Review of Collision Avoidance and Path Planning Methods for Ships in Close Range Encounters

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
CheeKuang Tam ◽  
Richard Bucknall ◽  
Alistair Greig
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Close Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
Marine Navigation ◽  
Made In

Efficient marine navigation through obstructions is still one of the many problems faced by the mariner. Many accidents can be traced to human error, recently increased traffic densities and the average cruise speed of ships impedes the collision avoidance decision making process further in the sense that decisions have to be made in reduced time. It seems logical that the decision making process be computerised and automated as a step forward to reduce the risk of collision. This article reviews the development of collision avoidance techniques and path planning for ships, particularly when engaged in close range encounters. In addition, previously published works have been categorised and their shortcomings highlighted in order to identify the ‘state of the art’ and issues in close range marine navigation.

Evidence-based Assessment

2010 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
John Hunsley ◽  
Eric J. Mash
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Evidence-based assessment relies on research and theory to inform the selection of constructs to be assessed for a specific assessment purpose, the methods and measures to be used in the assessment, and the manner in which the assessment process unfolds. An evidence-based approach to clinical assessment necessitates the recognition that, even when evidence-based instruments are used, the assessment process is a decision-making task in which hypotheses must be iteratively formulated and tested. In this chapter, we review (a) the progress that has been made in developing an evidence-based approach to clinical assessment in the past decade and (b) the many challenges that lie ahead if clinical assessment is to be truly evidence-based.

DETERMINISTIC-BASED SHIP ANTI-COLLISION ROUTE OPTIMIZATION WITH WEB-BASED APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Fışkın ◽  
E Nasibov ◽  
M O Yardımcı
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Ship Traffic

Most of the accidents are caused by human error at sea so, decision making process made by navigators should be more computerised and automated. The supported decision making can be a step forward to decrease the risk of collision. This paper, in this respect, aims to present a deterministic approach to support optimum collision avoidance trajectory. This approach involves a collision avoidance course alteration. A web-based application coded with "JavaScript" programming language on the "Processing" software platform which allows the own ship to change her course in a deterministic manner to avoid collision optimally has been introduced. Algorithm structure of the method has been formulated and organized according to the International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGs). The experimental tests results have revealed that the system is practicable and feasible and considerably outperforms heuristic-based method. It is thought that the developed method can be applied in an intelligent avoidance system on board and provides contribution to ship collision avoidance process, automation of ship motion control and ship traffic engineering.

Demystifying intuition as the main decision system used by farmers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nuthall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Decision System ◽  
Intuitive Process ◽  
Important Improvement ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

Abstract Over the decades, many researchers have explored the concept of intuition as a decision-making process. However, most of this research does not quantify the important aspects of intuition, making it difficult to fully understand its nature and improve the intuitive process, enabling an efficient method of decision-making. The research described here, through a review of the relevant literature, demystifies intuition as a decision system by isolating the important intuition determining variables and relating them to quantitative intuition research. As most farm decisions are made through intuition, farmers, consultants, researchers and students of farm management will find the review useful, stimulating efforts for improving decision-making skills in farmers. The literature search covered all journals and recent decades and includes articles that consider the variables to be targeted in improving intuitive skill. This provides a basis for thinking about intuition and its improvement within the farming world. It was found from the literature that most of the logical areas that should influence decisions do in fact do so and should be targeted in improving intuition. One of the most important improvement processes is a farmer's self-criticism skills through using a decision diary in conjunction with reflection and consultation leading to improved decisions. This must be in conjunction with understanding, and learning about, the many other variables also impacting on intuitive skill.

scholarly journals Poliheuristic Theory and Indonesia’s Absence in Deep-Sea Mining (DSM)

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810342110367
Author(s):  
Moch Faisal Karim ◽  
Willy Dwira Yudha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Many

Indonesia is among the many states that have become interested in conducting deep-sea mining (DSM) since it first became viable in the 1970s. However, it was during the administration of President Joko Widodo (2014–2019) that DSM became an important viable endeavour, with the increasing depletion of Indonesia’s mineral and metal reserves. Nevertheless, Indonesia is yet to undertake DSM activity. This article aims to explain the absence of DSM in Indonesia by analysing the political dimensions of the decision-making process during President Widodo’s administration. This research utilises the poliheuristic theory (PHT) of decision-making. It shows that Indonesia’s DSM absence is the result of conscious decisions made by President Widodo to avoid loss in public support and drop in popularity. This article contributes to expanding the study of non-event or non-decision, which has been largely ignored in decision-making literature in Indonesia.

