Oxygen radicals participate in alloxan-induced pulmonary EDEMA

We know that alloxan causes increased-permeability pulmonary edema and that alloxan generates oxygen radicals (H2O2, O2−, ·OH) in blood. Therefore, we hypothesize that alloxan-generated oxygen radicals damage pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, and, possibly, alveolar epithelial cells as well. We examined whether oxygen radical scavengers, such as catalase or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), protected against alloxaninduced pulmonary edema.Five dogs in each following group were anesthetized: control group: physiological saline (20ml/kg/h); alloxan group: physiological saline + alloxan (75mg/kg) bolus injection at the beginning of the experiment; catalase group: physiological saline + catalase (150,000u/kg) bolus injection before injection of alloxan; DMSO group: physiological saline + DMSO (0.4mg/kg) bolus injection before alloxan. All dogs had 30-min baseline period and 3-h intervention period. Hemodynamics and circulating substances were measured at the specific points of time. At the end of intervention period, the dogs were killed and had the lungs removed for electron microscopic study and lung water measurement with direct destructive method.

Download Full-text

Abstract 138: Remote Ischemic Postconditioning Alleviates Postresuscitation Inflammatory Response and Pulmonary Edema in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Jiefeng Xu ◽

Sen Ye ◽

Zilong Li ◽

Moli Wang ◽

Zhengquan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Pulmonary Edema ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Limb Ischemia ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

Control Group ◽

Lung Water

Introduction: Systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury produced by CA and resuscitation can result in severe post-cardiac arrest syndrome; which includes systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome such as acute pulmonary edema. We previously demonstrated that remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIpostC) improved post-resuscitation myocardial and cerebral function in a rat model of CA. In this study, we investigated the effects of RIpostC on inflammatory response and pulmonary edema after CPR in a porcine model. Hypothesis: RIpostC would alleviate post-resuscitation inflammatory response and pulmonary edema in a porcine model of CA. Methods: Fourteen male domestic pigs weighing 37 ± 2 kg were utilized. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 10 mins. The animals were then randomized to receive RIpostC or control. Coincident with the start of CPR, RIpostC was induced by four cycles of 5 mins of limb ischemia and then 5 mins of reperfusion. Defibrillation was attempted after 5 mins of CPR. The resuscitated animals were monitored for 4 hrs and observed for an additional 68 hrs. Results: Six of the seven animals in each group were successfully resuscitated. After resuscitation, significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were measured in the animals that received RIpostC when compared with the control group. Post-resuscitation extra-vascular lung water index was lower in the RIpostC group than in the control group; in which the differences were significant at 2,3 and 4 hrs (Table). Conclusion: In a porcine model of CA, RIpostC significantly alleviates post-resuscitation inflammatory response and pulmonary edema.

Download Full-text

Lung mechanics in hypervolemic pulmonary edema

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1975.38.4.681 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 681-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

W. H. Noble ◽

J. C. Kay ◽

J. Obdrzalek

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Edema ◽

Lung Compliance ◽

Indicator Dilution ◽

Lung Mechanics ◽

Dilution Technique ◽

Lung Water ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Indicator Dilution Technique ◽

Double Indicator Dilution ◽

Alveolar Edema

Extravascular thermal volume of the lung (ETVL) is a double indicator dilution technique of use in measuring pulmonary edema. ETVL and lung mechanics measurements were followed to find a less invasive monitor of pulmonary edema than the double indicator dilution technique. Pulmonary edema was induced by overloading the dogs' circulation with dextran. Phases of overload were defined on the basis of a previous electron microscopic study (Noble et al., Can. Anesthetists Soc. J. 21:275, 1974) of lung biopsies relating anatomic changes to physiologic measurements of ETVL and central blood volume (CBV). Congestion occurred when CBV was elevated and ETVL was not, interstitial edema when ETVL was elevated but smaller than 60% above control and alveolar edema when ETVL greater than 85% above control. Once the dogs were in alveolar edema, they were mechanically ventilated with 4, 8, 12, and 16 cmH2O end-tidal pressure (CPPV). Mean functional residual capacity (FRC) for all 15 dogs did not change up to the time CPPV was applied. Pulmonary resistance did not rise until alveolar edema was present. Once in pulmonary edema, lung compliance always fell as lung water increased. In individual dogs, the compliance fall was directly proportional to the rising lung water. However, the variations in slope and beginning point among dogs made it difficult to predict the amount of lung water from dynamic compliance values. PaO2 fell markedly in alveolar edema as a result of a widened A-a gradient. CPPV did not decrease lung water but did increase FRC and PaO2.

