The effect of age and diet on the viscosity of intestinal contents in broiler chicks

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 65-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Petersen ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
M. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Current Series ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
Effect Of Age

It is generally considered that increased digesta viscosity is one mode of action by which antinutritional factors such as β-glucans in barley and arabinoxylans in wheat reduce digestibility of nutrients in broilers. The increased viscosity interferes, possibly, with the activity of digestive enzymes and subsequent movement of nutrients prior to absorption, therefore ultimately depressing growth rate and feed conversion. Experimental diets are usually fed for approximately three weeks prior to evaluation of gut viscosity. However viscosity may change considerably during and after this time to a degree which may be influenced by the feeding regime employed. Accordingly, the current series of experiments was designed to identify the pattern of change of gut viscosity as influenced by age of bird (15 to 45 days) and feeding regime when diets based on wheat and barley were offered.

Effects of wet feeding and enzyme supplementation on nutritional value of wheat screenings for broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Ghorbanali Sadeghi ◽  
Ahmad Karimi ◽  
Soosan Mohammadi ◽  
Asaad Vaziry ◽  
Mahmood Habibian
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

The effects of wet feeding and a multi-enzyme preparation on the nutritional value of wheat screenings (WS) for broiler chicks were investigated. In total, 540 1-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were fed a corn–soybean meal-based diet up to 29 days of age. At that time, the birds were randomly assigned to nine diets in a completely randomised design with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, including three levels of WS (0%, 25% and 50%, WS0, WS25 and WS50 respectively) and three processing methods (no processing, enzyme supplementation and wet feeding). The enzyme mixture contained endo-1, 4-β-xylanase (200 FXU/g), endo-1, 4-β-glucanase (50 FBG/g), endo-1, 8-β-glucanase (21 FBG/g), hemicellulase (3000 VHCU/g), α-galactosidase (3 GALU/g) and protease (260 U/g) and was supplemented at a level of 6 g/kg of diet. The inclusion of water in wet diets was in the extent of 1.2 kg/kg of diet. During the period from 29 to 49 days of age, feed intake was not affected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in the diet, whereas chicks fed the WS25 diet had a higher (P < 0.05) bodyweight gain than did those on WS0 diet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in the diet throughout the study. The feed intake was increased (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation to WS50 diet, while bodyweight gain was increased (P < 0.05) by wet feeding. Enzyme supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) FCR, whereas wet feeding resulted in lower (P < 0.05) FCR over the entire study. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in the diet. The viscosity of the ileal digesta was higher (P < 0.05) in chicks receiving the WS50 diet than that in chicks receiving the other diets. The jejunal villus height was increased (P < 0.05) and the jejunal crypt depth was decreased (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of WS in diet. The jejunal crypt depth was greater (P < 0.05) in chicks receiving the wet diets than in chicks receiving the enzyme-supplemented diets (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the results from the present study indicated that broiler growth performance was improved by the inclusion of WS in the diet and also by wet feeding. These effects were largely compatible with the changes that occurred in the small intestine morphology, but not with those observed for ileal digesta viscosity.

Nutritional evaluation of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) meal as a replacement for maize in broiler diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
E. E. Archibong ◽  
E. E. Nsa ◽  
U. E. Umoren
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Parameters

A total of three hundred (300) day old unsexed “Fidan' broiler chicks averagely weighing 100.25 0.44g were used to study the response of broiler birds to diets containing different levels of yellow tigernut meal (TNM) as a replacement for maize. The birds were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments of three replicates each containing 60 and 20 birds respectively. After 28 days, the birds were again randomized based on weights to commence the finisher phase in a completely randomized design. The treatment diets consisted of 0%, 25%, 50% 75% and 100% of TNM as replacement for maize as diets 1 (control) 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The result showed TNM to be low in protein (5.04%), moderate in fibre (13.01%) and high in ether extract (27.46%). Among the antinutritional factors, alkaloids, phytate and tannin were relatively high; 2.63mg/kg, 1.44mg/100g and 1.01mg/100g, respectively. Average weight gain (AWG) and final live weight (FLW) were high for birds fed 25 TNM and significantly (p<0.05) higher than the birds on control at the starter phase. However, at the finisher phase, the values were similar except for birds on 100% TNM that showed significant (p<0.05) depression in AWG and FWG. Feed intake was significantly affected by TNM inclusion levels and tended to improve (p<0.05) significantly as the level of TNM increases in the diets at the starter phase. And at the finisher phase, there was no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed intake across the treatment diets. The feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency showed similar trend both in starter and finisher phases of broiler production, except that at the starter phase, there was poor feed utilization as the level of TNM exceeded 25%, while at the finisher phase, depression only set in at 100% TNM. Feed cost (N/kg) increased as the level of TNM increased in the diets. Among the nutrient utilization only fibre and ether extract were significantly (p<0.05) affected and this occurred only at 100% TNM. The TNM inclusion had no significant effect on the dressing percentage. Of all the carcass parameters measured only gizzard, caeca and abdominal fat showed significant differences, which all tended to increase (p<0.05) significantly as the level of TNM increases in the diets. It was concluded that at starter phase TNM as replacement for maize should not exceed 25% and at finisher phase, it may not exceed 75% for optimal growth performance.

The Effect of Feeding Barley Fractions on Viscosity and Non-Starch Polysaccharide Levels in Broiler Chickens

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
S.T. Petersen ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
M. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Current Series ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which have been linked to antinutritional activity through elevated viscosity of intestinal contents may be found in greater amounts in certain regions of the cereal grain specifically the endosperm cell wall (Forrest & Wainwright 1977; Mulder, Hotten et al 1991).The current series of experiments was designed to investigate whether different levels of barley fractions contained within standard diets would influence the viscosity of broiler digesta and to examine the NSP content of the fractions and digesta supernatants.

