil burial grounds and ancient settlements – are located in the valleys of the Rivers Kama, Belaya, Ika, Dema, Chermasan, Suni and other rivers in the eastern parts of modern Tatarstan and northwestern parts of the modern Bashkortostan, dating back from XII–XIV centuries. The bearers of Chiyalik culture were Ugric by origin, who have undergone Turkization and Islamization. The article explores the narrative sources that contain records on the relations between Uralic Ugric Peoples and Mongols, archaeological data on the objects of the Golden Horde import found on the monuments of Chiyalik culture. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of narrative sources and archaeological data on the problem of interaction of Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde as the synchronous historical phenomena. Narrative sources indicate the conquest of the territory of Chiyalik culture by the Mongols, tribute and labor conscriptions carried out by the local population in favor of the conquerors. The objects of the Golden Horde were detected on the settlement monuments: silver earrings and coins were found in Ufa-II settlement; copper coins were found in Iske–aul settlement; pottery and copper coins were found in Podymalovo-I settlement. Silver Golden Horde coins were found in the Taktalachuk and Azmetyevsky burial grounds. The author’s special contribution to this research lies in the conclusion that the paucity of findings is explained by the absence of large settlements, and the Muslim funeral rite. The novelty consists in establishment of the fact of the unilateral impact of the Golden Horde culture upon the Chiyalik culture: in exchange for the items of the Golden Horde import, were exported the raw materials, items of cattle breeding, hunting and beekeeping.

scholarly journals Molecular cytogenetics of Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. and H. setigerum Turcz. (Fabaceae) from populations of Southern Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-519
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Yurkevich ◽  
T. E. Samatadze ◽  
I. Yu. Selyutina ◽  
S. A. Zoshchuk ◽  
A. V. Amosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
First Time

For the first time, a comparative karyotype analysis of closely related species Hedysarum gmelinii andH. setigerum (Hedysarum section Multicaulia) grown in Southern Siberia, has been performed by molecular cytogeneticmarkers. Chromosome numbers in karyotypes of these species were specified – 2n = 4х = 32. In some accessions, additionalB chromosomes were revealed. FISH analyses indicated high similarities in chromosome morphology and also patternsof chromosomal distributions of 45S and 5S rDNA clusters in karyotypes of H. gmelinii and H. setigerum, which confirmsthe close relationship between their genomes.

scholarly journals Palaeolithic Populations and Waves of Advance

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Fort ◽  
Toni Pujol ◽  
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Wave Of Advance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

The wave-of-advance model has been previously applied to Neolithic human range expansions, yielding good agreement to the speeds inferred from archaeological data. Here, we apply it for the first time to Palaeolithic human expansions by using reproduction and mobility parameters appropriate to hunter-gatherers (instead of the corresponding values for preindustrial farmers). The order of magnitude of the predicted speed is in agreement with that implied by the AMS radiocarbon dating of the lateglacial human recolonization of northern Europe (14.2–12.5 kyr bp). We argue that this makes it implausible for climate change to have limited the speed of the recolonization front. It is pointed out that a similar value for the speed can be tentatively inferred from the archaeological data on the expansion of modern humans into the Levant and Europe (42–36 kyr bp).

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