Download Full-text

The feasibility and utility of gratitude intervention for suicidal internet users

10.31234/osf.io/vzcu2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hajime Sueki ◽

Kenta Ishikawa

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Dropout Rate ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Internet Users ◽

Gratitude Intervention

Background: Gratitude has received attention as a protective factor that contributes to suicide prevention, and several studies have shown that gratitude intervention in hospitalized patients has a suicide prevention effect. Aim: We conducted a gratitude intervention for suicidal internet users, and examined the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. Methods: This is a single-arm study of gratitude intervention ("counting blessings") among Japanese internet users with high suicidal ideation (N = 225). The experiment consisted of a baseline period of approximately 4 weeks and an intervention period of approximately 4 weeks. The main factor measured was suicidal ideation. Results: The dropout rate was 16.5% during the baseline period and 24.5% during the intervention period. Commitment to gratitude intervention was significantly associated with reduced suicidal ideation, after controlling for mean suicidal ideation in the baseline period and other demographic variables. Limitations: This study did not include a control group and a follow-up period. Conclusions: Gratitude intervention has the potential to develop into a suicide prevention tool that can be used by suicidal internet users who do not necessarily have access to psychiatric care.

Download Full-text

Buying health: assessing the impact of a consumer-side vegetable subsidy on purchasing, consumption and waste

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015001469 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 520-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Noah Smith-Drelich

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Policy Tool ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Behavior Study ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the impact of a reimbursement-based consumer subsidy on vegetable expenditures, consumption and waste.DesignTwo-arm randomized controlled trial; two-week baseline observation period, three-week intervention period. Participants’ vegetable expenditures, consumption and waste were monitored using receipts collection and through an FFQ. During the intervention period, the treatment group received reimbursement of up to 50 US dollars ($) for purchased vegetables.SettingParticipants were solicited from Palo Alto, CA, USA using materials advertising a ‘consumer behavior study’ and a small participation incentive. To prevent selection bias, solicitation materials did not describe the specific behaviour being evaluated.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty potential participants responded to the solicitations and 144 participants enrolled in the study; 138 participants completed all five weekly surveys.ResultsAccounting for the control group (n 69) and the two-week baseline period, the intervention significantly impacted the treatment group’s (n 69) vegetable expenditures (+$8·16 (sd 2·67)/week, P<0·01), but not vegetable consumption (+1·3 (sd 1·2) servings/week, P=0·28) or waste (−0·23 (sd 1·2) servings/week, P=0·60).ConclusionsThe consumer subsidy significantly increased participants’ vegetable expenditures, but not consumption or waste, suggesting that this type of subsidy might not have the effects anticipated. Reimbursement-based consumer subsidies may therefore not be as useful a policy tool for impacting vegetable consumption as earlier studies have suggested. Moreover, moderation analysis revealed that the subsidy’s effect on participants’ vegetable expenditures was significant only in men. Additional research should seek to determine how far reaching gender-specific effects are in this context. Further research should also examine the effect of a similar consumer subsidy on high-risk populations and explore to what extent increases in participants’ expenditures are due to the purchase of more expensive vegetables, purchasing of vegetables during the study period that were consumed outside the study period, or a shift from restaurant vegetable consumption to grocery vegetable consumption.