Heat pretreatment as a means of improving the response to dietary pentosanase in chicks fed rye

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Teitge ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
H. L. Classen ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Steam Flaking

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of heat and acid treatment of rye and wheat on the response of broiler chicks to dietary pentosanase. In exp. 1, autoclaving rye greatly potentiated the growth response to dietary pentosanase (P < 0.01) while producing little or no effect without enzyme. Acid treatment (0.2 N HCl) alone, or in conjunction with autoclaving, improved the performance of broilers fed rye but did not enhance the enzyme response. Examination of the pentosan content or viscosity of treated rye indicated no substantial effect of autoclaving, although some breakdown of pentosan was apparent in the presence of acid. A second experiment confirmed the enzyme potentiating effect of autoclaving in broilers fed rye (cv. Musketeer and Kodiak) and wheat. The response to dietary enzyme was greater for rye than wheat. Viscosity determinations of intestinal contents indicated that autoclaving enabled the dietary pentosanase to reduce viscosity to a greater extent than that achievable with enzyme alone. In exp. 3, Musketeer rye subjected to commercial heat-processing procedures gave a similar response to that observed with autoclaving, although differences in effectiveness were seen. Pelleting alone (without enzyme supplementation) resulted in improved weight gain and feed conversion of chicks fed rye. Both pelleting and micronizing, but not steam-flaking, resulted in a greater response (P < 0.10) to dietary pentosanase. Key words: Broiler chicks, rye, pentosanase, heat treatment

Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

scholarly journals Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

A note on purebred performance of Belgian Piétrain pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Howard ◽  
W. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Size At Birth

SUMMARYIn an analysis of data from 211 litters in a Pietrain herd, litter size at birth and at weaning was lower than is generally found in indigenous breeds. Mortality in growing and breeding pigs was high with circulatory failure accounting for 23% and 95% of deaths respectively. Pietrains, fed ad libitum over the live-weight range 27 to 87 kg, grew more slowly by 130 g/day than contemporary Large Whites on the same feeding regime, had higher killing-out percentages (by 3 to 4 units) and larger eye muscles in cross-section (by 9·9 cm2) but tended to have higher feed conversion ratios. There was no breed difference in backfat measurements but Pietrain carcasses were shorter by 83 mm and their muscle quality was markedly inferior to that of the Large Whites.

scholarly journals Effect of age on feed efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of indigenous bull

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sultana ◽  
KS Huque ◽  
MZ Rahman ◽  
NG Das
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Age

The study was conducted with the objectives to understand the effect of age of native Pabna bulls on feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility and carcass yield characteristics. Fifteen Pabna bulls having five  in each age groups of 6 to12, 13 to 24 and 25 to 36 months  were fed   ad libitum mix silages of Splendida (Setaria splendida) and Andrpogan (Andropogon gyunus) grasses (1:1 fresh) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 1% of live weight (LW) for a period of 72 days. With the increase of age, and subsequently LW (initial LW: 98.2, 182.6 and 288 kg, respectively), there was significant decrease in dry matter (DM) intake as % LW (<0.05; 2.94, 2.61 and 2.36, respectively) and increased daily gain (<0.01; 294, 519 and 597 g/d, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (>0.05; 10.88, 10.10 and 12.24, respectively) and DM digestibility (>0.05; 51.0, 48.1 and 49.1 %, respectively) of bulls were remained unchanged. In case of carcass yield characteristics, significantly lower yield grade (<0.01; 1.79, 1.27 and 0.20, respectively) of bulls of 25 to 36 years produced higher closely trimmed boneless retail cuts (CTBRC) (<0.01; 50.47, 51.64 and 54.14 %, respectively), retail cut (<0.01; 76.14, 78.55 and 83.48 %, respectively) and meat quality index (MQI) (<0.01; 67.28, 67.89 and 69.07, respectively) compared to younger bulls. It may, therefore, be recommended that beef cattle farming with native Pabna bulls of 24 to 36 months will give more daily LW gain and produce more CTBRC at a similar FCR compared to younger ones.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 17-23

scholarly journals Efficacy of exogenous phytase supplementation on production performance of commercial broiler

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
E Parvin ◽  
MA Khatun ◽  
T Yeasmin ◽  
MM Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Diet Control

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing of exogenous phytase enzyme on productivity of commercial broilers. Four strains of commercial broiler such as Fast feather, Arbor acres, Cobb-500 and Hubbard classic each having 78 numbers were reared for a period of 5 weeks. A total number of 312 day old broiler chicks were distributed into two dietary treatments i.e. basal diet (Control-T0) and basal diet supplemented with phytase enzyme 1g/kg feed (supplemented-T1). The results indicated that broilers fed on diets supplemented with phytase have gained more body weight when compared with control group (P<0.05). The first and second highest body weights were recorded for the strains Cobb-500 and First feather broilers, respectively, which feed on diet containing phytase.   Feed consumption varied significantly between the broilers on different dietary regimes. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found in feed conversion ratios among the birds fed on diet with phytase enzyme. The lowest feed conversion ratio was in Cobb-500 fed on phytase diet where as the highest was in Fast Feather provided with only basal diet during the 5th week of age. Average feed conversion ratios were 1.73 and 1.86 for the supplemented and control group respectively. Use of phytase as feed additive in the diet resulted in high profitability/ broiler. Net profit per live broiler was the also higher in treatment group compared with control groups of birds. The highest net profit per live broiler was observed in Arbor Across strains fed on phytase diet. The result of the present study suggests that the addition of dietary phytase enzyme in the diet of broiler may increase the production performance and reduce the cost of production.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (3): 31-39

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