Identifying E-Business Options

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Albert Boonstra ◽  
Bert de Brock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Business Purpose ◽  
Made In

The past few years, many organizations have been using the Internet in quite arbitrary and experimental ways. This phase, which can be considered as a period of learning and experimentation, has created a need for a more systematic approach to the identification, the ordering and the assessment of e-business options. It is the objective of this paper to address this need by presenting a methodology that aims at supporting management in using alternative e-business applications in the first stage of the decision-making process. Figure 1 shows how a systematic decision-making process can be organized by using e-business options. The steps are based on Simon’s intelligence, design, and choice trichotomy (Simon, 1960). First, alternative e-business options have to be identified and ordered. Then the possible options have to be assessed and selected. After this stage the selected opportunities have to be specified and designed. Next, implementation, operation, maintenance, and evaluation may follow. In Figure 1 this is called the “formal life cycle”. We will apply the word “e-business option” referring to the possibility to use an electronic network for a business purpose. An e-business opportunity is defined here as an assessed and selected e-business option. In practice, different intermediate feedback activities, interrupts, delays and adjustments are often necessary to reconsider earlier steps (Mintzberg, Raisinghani, & Théorêt, 1976). This is—among other reasons—because decision-making processes of this kind take place in dynamic environments and decisions are made in political contexts (Pettigrew, 2002). Moreover, participants in decision-making processes are often lacking the necessary information to make well-considered decisions right from the start (Miller, Hickson, & Wilson, 1996). In Figure 1 these activities are called “intermediate feedback”.

scholarly journals Design of forest road network in relation to all-society functions of forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
M. Kašková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
Forest Road Construction ◽  
Made In

The basic condition of forest management development is the accessibility of the forest. A design of the forest road network in relation to all-society functions of forests has been made in the catchment of the Vilčok stream. The catchment is situated in Protected Landscape Area Beskydy. The method Quantification and quantitative evaluation of functions of forests as a basis for their evaluation (Vyskot et al. 2003) was used for the design. This method can be applied to road planning. It can serve as another component in the decision-making process of the planning of forest road construction.

The Importance of Information in Crisis Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Barbara Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Threat Analysis ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Channel Information ◽  
Made In

Threats have accompanied humanity since the dawn of time. Most of them can develop into crisis situations that can be interpreted in many different ways. The crisis situation is closely linked with the concept of crisis management, which is implemented in four phases. At every stage of work, various elements are significant in terms of crisis management. There are also elements that are very important at every stage. These include: threat analysis, estimation of the probability of their occurrence in a given area, and assessment of their sensitivity. An appropriate information flow system supports the implementation of the above elements. This system should be effective in such relations as between services and between services and society. The effectiveness of information flow depends on the reliability of this information and its flow channel. Information is of particular importance in the decision-making process. It should have appropriate features and properties. Based on the information, both good and bad decisions can be made. In crisis management, this can be relevant to human health and even human life. This article discusses issues related to the nature of information in crisis management.

Role of Traditional Institutions in Governance ‐ Experience from Karbi Anglong, Assam

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaka Sarmah ◽  
Chucheng Fa Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Principle ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Made In

Governance today is of paramount apprehension for any state. Concern for governance therefore reveals new areas of articulation for a state and the people living within its jurisdiction. For many, governance refers to certain conditions necessary for a state through which it can exercise power in managing the nation's social and economic assets and also becomes the precondition for realizing democratic ideals. Though the notion of governance is different for different people, one common understanding of it is the decision making process as well as the process of implementation of those decisions. This process also identifies involvement of different structures from different walks of life, signifying both the formal as well as informal actors. In this background, the traditional institutions of a society also have their appeal for involvement of local structures in the issues of governance. The traditional institutions of Karbi Anglong also entails such appeals, because of its involvement in civil, socio-economic and religious jurisdiction of the local interests. Therefore the participation of people through such institutions has been recognized as a process of grass rooting the democratic principle of governance in its most popular form as mentioned above. In this paper an attempt is made in recognizing the effect of the traditional institutions in Karbi Anglong more specifically among the Karbi Tribes.

scholarly journals What’s the Context? Implicit and Explicit Assumptions in Model-Based Goal Recognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Masters ◽  
Mor Vered
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intelligent Decision Making ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
Goal Recognition ◽  
The Many ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Made In

Every model involves assumptions. While some are standard to all models that simulate intelligent decision-making (e.g., discrete/continuous, static/dynamic), goal recognition is well known also to involve choices about the observed agent: is it aware of being observed? cooperative or adversarial? In this paper, we examine not only these but the many other assumptions made in the context of model-based goal recognition. By exploring their meaning, the relationships between them and the confusions that can arise, we demonstrate their importance, shed light on the way trends emerge in AI, and suggest a novel means for researchers to uncover suitable avenues for future work.

The managers’ decisions submitted to the approval of the general meeting: Review of Turkish Commercial Code regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Işik Özer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
Turkish Commercial Code ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

Article 625/2 of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC), adapted from the Swiss Code of Obligations (Obligationenrecht 811, hereinafter referred as OR 811), allows managers to submit certain decisions and individual matters to the approval of the general meeting. This paper purports to reveal how this article could be interpreted and the regulations to be made in the agreements of limited liability companies in Turkish law. To do that, an interpretation of article 625/2 of TCC is developed. In addition, the effect of this article on the liability of the managers and the references made to articles 51 and 52 of the Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO) are explained. With a regulation added in the agreement of the company, the managers would either be required to submit or they would be free to choose to submit certain decisions and individual matters to the approval of the general meeting. Considering that the submission slows down the decision-making process and causes additional costs, granting the managers the right to choose becomes an important issue. However, the approval of the general meeting does not remove the liability of the managers. So when a lawsuit for liability is filed against managers, the approval of the general meeting may decrease the payment for compensation (articles 51 and 52 of TCO)

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