Download Full-text

Haemostatic Clot Formation at Anastomosis of Synthetic Venous Graft in Defibrinogenated Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650187 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (03) ◽

pp. 276-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Ishimaru ◽

E Berglin ◽

H-A Hansson ◽

A-C Teger-Nilsson ◽

G William-Olsson

Keyword(s):

Vena Cava ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Fibrin Network ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Scanning Electron

SummaryA segment of the inferior vena cava was replaced by an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in 13 dogs. Five of them served as a control group, while the other 8 were moderately or severely defibrinogenated with subcutaneous batroxobin. Plasma fibrinogen decreased to extremely low values throughout the experiment in the defibrinogenated dogs except in the moderately treated group in which it temporarily rose to 0.72-0.87 g/1 on the first postoperative day.Scanning electron microscopic observations of the haemostatic clot formed at the anastomoses of the graft revealed no significant morphological differences in platelet adhesion and/or aggregation between the three groups. These findings confirmed that platelets play a key role in primary haemostasis during defibrinogenation.The fibrin network was slightly diminished and only short fibrin filaments could be seen in the moderately and severely defibrinogenated groups respectively. These differences in composition of the clots are discussed in relation to their haemostatic capacity.

Download Full-text

Camelina Oil Supplementation Improves Bone Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1343

Author(s):

Iwona Puzio ◽

Dorota Graboś ◽

Marek Bieńko ◽

Radosław P. Radzki ◽

Aneta Nowakiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Type I ◽

Camelina Oil ◽

Bone Parameters ◽

Ovx Rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of Camelina sativa oil (CO) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone parameters in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Overall, 40 10-week-old healthy female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each. Rats in the control group (SHO) were subjected to a sham operation, whereas experimental rats (OVX) were ovariectomized. After a 7-day recovery period, the SHO the rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline for the next 6 weeks. The OVX rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline (OVX-PhS), 5 g/kg BW (OVX-CO5), or 9 g/kg BW (OVX-CO9) of camelina oil. The use of camelina oil had a significant effect on body weight, lean mass, and fat mass. The camelina oil administration suppressed the decrease in the values of some densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of femur caused by estrogen deficiency. The CO treatment increased significantly the serum level of osteocalcin and decreased the serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the OVX rats. In conclusion, camelina oil exerts a positive osteotropic effect by inhibiting ovariectomy-induced adverse changes in bones. Camelina oil supplementation can be used as an efficient method for improving bone health in a disturbed state. However, further research must be carried out on other animal species supplemented with the oil.

Download Full-text

Effect of breast milk oral care in infants who underwent surgical correction of ventricular septal defect

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951121001438 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Xian-Rong Yu ◽

Yu-Qing Lei ◽

Jian-Feng Liu ◽

Zeng-Chun Wang ◽

Hua Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Ventricular Septal Defect ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Oral Care ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Care Group ◽

Control Group

Abstract Objective: This study explored the clinical effect of employing breast milk oral care for infants who underwent surgical correction of ventricular septal defect. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted in a provincial hospital between January, 2020 and July, 2020 in China. Patients were randomly divided into an intervention group (breast milk oral care, n = 28) and a control group (physiological saline oral care, n = 28). The intervention group was given oral nursing using breast milk for infants in the early post-operative period, and the control group was given oral nursing using physiological saline. Related clinical data were recorded and analysed. Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender, weight, operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, or aortic cross-clamping time between the two groups. Compared with the physiological saline oral care group, the mechanical ventilation duration, the length of ICU stay in the breast milk oral care group were significantly shorter. The time of start feeding and total enteral nutrition were significantly earlier in the intervention group than those in the control group. The incidence of post-operative pneumonia in the breast milk oral care group was 3.6%, which was significantly lower than that of the physiological saline oral care group. Conclusion: The use of breast milk for oral care in infants who underwent surgical correction of VSD can reduce the incidence of post-operative pneumonia and promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function.

Download Full-text

Measurement of pulmonary edema in intact dogs by transthoracic gamma-ray attenuation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1979.47.6.1228 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 1228-1233 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. S. Simon ◽

J. F. Murray ◽

N. C. Staub

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Edema ◽

Time Course ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Lung Edema ◽

Lung Water ◽

Vascular Congestion ◽

Isolated Lung ◽

Wide Range ◽

Gamma Ray Attenuation

We evaluated the attenuation of the 122 keV gamma ray of cobalt-57 across the thorax of anesthetized dogs as a method for following the time course of lung water changes in acute pulmonary edema induced by either increased microvascular permeability or increased microvascular hydrostatic pressure. The gamma rays traversed the thorax centered on the seventh rib laterally where the lung mass in the beam path was greatest. Calibration measurements in isolated lung lobes demonstrated the high sensitivity and inherent accuracy of the method over a wide range of lung water contents. In control dogs reproducibility averaged +/-3%. Increased permeability edema led to large rapid increases in the transthoracic gamma ray attenuation (TGA), while increased pressure caused an immediate, modest increase in TGA (vascular congestion) followed by a slow further increase over 2 h. There was a fairly good correlation between the increase in extravascular lung water and the change in TGA. The method is simple, safe, and noninvasive and appears to be useful for following the time course of lung water accumulation in generalized lung edema in anesthetized animals.

Download Full-text

Electron Microscopic Study of the Phagocytosis Process in Lung

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.7.2.357 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 357-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

H. E. Karrer

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Alveolar Epithelium ◽

Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Double Line ◽

Alveolar Epithelial ◽

Culture Cells ◽

India Ink ◽

Intracellular Vesicles

Diluted India ink was instilled into the nasal cavity of mice and the lungs of some animals were fixed with osmium tetroxide at various intervals after one instillation. The lungs of other animals were fixed after 4, 7, 9, 16, or 18 daily instillations. The India ink was found to be phagocytized almost exclusively by the free alveolar macrophages. A few particles are occasionally seen within thin portions of alveolar epithelium, within the "small" alveolar epithelial cells, or within occasional leukocytes in the lumina of alveoli. The particles are ingested by an invagination process of the plasma membrane resulting in the formation of intracellular vesicles and vacuoles. Ultimately large amounts of India ink accumulate in the cell, occupying substantial portions of the cytoplasm. The surfaces of phagocytizing macrophages show signs of intense motility. Their cytoplasm contains numerous particles, resembling Palade particles, and a large amount of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. These structures are interpreted as indicative of protein synthesis. At the level of resolution achieved in this study the membranes of this reticulum appear as single dense "lines." On the other hand, the plasma membrane and the limiting membranes of vesicles and of vacuoles often exhibit the double-line structure typical of unit membranes (Robertson, 37). The inclusion bodies appear to be the product of phagocytosis. It is believed that some of them derive from the vacuoles mentioned above, and that they correspond to similar structures seen in phase contrast cinemicrographs of culture cells. Their matrix represents phagocytized material. Certain structures within this matrix are considered as secondary and some of these structures possess an ordered form probably indicative of the presence of lipid. The possible origin and the fate of alveolar macrophages are briefly discussed.

Download Full-text

Delivery of CD151 by Ultrasound Microbubbles in Rabbit Myocardial Infarction

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000446639 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shao-Ling Yang ◽

Ke-Qiang Tang ◽

Jun-Jia Tao ◽

Ai-Hong Wan ◽

Yan-Duan Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Function ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Cluster Of Differentiation

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate whether ultrasound (US) and microbubble-mediated delivery of Cluster of Differentiation 151 (CD151) could enhance the therapeutic effects of CD151 on myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: A rabbit model of MI was established by a modified Fujita method. Then, 50 MI rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups, including G1 (CD151 plasmid and physiological saline in the presence of US); G2 (CD151 and Sonovue in the presence of US); G3 (CD151 and Sonovue in the absence of US); G4 (Sonovue in the absence of US), and a control group (physiological saline in the absence of US). After 14 days of treatment, the expression of CD151 was detected by Western blot. Besides, vessel density of peri-infarcted myocardium was measured by immunohistochemistry, and cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiography. Results: The rabbit model of MI was established successfully. CD151 injection increased the expression of CD151 and microvessel density in the myocardium of MI rabbits. Heart function was significantly improved by CD151, which exhibited increased left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening and a reduced Tei index. Besides, US Sonovue significantly increased the expression efficiency of CD151. Conclusion: US microbubble was an effective vector for CD151 delivery. CD151 might be an effective therapeutic target for MI.

Download Full-text